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采用我校自行研制，宁波有机－无机复肥厂生产的马铃薯一次性基施专用全价肥，经１９９６、１９９７年春、秋、春三季试验，结果表明，专用全价肥不仅可明显提高马铃薯的产量和品质，且有改善土壤理化性状，增加土壤有机质含量的作用。其中Ｍ－２的效果最佳。 相似文献
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随着种植业结构的调整,景宁畲族自治县农业部门在部分高山探索出以传统作物,春马铃薯、赤皮稻、萝卜进行新布局,引进新良种、推广新技术,得到山区农民的直观效果,取得了明显社会和经济效益。通过＂春马铃薯—赤皮稻—萝卜＂三熟制的种植,山区农民易接受,其产品适应市场的需求,尤其在高山生产无化学污染,为农产品安全提供得天独厚的条件。通过水旱轮作,能保持土壤的团粒结构,具有保水保肥能力,增强土壤里的通透性,有利农作物的根系生产。该整套的春马铃薯、赤皮稻、萝卜的栽培技术要点,可供同纬度的种植地带借鉴。 相似文献
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随着种植业结构的调整,景宁畲族自治县农业部门在部分高山探索出以传统作物,春马铃薯、赤皮稻、萝卜进行新布局,引进新良种、推广新技术,得到山区农民的直观效果,取得了明显社会和经济效益。通过＂春马铃薯—赤皮稻—萝卜＂三熟制的种植,山区农民易接受,其产品适应市场的需求,尤其在高山生产无化学污染,为农产品安全提供得天独厚的条件。通过水旱轮作,能保持土壤的团粒结构,具有保水保肥能力,增强土壤里的通透性,有利农作物的根系生产。该整套的春马铃薯、赤皮稻、萝卜的栽培技术要点,可供同纬度的种植地带借鉴。 相似文献
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选取9个春油菜绿肥品种进行田间试验,连续翻压两年后,测定土壤和玉米子粒中的微量元素含量,研究比较不同春油菜绿肥品种翻压对土壤微量元素含量及玉米吸收情况的影响。结果表明,中油肥1804翻压后土壤全量铁、锰和锌含量较春闲田CK处理分别提高了9.31%、5.71%、9.97%,土壤有效态铁、锰、锌含量较春闲田CK处理分别提高37.31%、62.35%、73.99%;中油肥1907翻压后土壤全铜含量较春闲田CK处理显著提高了84.29%;中油肥1901翻压后较春闲田CK处理显著提高了玉米子粒铁、锰、锌的吸收量及玉米产量和品质。不同春油菜绿肥品种翻压后土壤有效态铜含量、玉米子粒铜及锰含量与春闲田CK处理之间差异不显著;土壤有效态微量元素含量与春油菜中微量元素和土壤全量微量元素含量之间存在线性关系,且微量元素与玉米叶片叶绿素、含氮量、产量、可溶性糖、蛋白质呈显著或极显著正相关。华北地区种植并翻压中油肥1804、中油肥1901、中油肥1907能较好地提高土壤微量元素含量、生物有效性及玉米产量和品质。 相似文献
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本研究以两个马铃薯品种为试验材料,采用大田试验,设6个处理:对照(未施化肥和生物黑炭)、F(单施常规肥,尿素10 kg/667m2、二铵20 kg/667m2、硫酸钾10 kg/667m2)、B1(2 t/hm2生物黑炭)、B1F(2 t/hm2生物黑炭+常规肥)、B2(4 t/hm2生物黑炭)及B2F(4 t/hm2生物黑炭+常规肥),研究生物黑炭对马铃薯块茎形成期土壤物理性状及速效养分的影响,为马铃薯的栽培管理和生物黑炭的应用提供理论依据。结果表明,低量生物黑炭处理(2 t/hm2)对土壤pH、容重和总孔隙度无显著性影响;高量生物黑炭处理(4 t/hm2)显著增加土壤pH值和有机碳含量,降低土壤容重,增加土壤总孔隙度,降低土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。总的来说,生物黑炭改善马铃薯块茎形成期土壤物理性状,影响速效养分含量。 相似文献
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不同肥料对马铃薯产量、品质和经济效益的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了减少化肥用量,筛选优良新型肥料,实现绿色稳产增效的目标,以‘青薯9号’为试验材料,研究了马铃薯专用复合肥和生物有机肥对马铃薯产量、品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明,施用马铃薯复合肥和生物有机肥可以明显提高马铃薯产量和经济效益,与当地马铃薯配方肥相比,产量增幅在23.83%～29.85%,增收在15.50%～22.05%。当地马铃薯复合肥(撒可富)1125kg/hm2+黄腐酸生物有机肥375kg/hm2处理效果最好,产量为23915kg/hm2,较不施肥对照增产45.15%,较当地马铃薯配方肥处理增产29.85%;纯收入32 489元/hm2,较对照增收23.24%,较当地马铃薯配方肥处理增收22.05%;干物质、粗淀粉、还原糖和维生素C含量分别为25.64%、19.69%、0.224%和22.84 mg/100g,较对照分别提高15.65%、16.65%、17.28%和12.90%,较当地马铃薯配方肥分别提高9.34%、9.82%、10.89%和6.38%。生物有机肥增产提质及增收效果明显高于不施肥处理和当地马铃薯配方肥。 相似文献
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《中国马铃薯》2017,(1):25-29
为探究不同培肥措施对旱作区土壤有机质、养分及产量的影响,2015年在甘肃省庄浪县旱地梯田进行不同培肥措施对马铃薯产量与土壤有机质的影响试验。结果表明,和不施肥相比,马铃薯田间施用沼肥+化肥+秸秆+有机肥、秸秆+化肥、有机肥+化肥、沼肥+化肥4种培肥模式,大薯率、单株块茎重等经济性状明显改善,生育期延长15 d,土壤水解氮提高67~175 mg/kg、有效磷提高8.2~60.7 mg/kg、速效钾提高0~63 mg/kg,土壤有机质提高0.7~1.4 g/kg,产量提高8 940~14 910 kg/hm2。因此,这些培肥措施可在生产中推广应用。 相似文献
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有机肥和无机肥对马铃薯养分吸收及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国马铃薯》2019,(6)
有机肥和无机肥是2种不同的肥料,都可以提高植物和土壤的质量,但是效果不同。为探讨有机、无机肥对土壤、马铃薯养分吸收以及产量的影响,以马铃薯品种‘内薯7号’为试验材料,设置5个施肥处理,即:T1:不施肥(对照),T2:无机肥一次性施入(50 kg/667m~2),T3:无机肥(40 kg/667m~2)+追肥(10 kg/667m~2),T4:有机肥一次性施入(1 500 kg/667m~2),T5:有机肥(1 200 kg/667m~2)+追肥(300 kg/667m~2)。结果表明,有机肥和无机肥均提高了土壤和植株体内的氮磷钾含量,并极显著增加了块茎的产量。且无机肥和有机肥总量不变以基肥和追肥的形式施入要比一次性基肥施入效果更佳。整体表现为无机肥对土壤中氮磷钾含量影响较大,而有机肥则对植株中氮磷钾含量影响较大。研究结果为马铃薯合理施肥提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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Soil fumigation with materials containing methyl isothiocyanate, 1, 3-dichloropropene, or trichloronitromethane, alone or in combination, delayed “early maturity disease” symptoms caused byVerticillium dahliae Kleb, in potatoes and increased yields. Soil fumigation increased the crop value as much as $818 per acre, depending on the material and rate, used when potatoes were grown for two consecutive years following fumigation. With the exception of trichloronitromethane, fall fumigation was as effective or more effective than spring fumigation. 相似文献
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P. F. Ryan 《Potato Research》1961,4(2):165-173
Summary Lime has not been found of importance for potatoes except on cutaway hochmoor. Nutrient requirements per acre are about 70
lbs nitrogen. 40 lbs phosphorus and 170 lbs potassium. Farmyard manure was found to be a poor source of nitrogen but a good
source of phosphorus and potassiu. Different nitrogenous fertilizers in general gave similar results, but calcium cyanamide
gave inferior results.
Phosphatic fertilizers, except rock phosphate. generally compared well with superphosphate. Sulphate gave total yieds as high
