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以南极海域“南极海洋生物资源养护委员会”(the Commission for the Conservation Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 简称 CCAMLR) 48.1、48.2 和 48.3 亚区的南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)渔业兼捕所得 97 份南极鱼样品为研究对象, 经形态学特征分析和 DNA 条形码将其鉴定为南极鱼亚目 4 科 17 属 17 个有效种, 其中依据形态学特征只鉴定出 6 个物种, 其余 11 个物种则依据 DNA 条形码得到准确鉴定。可见, 在形态学鉴定经验不足或样品形态不完整的情况下, DNA 条形码可以有效的实现物种鉴定。继而, 分析了南极鱼类 97 条 DNA 条形码的碱基组成特征, 发现 GC 含量第一密码子最高且第二密码子最低可能为南极鱼亚目类群的特有现象, 但其生物学意义尚有待于进一步研究。将本研究采集的南极鱼亚目 17 种鱼类与 BOLD 筛选的 64 种鱼类的 DNA 条形码合并, 构建了南极鱼亚目 4 科 39 属 81 种鱼类的系统关系树, 这是迄今为止包含种类最多的南极鱼亚目鱼类分子鉴别和系统进化关系分析。遗传距离和系统关系树分析进一步证明 DNA 条形码对于南极鱼类物种鉴定的适用性与可行性, 另外还发现南极鱼亚目鱼类的个别物种其分子系统关系与形态学分类地位不一致。本研究结果证实了 DNA 条形码技术对南极鱼亚目分类群的识别效率, 弥补了传统形态学鉴定方法的局限和不足, 丰富了南极鱼类 DNA 条形码数据库, 为南大洋鱼类多样性与适应性进化研究奠定基础, 同时为南极渔业资源保护和可持续开发利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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南极鱼类DNA条形码及分子系统进化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用COI基因兼并引物对15种36个南极鱼类DNA进行扩增测序,并结合Gen Bank已有序列进行联配分析,对南极鱼2科22属43种共97条COI基因片段(539 bp)进行序列比较和系统发生关系研究,探索了DNA条形码技术在辅助鱼类物种鉴定和分类中的适应性与可行性。结果分析表明,43种南极鱼科和鳄冰鱼科的鱼类COI基因的平均碱基组成为T:31.9%、G:18.3%、A:22.2%和C:27.6%,具有明显的碱基偏倚性。南极鱼类的种间平均距离为0.157,种内平均遗传距离为0.002,种间平均遗传距离是种内平均距离的79倍;系统分析结果显示,除南极小带腭鱼(Cryodraco antarcticus)和罗斯海小带腭鱼(Cryodraco atkinsoni)外,其余的鱼类皆能够形成独立的分支,且与形态学分支一致。由此可见,DNA条形码对南极鱼亚目鳄冰鱼科和南极鱼科鱼类能够进行有效的物种鉴定,基于COI基因所建的NJ(neighbor-joining)树对物种分类具有较为准确的辨识力。系统发生关系表明,DNA条形码可以对除南极小带腭鱼(Cryodraco antarcticus)和罗斯海小带腭鱼(Cryodraco atkinsoni)外的南极鱼物种进行鉴定,不仅可以作为形态学的辅助手段为南极鱼分类系统的必要补充和佐证,并且可以用于探讨南极鱼类近缘种的系统发育关系。 相似文献
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海洋微塑料污染是全球性的环境问题，南极周边海域的微塑料污染问题是其中不可或缺的一环。目前关于南极微塑料的研究多集中于南极附近海水与企鹅粪便等，对南极海域鱼类体内微塑料研究较少。由于侧纹南极鱼是栖息于南极陆架海域数量最多的中上层鱼类，其在南极海洋生态系统中发挥着承上启下的作用，实验以南极南设得兰群岛周边海域侧纹南极鱼为对象，探究其体内微塑料污染情况对于养护该资源有着重要的意义。将南极带回的样品解冻并记录好生物学信息后，将其胃肠道部分取出。在60°C条件下，使用10%KOH在恒温摇床消解24 h以上，待溶液基本澄清后利用0.45μm的滤膜过滤。抽滤后置于体式显微镜下，挑出疑似微塑料，再使用傅里叶红外光谱仪定性检测，最后利用扫描电子显微镜拍摄微塑料的微观形貌。结果显示，南设得兰群岛附近水域侧纹南极鱼体内微塑料平均丰度为(0.36±0.51)个/尾。侧纹南极鱼胃肠含物中微塑料丰度与鱼类体长之间存在正相关。整体上，南设得兰群岛北侧侧纹南极鱼胃肠含物中微塑料出现的概率略高于布兰斯菲尔德海峡南侧，但整体上处于低污染水平。侧纹南极鱼体内微塑料类型分为纤维状和碎片状，以纤维状为主。微塑料颜色以蓝色为主，... 相似文献
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文昌鱼作为研究脊椎动物起源和进化的模式生物,由于缺乏自由循环的血细胞,关于其清除体内病原体的机制,迄今尚无报道。采用体内细菌清除试验、体外杀菌试验、特异性抗体抑制试验、抑制补体途径试验及Western blot方法,研究了文昌鱼体内细菌清除机制及动力学。试验结果表明,文昌鱼能有效清除入侵的异源微生物,体液对大肠杆菌具有较强的杀灭活性。补体和溶菌酶是参与清除入侵大肠杆菌的主要因子,通过替代途径激活的补体较溶菌酶作用更强,这是关于文昌鱼清除体内细菌机制及其相关因子的首次报道。 相似文献
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以目前国际主要数据库为数据源,采用文献计量分析法,研究了南大洋南极鱼类耳石研究的现状与进展。结果显示,1980年以前,南极鱼类耳石研究相对较少,而此后该领域的研究迅速发展。南极鱼类耳石研究成果主要发表于南极研究领域主流期刊。目前共有10目30科128种南极鱼类的耳石已被研究,研究最多的三个科为南极膝科(Nototheniidae,32种)、灯笼鱼科(Myctophidae,19种)和鳄冰鱼科(Channichthyidae,12种),但尚有部分南极鱼种耳石未被研究。南极鱼类耳石研究的范围基本上与其它鱼类类似,主要为年轮、微结构、外型及微化学等,有关耳石晶体结构及矿化等方面的研究较为缺乏。南极鱼类耳石研究仍局限在南极研究相对较为发达的几个国家,且国际合作相对较为缺乏。国际、单位及研究人员之间的成熟合作状况均相差11年左右,其中研究人员之间的成熟合作状况形成于1988年。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地鱼类生物地理学初步解析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
