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1,5‐Diphenyl‐1‐pentanone (A) and 1,5‐diphenyl‐2‐penten‐1‐one (B) are natural products extracted for the first time from Stellera chamaejasme. Laboratory bioassay showed that the two products have strong contact activity and very good anti‐feedant activity against Aphis gossypii and Schizaphis graminum. Both products showed dose‐dependent relationships for both forms of activity against the two aphids, the contact activity of B being about twice that of A. Both products were inferior to methomyl in contact activity but superior in anti‐feedant activity against the two aphids. This is the first report of aphicidal activity in these two compounds, which may represent a new class of aphicide. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Shaukath A Khanum Sheena Shashikanth Syagadadu Giriyanna Sathyanarayana Siddalingaiah Lokesh Saligrama A Deepak 《Pest management science》2009,65(7):776-780
BACKGROUND: Finger millet is a major food crop as well as feed and fodder for livestock, especially in regions of southern India. A sturdy crop to fluctuating environmental conditions, it can be cultivated in all seasons of the year. Leaf, neck and finger blast caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc. and Bipolaris setariae (Saw.) Shoem, as well as leaf spot disease, Bipolaris nodulosa (Berk & M.A.Curtis) Shoem, are major production constraints in southern India. Apart from environmental conditions, the use of harvested seeds by farmers is a major reason for disease prevalence. Benzophenone analogues have been investigated for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, the most important applications of azetidin‐2‐ones are as antibiotics. Based on this information, the present study was conducted to explore the antifungal activity of integrated 2‐azetidinonyl and 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles moieties into a benzophenone framework. RESULTS: A simple high‐yielding method for the integration of heterocyclic rings, namely 2‐azetidinonyl, at the benzophenone nucleus has been achieved, starting from substituted 2‐hydroxybenzophenones under mild conditions on a wet solid surface using microwave irradiation. In the present study, an array of newly synthesised compounds, 2‐azetidinonyl‐5‐(2‐benzoylphenoxy)methyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles, were screened for their antifungal property against blast and leaf spot causing fungi associated with the seeds of finger millet, cv. Indof‐9. CONCLUSION: Two of the newly synthesised compounds showed promising effects in depleting the incidence of seed‐borne pathogenic fungi of finger millet. The suppression of Pyricularia grisea and Bipolaris setariae resulted in enhanced seed germination and seedling growth. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Design,synthesis, antiviral activity and three‐dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship study of novel 1,4‐pentadien‐3‐one derivatives containing the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety 
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下载免费PDF全文 Xiuhai Gan Deyu Hu Pei Li Jian Wu Xuewen Chen Wei Xue Baoan Song 《Pest management science》2016,72(3):534-543
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Changjun Chen Wei Zhao Yuejian Lu Jianxin Wang Yu Chen Hongxia Li Mingguo Zhou 《Pest management science》2009,65(4):413-419
BACKGROUND: A point mutation often confers resistance of organisms against medical drugs and agricultural pesticides. Allele‐specific nucleotide polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) and allele‐specific quantitative real‐time PCR using SYBR Green (ASQPCR) are widely and effectively applied to detect and monitor this type of resistance. However, the former is unsuitable for high‐throughput detection, and the latter often reduces the accuracy of detection. RESULTS: In order to decrease background amplification, a rapid and high‐throughput genotyping method with mismatch primers was developed (ASQPCR‐MP) and applied specifically to survey the frequency of the highly benzimidazole‐resistant MBCHR mutation (E198A) in the β‐tubulin gene of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary populations. Genomic DNA from 223 sclerotia was analysed. Similar genotype results were also obtained using ASPCR with mismatch primers and a mycelial growth inhibition assay. It was found that ASQPCR‐MP clearly differentiated MBCHR and benzimidazole‐sensitive MBCS phenotypes. Moreover, ASQPCR‐MP took less than 6 h to complete. CONCLUSION: ASQPCR‐MP appears suitable for large epidemiological studies involving resistant genotypes and requiring high‐throughout formats. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl is a herbicide used on cereals and in particular on rice, the degradation of which leads to several relevant metabolites. The herbicide is used together with an agronomic safener such as isoxadifen‐ethyl, which also generates some metabolites. The present work was aimed at developing and validating an analytical method for the determination of the above parent compounds and their main metabolites in the edible fractions of rice. Parent compounds were extracted in acetonitrile and determined by gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer detector, while metabolites were extracted in acetonitrile and analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The method was validated through recovery tests in rice straw, grain and plant: accuracy was in the range 76–86% and 90–103% for parent compounds and metabolites respectively. Precision, as relative standard deviation, was in the range 3–11% and 6–17% for parent compounds and metabolites respectively. The limit of detection was 0.01 mg kg?1 for each analyte, while the limit of quantification was set at 0.05 mg kg?1. CONCLUSION: The analytical method is suitable for quantitative determination of each analyte considered in rice commodities. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Precise hill‐direct‐seeded rice, which is both cost‐ and labor‐saving, is based on the direct seeding of rice by using a precision rice hill‐drop drilling machine. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea), also known as “red rice”, is a major weed in precise hill‐direct‐seeded rice, causing an ≤80% yield loss and a reduction in grain quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the control efficiency of weedy rice by pretilachlor (a pre‐emergence herbicide) and fenclorim (a safener) and their safety for precise hill‐direct‐seeded rice in two consecutive years. The amount of rice seed germination was accelerated by soaking the seeds in the safener at 0.67 g ai L?1 for 1 h before sowing. The pre‐emergence pretilachlor treatments were applied 2 days after sowing cultured rice. The inhibition of the shoot fresh weight of the cultured rice was reduced by 3.3, 6.4 and 7.4% with 450, 900 and 1350 g ai ha?1 of pretilachlor at 32 days after sowing (DAS) and that of the root fresh weight was reduced by 2.6, 4.9 and 8.1%, respectively. With fenclorim and pretilachlor in a precise hill‐direct‐seeded rice field in 2010 and 2011, the weedy rice control efficiency at 32 DAS was reduced by 100 and 98.0%, respectively. The pre‐emergence pretilachlor treatments that were applied at 2 DAS were much more efficient in the weedy rice control and less inhibitory to the cultured rice growth. The rice yield was increased by 26.1–26.7% in the mechanical precise hill‐direct‐seeded rice, relative to the manual‐seeding rice, with the application of fenclorim and pretilachlor. 相似文献
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Y. F. Chen W. Chen X. Huang X. Hu J. T. Zhao Q. Gong X. J. Li X. L. Huang 《Plant pathology》2013,62(1):112-119
This study combined the micro‐cross‐section cultural system with in vitro mutagenesis induced by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) to screen for fusarium wilt‐resistant lines of Brazil banana (Musa spp., AAA). The results indicated that the optimum EMS concentration and duration for the treatment of micro‐cross‐sections cut from the pseudostem of tissue‐cultured plantlet were 300 mm and 60 min, respectively. Under the optimal treatment, an average of 2·2 regenerated shoots were produced from each explant. One hundred regenerated plantlets were used for screening for fusarium wilt‐resistant lines by the early screening technique. The initial disease symptom – yellowing in lower leaves of susceptible plantlets – was observed 2 weeks after inoculation. After 2 months, only six plants survived – the putative fusarium wilt‐resistant lines. The fusarium wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, was identified in the preliminary test field by a SCAR marker technique. Of the six putative resistant lines, five survived the preliminary field test. The regenerated plantlets from these five fusarium wilt‐resistant lines were subjected to early screening again, where they showed markedly reduced disease incidences compared with regenerated plantlets of Brazil banana (control). It was concluded that EMS‐induced mutation of banana through the micro‐cross‐section cultural system is potentially useful for banana improvement. 相似文献
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The mononuclear nickel(II) complex bis(azido‐κN)bis[2,5‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐κ2N2,N3]nickel(II) protects tomato from Verticillium dahliae by inhibiting fungal growth and activating plant defences 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Hanane Zine Lalla Aicha Rifai Tayeb Koussa Fouad Bentiss Salaheddine Guesmi Abdelhakim Laachir Kacem Makroum Malika Belfaiza Mohamed Faize 《Pest management science》2017,73(1):188-197