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R. Lebecka 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(3):233-240
Potato and tomato are the two major hosts for Phytophthora infestans causing late blight. The susceptibility of leaves and whole plants of Solanum nigrum, S. villosum, and S. scabrum to infection by P. infestans was tested under laboratory conditions. Out of 39 plants representing 38 different S. nigrum accessions, 16 were highly resistant (seven accessions did not show any symptoms of infection, nine were highly resistant
showing necrotic lesions in the place of infection), and 23 plants of S. nigrum were colonized by, at least, 1 of the 2 isolates of P. infestans (17 accessions were infected with two P. infestans isolates, and 6 accessions showed different reactions depending on the isolate used for inoculation). Three accessions of
S. villosum, and one accession of S. scabrum were tested and did not show any symptoms of infection. The majority of S. nigrum accessions infected by P. infestans in a detached leaf assay were also infected in the whole plant assay. The reaction of field- and greenhouse-grown plants
to inoculation with P. infestans in detached leaf assays was similar, but in some cases leaves from field-grown plants reacted as resistant in comparison
with the leaves from greenhouse-grown plants, which were susceptible. 相似文献
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A detection method specific for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the pathogen responsible for bacterial blight of rice, was based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and designed by amplifying
the 16S–23S rDNA spacer region from this bacterium. The nucleotide sequence of the spacer region between the 16S and 23S rDNA,
consisting of approximately 580-bp, from X. oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. alfalfae, X. campestris pv. campestris, X. campestris pv. cannabis, X. campestris pv. citri, X. campestris pv. cucurbitae, X. campestris pv. pisi, X. campestris pv. pruni and X. campestris pv. vitians, was determined. The determined sequences had more than 95% identity. Therefore, a pair of primers, XOR-F (5′-GCATGACGTCATCGTCCTGT-3′)
and XOR-R2 (5′-CTCGGAGCTATATGCCGTGC-3′) was designed and found to specifically amplify a 470-bp fragment from all strains
of X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolated from diverse regions in Japan. No PCR product was amplified from X. campestris pathovars alfalfae, campestris, cannabis, carotae, cucurbitae, dieffenbachiae, glycines, pisi, pruni, vitians or zantedeschiae, except for pathovars citri, incanae and zinniae. The method could also detect the pathogen in infected rice leaves within 3 hr, at a detection limit of 4×101 cfu/ml.
Received 17 December 1999/ Accepted in revised form 10 April 2000 相似文献
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The response of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of zucchini × scallop (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo ‘Murcia MU-CU-16’ × C. pepo subsp. ovifera ‘Scallop UPV-196’) to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica was determined after completion of a nematode reproduction cycle in experiments carried out in a growth chamber. The nematode differentiated the C. pepo genotypes at the subspecies level due to lower egg mass production on subspecies pepo than ovifera, and thus subspecies pepo was a poorer host than ovifera. In addition, Murcia MU-CU-16 discriminated M. incognita from M. javanica in terms of egg masses (EM), eggs per gram of root and reproduction factor (Rf), whereas Scallop UPV-196 did so in eggs per gram of root and Rf. The RILs differed in gall formation and EM production depending on the nematode × line combination. Comparisons between nematode isolates resulted in four significant combinations for pathogenic potential (galls/initial population (Pi) × 100), seven for parasitic success (egg masses/Pi × 100), and nine for host efficiency (egg masses/galls per root system × 100) which included all the lines tested against both isolates. Lines that restricted nematode development by at least 90% were considered as having intermediate resistance to M. incognita based on the definition of the International Seed Federation. They included lines 28-1, 35A, 107A, 110-3 and 153-2. All the RILs were susceptible hosts for M. javanica. The information presented here will be helpful for nematode management and also for plant breeders working on pathogen resistance on C. pepo. 相似文献