塔里木盆地与青藏高原地理位置邻近,但地形地貌、气候水文差别显著,而两地的鱼类区系组成却均以裂腹鱼和高原鳅为主。本文依据现代生物地理学研究方法,以裂腹鱼和高原鳅的起源与演化为线索,结合塔里木盆地的地质、气候变迁,探究塔里木盆地鱼类空间分布格局形成原因及过程,研究塔里木盆地与青藏高原两地间鱼类的关系。结果显示:中新世晚期至上新世末塔里木盆地出现的从外围山地向沙漠腹地流向的水文网雏形,使不同进化水平的裂腹鱼和高原鳅在以后不同的地质时期陆续随地表径流从青藏高原(昆仑山)、天山等塔里木盆地周边山地进入该盆地成为可能。扁吻鱼Aspiorhynchus laticeps(Day)、塔里木裂腹鱼Schizothorax(Racoma)biddulphi Günrher、叶尔羌高原鳅Triplophysa(Hedinichthys)yarkandensis yarkandensis(Day)、隆额高原鳅T.(T.)bombifrons(Herzenstein)和长身高原鳅T(Triplophysa)tenuis(Day)5种鱼类可能是裂腹鱼类和高原鳅类某些较为原始的类群在晚中新世-早更新世进入塔里木盆地,在地理隔离下,趋异进化适应辐射形成的物种。宽口裂腹鱼S.(Schizothorax)eurystomus(Kessler)、扁嘴裂腹鱼S.(R.)esocinus Heckel、厚唇裂腹鱼S.(R.)irregularis Day、重唇裂腹鱼S.(R.)barbatus Mcclelland、斑重唇鱼Diptychus maculatus steindachner、新疆裸重唇鱼Gymnodiptychus dybowskii(Kessler)、斯氏高原鳅T.(T.)stoliczkae(Steindachuner)7种鱼类可能发生在塔里木盆地周边的山地及青藏高原,第四纪陆续进入塔里木盆地。进入塔里木盆地的鱼类在环境的选择压力下、种间和种内的竞争中,受多重因子的共同作用,逐步形成近现代的区系及空间分布格局。塔里木盆地和青藏高原两地主要的鱼类起源的种类和时间基本一致,演化发生的地区地形、气候显著不同,形成了区系结构相似、种类组成各具地域性的特点。近50年来,受灌溉引水、筑坝发电等人为影响,塔里木盆地鱼类资源量迅速衰减,分布范围大幅缩小。 相似文献
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裂腹鱼亚科(Schizothoracinae)系统发育和适应性进化机制尚不明确,且祁连山裸鲤(Gymnocyprischilianensis)的分类地位尚存争议。本研究基于所有已公开的裂腹鱼亚科11属65种鱼类的线粒体全基因组序列进行分析,试图为阐明上述问题提供基因组学依据。结果如下:(1)系统发育。研究表明裂腹鱼亚科鱼类不是单系群,其分属于两个不同的支系,每个支系包含若干属种,其中原始类群的裂腹鱼聚为一支,特化类群和高度特化类群的裂腹鱼聚为另一支。(2)适应性进化。以裂腹鱼的分布海拔高度区间为划分标准,分为低、中、高3组,基于分支模型和位点模型的检测结果显示, 13个蛋白编码基因的ω比值都<1,均未检测到正选择位点。但是在氨基酸水平上, Atp6、ND2、ND3、ND4、ND5中均检测出正选择位点,正选择作用主要发生在呼吸链复合物I (NADH-泛醌氧化还原酶)中,线粒体呼吸链又是生物活性氧(ROS)最主要的来源,这可能解释了裂腹鱼亚科对高海拔缺氧环境的适应性进化机制。同时,分歧时间估算结果显示,原始类群裂腹鱼分化于3.200Ma前,特化类群裂腹鱼与高度特化类群裂腹鱼在5.97... 相似文献
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《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):61-70
No abstract available for this article. 相似文献
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Shun Watanabe Jun Aoyama Seishi Hagihara Bunpei Ai Rhodora V. Azanza Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(3):375-383
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis. 相似文献
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The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1). 相似文献
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Cludio C. Maretti Adriana R. Leo Ana Paula Prates Eliane Simes Ricardo B.A. Silva Ktia T. Ribeiro Leonardo Geluda Manoel S. Sampaio Fernanda F.C. Marques Anna C. Lobo Luís H. de Lima Leonardo M. Pacheco Warwick A. Manfrinato Antnio Q. Lezama Matheus T.P. Couto Paula M. Pereira Moara M. Giasson Paulo H.M. Carneiro Aldízio L. de Oliveira Filho Bernardo F.A. Brito Maurício S. Pompeu Guilherme F. Dutra Mara C. Nottingham Giovanna Palazzi Fabiana O. Hessel Andr L. Lima Bruna De Vita S. Santos Rodrigo Medeiros Marcelo M. Oliveira Mauro O. Pires Mnica Assad Mariana G. Pereira Marcelo R. Kinouchi Rosana J. Subir 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(Z2):44-70