as, and starch yields higher than, muriate of potash.
Growing potatoes for several years under nutrient deficiency did not affect “seed” vigour. Potassium deficiency could not
be corrected by spraying but top dressing gave good results. Soil analysis gave good correlation of nutrient level with crop
response to applied fertilizer. P and K deficiency had serious adverse effects on tuber size, K being worse in this respect
than P deficiency.
Paper read to the “Agronomy” Section at the 1st Triennial Conference of the E.A.P.R. Brunswick-V?lkenrode, 12–17 September
1960. 相似文献
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A. H. Charles 《Grass and Forage Science》1970,25(1):30-36
The effects of preeropping with Italian ryegrass and tall fescue mixtures on marrow-stem kale (1st test crop) and barley (2nd test crop) were measured. Application of N to the grass/clover swards reduced the yield of DM, P, K, Na, Mg, crude protein and also the percentage crude protein in the kale test-crop. Following the tall fescue swards, the yield of DM, P, Na, Ca, Mg and E, crude protein and percentage crude protein in the kale were lower than after the Italian ryegrass swards. These effects were particularly evident in the kale stem. Interactions occurred which involved the method used to establish the herbage mixtures, the application of N to the swards and of fertilizers to the kale. These effects were complex, but the method of sward establishment could clearly affect the following kale crop grown several years later. The influence of grass swards on the second test-crop (spring barley) was much smaller than on kale. Precropping with Italian ryegrass or using a cover crop during grassland establishment reduced 1000-grain weight of barley. The crude protein percentage in barley grain was reduced by the compound fertilizer applied to the previous kale crop, particularly when no cover crop had been used during establishment of the herbage mixtures. The converse of these effects was recorded in the crude-protein percentage of the straw of the barley test-crop. 相似文献
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Fertilizer combinations designed to study the effects of phosphorus, potassium and sulfur on yield, early tuber yields, and quality of potatoes were tested in each of three consecutive years at two sites in northeastern Saskatchewan. Yield responses to fertilizers varied from 0 to 136 cwt/acre and averaged 73 cwt/acre. Phosphorus fertilizer requirements of potatoes were lower for the Nipawin soil type (0–35 lb P/acre) than for the Melfort soil (35–140 lb P/acre) and were related to available phosphorus levels in the soil. Fertilizer containing potassium (50 lb K/acre) consistently increased early tuber yields at both sites. Yields of potatoes harvested at maturity were significantly increased by potassium at Nipawin. At Melfort, potassium fertilizer did not increase yields when potatoes were harvested at maturity. Over-fertilization with nitrogen reduced early tuber yields at Nipawin on two occasions. All fertilizer combinations significantly reduced specific gravity of potatoes, compared to the unfertilized checks. Increasing the rates of phosphorus and adding potassium generally decreased specific gravity. These effects were, however, not significant in the three-year averages. Differences in specific gravity of up to 0.006 were not reflected in overall quality ratings for boiled or baked potatoes. The addition of sulfur from gypsum did not affect early yield, final yield, or specific gravity at either site. 相似文献
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A. H. AbdelGadir M. A. Errebhi H. M. Al-Sarhan M. Ibrahim 《American Journal of Potato Research》2003,80(3):219-222
Soils and irrigation waters in Saudi Arabia are naturally rich in potassium (K). In spite of this, farmers and large-scale agricultural companies usually add K fertilizers to various crops without soil and water testing and whether or not the crop requires high amount of K. The objective of these experiments was to study the response of fresh tuber yield, specific gravity, and frying quality of processed potato to different levels of additional K under farmer conditions. Two field experiments were conducted during the 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 growing seasons in Wadi Addawasir (latitude 20–21 N, longitude 45–46 E), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with