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Sylwia Magdalena Okoń Tomasz Ociepa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(3):711-718
The aim of the present study was to determine the virulence structure of powdery mildew of oats (Blumeria graminis DC.f. sp. avena) in Poland in the years 2010–2013. For this purpose, powdery mildew isolates were collected from three experimental stations in Poland. To assess the virulence of the isolates, eight oat varieties with different responses to the pathogen were used. The results showed that a significant proportion of powdery mildew isolates found in Poland overcame the resistance genes of varieties Bruno (Pm6), Jumbo (Pm1) and Mostyn (Pm3). In contrast, lines Av1860 (Pm4), Am27 (Pm5) and Cc3678 (Pm2) were completely resistant to all pathogen isolates involved in the experiment. Changes constantly occurring in the powdery mildew population perfectly reflect diversity indexes, which were the smallest in the first year of observation, where in the following years these parameters were significantly higher. It is worth noting that the presence of powdery mildew is seasonal and local, which is reflected in the prevalence of the disease in a defined area of the country. 相似文献
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本文介绍以邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯为内标，用气相色谱毛细管柱法检测Ｓ－氰戊菊酯与硫丹复本制剂的分析方法，得到其成效成分与内标和色谱峰分离完全，无杂质干扰，准确度与精密度均能满足定量分析要求，线性范围也很理想。 相似文献
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Marina Dermastia Dorian Dolanc Petra Mlinar Nataša Mehle 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,151(3):791-802
The plant parasitic nematode Longidorus poessneckensis found in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and the Slovak Republic was molecularly characterized. Mitochondrial genes encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4), the D2 and D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) rRNA were sequenced for 16 L. poessneckensis populations. Six haplotypes of COI and five haplotypes of nad4 were determined. Nucleotide intraspecific variation was up to 17.1% for the partial sequenced COI gene and up to 17.7% for the partial sequenced nad4 gene, the latter being the highest up to date known intraspecific variation in this genus. The analyses of multiple amino acid sequence alignments of mitochondrial genes revealed low variability (0–2.4%) for COI gene and high divergence (0–7.6%) for nad4 gene. Intraspecific sequence diversity for the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene was up to 1.2% and for ITS1 rRNA gene was up to 1.6%. It has been hypothesized, that during the Last Glacial Maximum, L. poessneckensis populations probably persisted in refuge areas in the Carpathian Mountains and subsequently expanding from these areas and colonizing other European regions. 相似文献
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Ibolya Ember Péter Bodor Zsolt Zsófi Zita Pálfi Márta Ladányi György Pásti Tamás Deák Diana Sárdy Nyitrainé Borbála Bálo András Szekeres Ottó Bencsik Xavier Foissac László Palkovics Jacobus Johannes Hunter György Dénes Bisztray 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(1):185-197
The Bois noir (BN) disease induced by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CPs) is common in European vineyards. Its damage has not been fully investigated, especially with regards to wine attributes. The impact of BN on yield, berry composition and wine characteristics of Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Chardonnay’ was therefore comprehensively characterized in a 3-year field experiment in Hungary, Eger winegrowing region. Additionally, the bindweed-related tuf-b1 genotype was identified to be involved in the BN pathosystem in the experimental vineyard. Infection of CPs tuf-b1 genotype resulted in severe yield loss, the average decrease in number of bunches and total yield per vine was 56.7% and 68.4%, respectively. Analyses of wines produced from grapes of BN infected vines revealed decreased alcohol, epicatechin and iron contents; and increased organic acids, titratable acidity, catechin and calcium contents. Sensory evaluation of these wines confirmed unfavourable characteristics, i.e. higher acidity, bitterness, and usually pinkish discolouration. Negative impact on berry composition and wine quality were pronounced in the vintage with favourable weather conditions for grapevine production, whereas the negative effects of BN infection were less prominent, even masked, in the vintages with unfavourable weather (wet and cool). To reduce BN-caused damage, the need for improved preventative and curative measures for BN disease is highlighted. 相似文献
