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共生菌对褐飞虱生长发育和生殖的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对褐飞虱田间种群和生物型1在缺乏共生菌情况下取食不同抗性水稻品种后的生长发育和生殖的研究结果表明，取食抗性品种的褐飞虱体内共生菌数量均明显比取食感虫品种TN1的褐飞虱少，而取食抗性品种IR26、Mudgo和ASD7的2龄田间种群褐飞虱若虫的共生菌减少量均超过了50％。在感虫和抗虫水稻品种上，缺乏共生菌的褐飞虱若虫历期均显著长于正常若虫历期，若虫存活率、雌成虫体重、生长速率和产卵量均显著低于正常褐飞虱。正常的褐飞虱田间种群和生物型1在取食感虫和抗虫品种时的若虫历期均无显著差异，但缺乏共生菌的生物型1在取食抗虫品种Mudgo和ASD7时的若虫历期显著长于取食感虫品种TN1时的若虫历期。推测共生菌在褐飞虱适应水稻抗性品种的过程中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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褐飞虱和白背飞虱在抗褐飞虱水稻品种上的行为反应 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
以ASD7、IR36、粳籼89(JX89)、Mudgo四个抗褐飞虱水稻品种和感性品种TN1为材料,比较了褐飞虱和白背飞虱在这些品种上的行为反应。褐飞虱对抗性品种表现出明显的非嗜好性。褐飞虱自4h、白背飞虱自8h以后,各品种上的着虫量与TN1差异显著,而其它各品种上的虫量无明显差异(Mudgo除外)。白背飞虱选择各抗性品种的百分率明显大于褐飞虱(Mudgo除外);同一水稻品种上的稻飞虱数量无时间上的规律性。两种稻飞虱在抗性品种和TN1上的取食量差异显著。取食同一品种时,白背飞虱在IR36、JX89上的取食量大于褐飞虱,且相互间差异显著。两种稻飞虱在四个抗性品种上的取食痕数量明显多于TN1;两种飞虱在ASD7和JX89上的取食痕数量差异显著,白背飞虱的数量明显少于褐飞虱。在所有水稻品种上的取食痕数量与取食量呈明显的负相关关系。 相似文献
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褐飞虱利它素及其与水稻品种的关系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文主要研究了稻虱缨小蜂(Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang)寄主褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens(St(?)l))利它素的存在部位、抽提方法以及水稻品种对其蜜露中利它素活性的影响。结果表明:在褐飞虱的各虫态、蜜露及脱皮壳中均存在能引起稻虱缨小蜂触角搜索行为的接触性利它素;干燥蜜露中的利它素活性极显著地低于新鲜和湿润蜜露中的。用二氯甲烷、正己烷、乙醚、甲醇和丙酮均能有效地从褐飞虱若虫和雌成虫中提取利它素。水稻品种能对褐飞虱蜜露中的利它素活性产生明显影响。在测试的6个水稻品种中,取食浙852的褐飞虱蜜露中的利它素活性分别显著和极显著地比取食TN1和Nabeshi的褐飞虱蜜露中的高。 相似文献
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采用苗期群体鉴定法对供试水稻品种进行了抗性鉴定,在此基础上测定了取食不同抗性水稻品种的褐稻虱(Nilaparvata lugens)羧酸醑酶、酸性及碱性磷酸酯酶活力的变化。结果表明,取食感虫品种的褐稻虱若虫及第2代若虫体内上述三种酶的活力明显高于取食抗虫品种的;取食中抗品种的褐稻虱若虫三种酶的活力介于取食感虫和抗虫品种的若虫之间。这一结果与褐稻虱在不同抗性水平上水稻品种的存活率和发育进度是一致的。表明抗虫品种对褐稻虱具有抗生机制,从而抑制了虫体的正常生长发育。取食不同水稻品种的褐稻虱的羧酸酯酶米氏常数(Km)值无明显差异,但最大反应速度(Vmax)值差异极显著。取食感虫品种的 Vmax 值明显高于取食抗虫品种的。这表明取食不同抗性水稻品种的褐稻虱羧酸酯酶性质相同,差异主要是由于酶量的不同。 相似文献
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通过对抗性水稻品种IR36地上部分次生化合物的提取分离得到四种不同溶剂的萃取物。结果显示乙酸乙酯萃取物处理对褐飞虱若虫的活性最强。乙酸乙酯萃取物经柱层析分离得到白色针状晶体组分F4-1,分别测试了组分F4-1对褐飞虱若虫取食和褐飞虱成虫产卵的抑制作用。结果表明,组分F4-1对褐飞虱3龄若虫的取食有明显的抑制作用。在20μg/mL浓度时,褐飞虱3龄若虫蜜露分泌量明显减少,随着处理浓度的增加褐飞虱3龄、4龄若虫的蜜露分泌量均明显减少。在500μg/mL时,对褐飞虱3、4龄若虫的拒食率分别为68.95%和60.28%。在100和500μg/mL浓度时,褐飞虱3龄若虫的死亡率显著高于对照。组分F4-1在500μg/mL浓度时,对褐飞虱成虫的产卵有显著的抑制作用,产卵忌避率达91.03%。组分F4-1经气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,其成分分别是(3α,24S)-5-烯-3-豆甾醇、反式-5,22-二烯-3α-豆甾醇、菜油甾醇和(3β,22Z)5,22-二烯-3-豆甾醇乙酯。 相似文献
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为明确抗褐飞虱水稻品种Mudgo和感褐飞虱水稻品种TN1释放的挥发物中化学组分的差异,筛选鉴定对褐飞虱具有功能效应的活性化合物。本研究通过顶空动态收集装置获取Mudgo和TN1水稻的挥发物,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）筛选、鉴定水稻挥发物的活性组分,基于筛选鉴定出的Mudgo与TN1水稻挥发物中的差异活性化合物,采用Y型嗅觉仪对其进行功能验证。本研究在两水稻品种的挥发物中共筛选鉴定到52种化合物,其中Mudgo和TN1分别鉴定到27种,仅在Mudgo挥发物中存在的化合物有10种,仅在TN1挥发物中存在的化合物有15种。基于Mudgo和TN1水稻挥发物的差异活性组分鉴定结果,筛选出11种活性化合物进行功能验证。Y型嗅觉仪测定结果表明：低浓度（2μL/mL）的芳樟醇、高浓度（200μL/mL）的β-倍半水芹烯和水杨酸甲酯这3种化合物对褐飞虱具有显著的驱避作用,可发展用于褐飞虱防治的驱避剂;D-柠檬烯、β-石竹烯和高浓度的2-庚酮、2-乙基苯胺和姥鲛烷这5种化合物对褐飞虱具有显著的引诱作用,可发展用于褐飞虱防治的引诱剂。该研究可为褐飞虱的绿色防控和害虫综合治理提供科学数据和理论依据... 相似文献
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中国龙游和越南Omon褐飞虱种群特性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据褐飞虱对不同抗虫基因品种的致害和在不同抗虫基因品种上的存活率测定，中国浙江龙游种群以生物型Ⅱ为优势，越南Omon种群除有生物型Ⅱ的特性外还能致害ASD7、Rathu Heenati、IR36和Babawee等几个品种。短翅型成虫占总成虫比例，龙游种群17.1％，Omon种群76.1％。 相似文献