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Charles C. Mischke Matt J. Griffin Terrence E. Greenway David Wise 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(2):288-292
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds. 相似文献
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Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species. 相似文献
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In an investigation of the potential for pearl production in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, changes in the physical and reproductive condition of the pearl oyster, Pinctada imbricata, were monitored for over 2 years. Using wild oysters gathered from close to the southern extent of the species' range in Port Stephens, NSW, a series of macroscopic and histological observations were made. Reproductive activity in P. imbricata was greatest from late spring to early autumn with oysters in poor reproductive condition during winter. Peaks in reproductive indices occurred in November 1998, March 1999, December 1999 and April 2000. Four indices of physiological condition were used: shell growth, byssal attachment, mantle thickness and mucoprotien layer. With the exception of the thickness and extent of the mucoprotein layer, these indices either showed little variation or the variation that occurred was not related to seasonal or reproductive changes. Changes in the mucoprotein layer were correlated with water temperature and suggest that this layer is metabolized during periods of high demand such as during gonadogenesis. Collectors deployed at two sites in Port Stephens demonstrated that spatfall occurs largely in the months of December and January following the spring and early summer peaks in reproductive activity (November 1998 and December 1999). Spatfall was not observed following the autumnal peaks (March 1999 and April 2000) in reproductive activity. Overall, reproductive patterns in P. imbricata are poorly suited to spat supply in Port Stephens. Farmers require spat in early spring (September) to allow maximum use of the ‘growing’ season (September–May). Reproductively capable oysters are not available from the wild until September and quantity of natural spatfall is too variable and occurs too late in the season (December–January). As a result, oysters are being conditioned in the hatchery in July, spawned in August and spat are supplied to farmers in mid September. 相似文献
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Brazilian wetlands: their definition,delineation, and classification for research,sustainable management,and protection 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 W. J. Junk M. T. F. Piedade R. Lourival F. Wittmann P. Kandus L. D. Lacerda R. L. Bozelli F. A. Esteves C. Nunes da Cunha L. Maltchik J. Schöngart Y. Schaeffer‐Novelli A. A. Agostinho 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2014,24(1):5-22
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