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Aleš Lebeda Yigal Cohen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(2):157-192
Cucurbit downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is a devastating, worldwide-distributed disease of cucurbit crops in the open field and under cover. This review provides
recent data on the taxonomy, biology, ecology, host range, geographic distribution and epidemiology of P. cubensis. Special attention is given to host-pathogen interactions between P. cubensis and its economically-important cucurbit hosts (Cucumis sativus, C. melo, Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima, and Citrullus lanatus); pathogenic variability in P. cubensis at the species, genus, and population levels; and, differentiation of pathotypes and races. Genetics and variability of host
resistance and cellular and molecular aspects of such resistance are considered. A focus is given to methods of crop protection,
including prevention and agrotechnical aspects, breeding for resistance—classical and transgenic approaches, chemical control
and fungicide resistance. Novel technologies in biological and integrated control are also discussed. This review also summarizes
the most important topics for future research and international collaboration. 相似文献
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K. Hellrigl 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1998,71(4):65-68
Zusammenfassung An 2 Gracillariiden,Phyllonorycter robiniella undCameraria ohridella, wird gezeigt, wie rasch importierte Sch?dlinge sich ausbreiten k?nnen: Die RobinienblattmotteP. robinella wurde in Südtirol erstmals 1991 festgestellt und trat 1996 bereits in Massenbefall bei Brixen an Robinien auf.—Die Ro?kastanienminiermotteC. ohridella war hier erstmals 1992 im Pustertal bei Toblach festgestellt worden (Butin & Führer, 1994). Neueste Untersuchungen im Herbst 1997 zeigen, da? sie nun bereits im gesamten Eisacktal zwischen Franzensfeste und
Bozen an Ro?kastanien (Aesculus hippocastanum) verbreitet ist (Tab. 1); hingegen wurde im Etschtal südlich und westlich von Bozen bisher noch kein Befall festgestellt.
On the occurrence of the robinia-leafminer,Phyllonorycter robiniella (Clem.) and the horse-chestnut- leafminer,Cameraria ohridella Desch. et Dim. (Lep., Gracillariidae) in South Tyrol
The examples of two species of Gracillariidae,Phyllonorycter robiniella andCameraria ohridella, show how fast the expansion can take place: The robinia-leafminerP. robiniella was first noticed in South Tyrol in 1991 and an outbreak occured on False Acacias near Brixen, already in 1996.—The horsechestnut leafminerC. ohridella was first noticed in the Pusteria Valley near Toblach-Dobiacco, in 1992 (Butin & Führer, 1994). The latest research, of autumn 1997, shows that they are now distributed on Horse Chestnut Trees (Aesculus hippocastanum) in the whole Isarco Valley, between Fortezza and Bozen-Bolzano (Tab. 1), whereas in the Adige Valley at south and west of Bolzano no occurrence could be found as yet.相似文献
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Juan Carlos Ochoa-Sánchez Fannie Isela Parra-Cota Katia Aviña-Padilla John Délano-Frier Juan Pablo Martínez-Soriano 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(4):381-384
Mexico is considered to be one of the centers of origin of grain amaranth species. Recently, plants with abnormal anatomical
features were observed in experimental fields established in Central Mexico. The most noticeable symptoms, which consisted
of excessive stem and bud proliferation, mosaics and unusual coloration, suggested that they might be phytoplasma-induced
disorders. Thus, different accessions of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus and A. cruentus) plants were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis specifically designed to detect these pathogens. Two universal
phytoplasma-specific primer pairs were tested in a nested PCR assay, with primer pair P1/tint (followed by primer pair R16F2/R16R2). Further DNA sequencing analysis of the resulting amplicons indicated that these
