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Erika KAWASAKI Makoto HASEBE Ji-Hee HWANG Eun-Young KIM Kisup LEE Kunikazu MOMOSE Hiroki TERAOKA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(2):233
Red-crowned cranes Grus japonensis, which are an endangered species, have two separate populations, a mainland population in the Eurasian continent and an island population in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Island cranes showed three haplotypes (Gj1, Gj2 and Gj13), whereas ten haplotypes (Gj3–Gj12) were confirmed in captive cranes and stray cranes. We found Gj5 haplotype in feathers of two cranes as well as four new haplotypes in seven wild crane feathers collected in South Korea. We also found feathers in the nest in Sarobetsu Wetland in northwestern Hokkaido. While the haplotype of female-derived feathers was Gj2, that of male-derived feathers was Gj5. The results suggest that there has been crossbreeding between cranes in the island population and cranes in the mainland population. 相似文献
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Ten out of 42 (23.8%) white storks (Ciconia ciconia) admitted to two rehabilitation centers in central Spain had lesions caused by the trematode Chaunocephalus ferox in the small intestinal wall. Fourteen of the examined birds were adults, five were subadults, and 23 were chicks of various ages. Parasitation was 32% (n = 8) in chicks and 13% (n = 2) in adult birds, whereas no juvenile bird was affected. Among dead birds, stork chicks affected by C. ferox lesions had a lower body weight (2196.1 g, SD = 814.2) than storks without lesions (2965.8 g, SD = 742.9, P < 0.05). Two chicks were additionally infected with Salmonella subspecies I serotype enteritidis 1,9,12: g, m:1, 7. Prevalence of the parasite in the examined birds was lower than in a population of Asian open-billed storks (Anastomus oscitans), in which it was pathogenic due to the destruction of the tunica muscularis and formation of large granulomatous lesions in the wall of the postduodenal portion of the small intestine. Pathogenic alterations caused by C. ferox are presumed to be related to numbers of adults present. Because storks admitted to rehabilitation centers suffer stress due to various reasons that may lower their immune response and exacerbate existing infections, the analysis of fecal sediments of white storks admitted for rehabilitation is recommended. 相似文献
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王英树田秀华张冬冬马雪峰何相宝 《野生动物》2014,(1):69-74
2007年3月～2008年2月,在哈尔滨北方森林动物园,选2对健康的成年丹顶鹤,采用目标取样和扫描取样相结合的方法进行了行为观测,同时收取粪便提取激素,利用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定了笼养丹顶鹤粪样中睾酮、孕酮、雌二醇的浓度。试验结果表明：笼养丹顶鹤繁殖行为呈显著的季节变化,其对鸣、炫耀行为的高发期在3、4月（P〈0．05）,营巢行为在3月极显著高于其他月份（P〈0．01）,丹顶鹤的交尾行为集中出现在3、4月（P〈0．05）;繁殖期雄性丹顶鹤粪便中睾酮平均水平为（259．59±149．70）ng／dl,非繁殖期为（84．81±27．35）ng／dl,二者差异显著,繁殖期雄鹤求偶炫耀、交尾、卧巢等的发生频次与粪便中睾酮呈极显著相关（P〈0．01）,其对鸣、警戒以及营巢都与睾酮变化水平呈显著相关（P〈0．05）。繁殖期雌性丹顶鹤粪便中的孕酮平均浓度为（9．65±7。15）rig／m1,非繁殖期为（2．76±0．97）ng／ml,差异显著,繁殖期雌鹤粪便中的孕酮激素水平与其卧巢行为呈显著性相关（R=0．8848,P〈0．05）;繁殖期雌性丹顶鹤粪便中雌二醇平均浓度为（30．50±61．77）pg／ml,非繁殖期为（8．17±3．72）pg／ml,二者差异显著,繁殖期雌鸟雌二醇变化水平与其繁殖行为的相关性不显著（P〉0．05）;雌性丹顶鹤粪样中雌二醇激素的变化水平与其产卵时间有着较为密切的关系。 相似文献
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中国动物园圈养鹤类现状调查及分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道了中国动物园协会主要饲养鹤类会员单位的鹤类调查结果,目的是更好地了解中国动物园圈养鹤类的种群数量及目前会员单位鹤类饲养管理的现状、存在的问题与相关需求,从而提高鹤类饲养管理水平,最终形成健康的、可持续发展的种群。本调查于2011年8月向中国动物园协会120家会员单位发出了调查问卷,截止到2011年10月11日共收到中国动物园协会主要饲养鹤类的56家会员单位(包括动物园、野生动物园与自然保护区)的回复(回收率为46.7%)。在回复的56家单位中共饲养鹤类12种1 836只(8只杂交鹤除外)。种群数量比1997年增加了58.4%。近一半的单位认为饲养设施处于一般水平。近80%的鹤类向游客展出,并且大部分都采用成群饲养的展出方式。有85%的单位能够实现个体识别,更多的单位选择脚环和芯片标识鹤类。在人工育雏过程中,雏鹤的腿病和由于混养引起打斗而造成的外伤是存在的主要问题。疾病是造成全国圈养鹤类死亡的主要原因,其次是由于外伤造成骨折引起的死亡。各会员单位希望今后能够开展鹤类性别鉴定、人工育雏、人工授精的培训。根据本次调查结果,提出了8项建议。 相似文献