five K levels (0-100 kg K2O ha-1) and four replicates. Water and soils in this region contained more than 10 and 200 ppm K, respectively. Results indicated that there were no statistical differences (P<0.05) between the levels of K on fresh tuber yield, specific gravity, or frying quality. Similarly, K content of leaves at 45 or 60 days after emergence and of tubers at harvest was not significantly affected (P<0.05) by K rates. Potassium content in leaves was above optimum level. Results of this study indicated that current application rates of K are higher than the potato crop requirement for optimum yield obtained in this region. Results also indicated that farmers’ basic application of 215 kg K2O ha-1 along with soil native K and irrigation water K were sufficient to produce economic yield and high-quality potatoes. 相似文献
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Plant nutrients are important components of the intensive production system used for potatoes. Nutrient management practices need to be improved for sustained and increased productivity. Better mangement decisions will be made when accurate information is available about (a) crop residues and rotation effects on nutrient cycling, (b) the nutritional characteristics and requirements of each variety, (c) bioavailability of nutrients in soils, and (d) fertilization and tillage effects on nutrient-use efficiencies. Plant growth and nutrient uptake responses to different nutrient availabilities must also be understood to maximize growth and nutrient efficiencies. Diagnostic management techniques for nutrients need to be related to fundamental chemical and biological processes in the soil and plant system to be applicable to different environments. This information can then be packaged with other knowledge into a comprehensive crop management system. These changes should bring our agronomic practices into better harmony with the natural processes of the production system, and yet be responsive to social and environmental concerns, and economic reality. 相似文献
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The effects of fertilizers on potato chip color were studied over a period of 11 years. Yield and specific gravity data also were taken. Single element and compete fertilizers were used in randomized block and split plot experiments. Most of the work was done with the Russet Burbank variety but in some experiments the Kennebec, White Rose, Norgold Russet and Cascade varieties were also included. Specific gravity and chip color data were taken immediately after harvest. Effects of storage and reconditioning on chip color were recorded in some cases. Though statistically significant effects of N?P?K on chip color were found, the differences were small and of no commercial importance. Neither nutrient balance nor total amount of fertilizer used greatly affected chip color whether the tubers were harvested “immature” in July or in October after the vines were dead. The greatest effect of over-fertilization was on the specific gravity of the tubers. As amount of fertilizer applied increased, specific gravity often decreased which would reduce the amount of processed product per unit of fresh produce. Since most manufacturers of processed potatoes prefer high specific gravity tubers perhaps varieties should be grown specifically for the processing industry. Since proper fertilization did not have a commercially important effect on chip color but greatly increased the yield, farmers should fertilize for maximum production when growing potatoes for potato chips. 相似文献
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Intercropping potatoes in early spring in a temperate climate. 1. Yield and intercropping advantages
Summary Three experiments carried out in south-east England tested the proposition that solar radiation falling on the soii (‘wasted’)
until the attainment of a complete crop canopy by potato crops, could be utilized by intercropping with cabbages without detriment
to the potato yields. The cabbages were established by transplanting and harvested by the time the potato crop had achieved
a ground cover between 40–80%. However, almost without exception, intercropping reduced the economic yields of both component
crops. The land equivalent ratio (LER) varied between 1.01 and 1.78 and the partial LER of potatoes between 0.56 and 1.11,
suggesting only in the latter case was there complete absence of competition between the component crops. 相似文献