phytoplasmas may be related to others already affecting important agricultural crops in Mexico, such as soybean. Data are
presented that disclose the etiology of these syndromes by the use of molecular techniques. To the best of our knowledge,
this finding constitutes the first report of a phytoplasma-related disease in grain amaranth. 相似文献
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G. H. Boerema Cilia J. M. Posthumus 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1963,69(3):200-207
Samenvatting Aansluitend op een vorige publikatie over de z.g. zwartbenigheid bij tulpen (Boerema, 1960) zijn in dit artikel nadere gegevens medegedeeld over deze ziekte en de veroorzakende schimmel. Een 23-tal bloembolgewassen zijn door uitplanting op zwaar besmette grond getoetst op hun gevoeligheid voor deze ziekte. Daarbij kon het typische ziektebeeld van de zwartbenigheid alleen worden verkregen bij tulpen en bolirissen. De uit de praktijk afkomstige stelling dat ook krokussen voor deze ziekte gevoelig zijn (Silver & Slootweg, 1959), kon niet worden bewezen.De kenmerkende eigenschappen van de sclerotiën vormende schimmel die deze zwartbenigheid veroorzaakt, zijn uitvoerig besproken. Daar de schimmel onbekend blijkt te zijn, is deze beschreven als een nieuwe soort:Sclerotium wakkerii. Deze schimmel is nauw verwant aanSclerotium denigrans Pape, die een zwarte verkleuring vanConvallaria-kiemen veroorzaakt (Pape, 1943).Summary After reference to an earlier paper on black leg of tulips (Boerema, 1960) the present paper gives further data on the disease and the causal fungus. Besides affecting tulips, the disease is also found in the field on bulbous irises. The disease symptoms are shown in figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.The susceptibility to black leg of 23 bulb species was tested in heavily contaminated soil. In agreement with experience in practice, only tulips and irises developed the typical black leg symptoms. In other bulb species a black discoloration of the dead membraneous bulb or tuber tunic was sometimes found, but no disease symptoms appeared above ground. This applied also to crocus, for which susceptibility to black leg in the field has been claimed (Silver & Slootweg, 1959).The black leg-fungus is easily isolated on cherry agar at 20 °C (fig. 5a), after treating the attacked tissue with a detergent and rinsing with tap water. Growth of the fungus was studied on malt agar, as this medium favours good and rapid growth. The relation between the growth rate on malt agar in the dark and temperature is shown in fig. 6. In the early stage a white flat mycelium is formed; later this turns brownish-black, secreting a typical dark pigment in the medium (fig. 7a and 7b). The hyphae (fig. 5d) vary in width from 1.8 to 7.5 , the walls being rather thick, 0.4 to 0.8 . The hyphae are often anastomosed and branched. After 2 or 3 weeks in culture the fungus develops brownish-black round or flattened irregular sclerotia 2–5 mm in diameter and 0.5–1.5 mm thick, consisting of a compact mass of hyaline hyphae surrounded by thick-walled dark coloured cells (fig. 5a and 5c). When the fungus is grown at low temperatures sclerotia sometimes develop in the aerial mycelium. These are always somewhat spherical and at first white in colour (fig. 5b). In an old culture of the fungus grown on malt agar microconidia formed in phialides were found in 1960 (Boerema, 1960). This has not been observed again, however, so possibly a contamination was concerned.The black leg fungus differs from all other known sclerotia producing fungi.1 It is therefore described as a new species,viz. Sclerotium wakkerii Boerema & Posthumus nov. spec. We take pleasure in naming this species after Dr.J. H. Wakker (1859–1927), originator of scientific work on bulb diseases. Living cultures of the fungus have been placed at the disposal of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures at Baarn (type culture) and at the Commonwealth Mycological Institute at Kew. Dried plate cultures were sent to the Commonwealth Mycological Institute at Kew and the Rijksherbarium at Leyden.
Sclerotium wakkerii closely resemblesSclerotium denigrans Pape, the cause of a black discoloration of the shoots of lily of the valley (Pape, 1943). However, the sclerotia ofSclerotium denigrans are considerably smaller than those ofSclerotium wakkerii. 相似文献