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Three Australian Sisymbrium orientale and one Brassica tournefortii biotypes are resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides due to their possession of an ALS enzyme with decreased sensitivity to these herbicides. Enzyme kinetic studies revealed no interbiotypic differences within species in Km (pyruvate) (the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half maximal) but a greater Vmax (the rate when the enzyme is fully saturated with substrate) for two of the resistant S orientale biotypes over susceptible levels. F1 hybrids from reciprocal crosses between resistant and susceptible biotypes of S orientale showed an intermediate response to chlorsulfuron compared to the parental plants. ALS herbicide resistance in S orientale segregated in a 3:1 (resistant:susceptible) ratio in F2 plants with a single rate of chlorsulfuron, indicating that resistance is inherited as a single, incompletely dominant nuclear gene. Two regions of the ALS structural gene known to vary in ALS-resistant biotypes were amplified and sequenced. Resistant S orientale biotypes NS01 and SS03 contained a single nucleotide substitution in Domain B, predicting a Trp (in susceptible) to Leu (in resistant) amino acid change. Two adjacent nucleotide substitutions (CC T to AT T) predicting a Pro (in susceptible) to Ile (in resistant) change in the primary amino acid sequence were identified in Domain A of resistant S orientale biotype SS01. Likewise, a single nucleotide substitution at the same site in the resistant B tournefortii biotype predicts a Pro (in susceptible) to Ala (in resistant) substitution. No other interbiotypic nucleotide differences predicted amino acid changes in the sequenced regions, suggesting that the amino acid substitutions reported above are responsible for resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in the respective biotypes. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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D S VOLENBERG P J TRANEL J F HOLT F W SIMMONS S C WELLER† A SHARKHUU† & D E RIECHERS 《Weed Research》2007,47(4):353-363
Glasshouse and laboratory experiments were conducted on acetolactate synthase (ALS) homozygous resistant Solanum ptycanthum biotypes from Illinois (IL‐R) and Indiana (IN‐R), and homozygous susceptible biotypes from Illinois (IL‐S) and Indiana (IN‐S). Genetic similarity of biotypes was assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, which determined that the Illinois biotypes are more similar to each other than to the IN‐R biotype. ALS enzyme activity from the IL‐R and IN‐R biotypes had I50 values of 362 and 352 μM imazamox respectively. Dose–response experiments using three‐ to four‐leaf‐stage plants of the IL‐R and IN‐R biotypes had GR50 values of 242 and 69 g ae ha−1 imazamox respectively. Whole‐plant and ALS enzyme results are different than previously reported values in the literature, which was attributed in the current study to the original IN‐R population having individuals that were segregating for ALS resistance. Metabolism studies showed no difference in percentage [14C]imazamox remaining between the IL‐R and IN‐R biotypes up to 72 h after treatment. The IL‐S biotype metabolised [14C]imazamox approximately two times faster than the IL‐R and IN‐R biotypes and this trait was heritable. Response of F3 plants containing homozygous ALS‐resistant alleles from the IL‐R biotype in a genetic background of 50% Illinois and 50% Indiana biotypes suggests that genetic factors other than an altered target site or metabolism may also contribute to the magnitude of resistance at the whole‐plant level in resistant biotypes. 相似文献