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Comprehensive hematologic and biochemical analyses were conducted on blood from 23 male and 31 female clinically stable captive mugger crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris). Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV), potassium, cholesterol, and calcium concentrations were significantly greater in juvenile males than in juvenile females, but no significant differences were determined between parameters of subadult males and subadult females. The mean WBC count and mean heterophil count were significantly higher in adult males than in adult females. Mean uric acid concentration was significantly greater in adult females than in males. Mean erythrocyte count was significantly higher in adults than in juveniles. Adult mean WBC and lymphocyte counts were significantly lower than those of both juveniles and subadults. Subadults had significantly lower mean eosinophil counts than both adults and juveniles. Subadults had significantly lower mean alkaline phosphatase activities than juveniles, whereas the adults had significantly lower aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities than other groups. Lactate dehydrogenase activities were significantly lower for subadults than for juveniles and adults. Cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher for subadults and juveniles compared with adults. Triglyceride concentration was significantly lower for subadults and highest for juveniles. Glucose concentrations were significantly higher for adults. Blood urea nitrogen was significantly lower for subadults than for both adults and juveniles. Uric acid concentrations were significantly higher for juveniles than for the subadults and adults. The subadult animals also had a significantly lower potassium concentration. The results obtained were then compared with known values for other crocodilian species. 相似文献
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Asano M Matoba Y Ikeda T Suzuki M Asakawa M Ohtaishi N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(3):369-373
Reproduction of feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan, was examined during a 2-year period by analysis of placental scars or fetuses in the uterus. Of 242 collected females, 69 (29%) were juveniles, 71 (29%) yearlings, and 102 (42%) adults. The pregnancy rate averaged 66% in yearlings and was significantly lower than the 96% average observed in adults (p<0.01). Litter size ranged from 1 to 7 offspring per female, and averaged 3.6 in yearlings and 3.9 in adults. There was no significant difference in mean litter size between yearlings and adults. In Hokkaido, the raccoon mating season peaked in February and the majority of litters were born between March and May, similar to patterns described in North America, but some females mated in summer. The reproductive potential of feral raccoons in Hokkaido was similar to that reported in North America. The recent increase in raccoon numbers can be explained by their high productivity. Harvest data suggest that hunting pressure on juveniles is lower than that for older age classes when using box traps in summer. In order to reduce the feral raccoon population, alternative hunting methods that increase juvenile mortality rates are needed. 相似文献
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Yoshimitsu Ouchi Vishwajit S. Chowdhury Takashi Bungo 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(4):280
This study aimed to investigate the effects of thermal conditioning and folic acid on the methylation levels of the avian brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoter region at the M3 and M9 positions in the early life of broiler chicks. In Experiment 1, male broiler chicks (day 3 of life) were orally injected with methyl cellulose solution with or without folic acid (25 mg). The chicks in the heat-treatment groups were immediately exposed to a high ambient temperature (40±0.5°C) for 12 h, while chicks in the non-heat treatment groups were left in the thermoneutral zone (30±0.5°C). The groups were as follows: 1) no thermal conditioning group without folic acid (control), 2) thermal conditioning group without folic acid, 3) no thermal conditioning group with folic acid, and 4) thermal conditioning group with folic acid. In Experiment 2, treatments were similar to those in Experiment 1, except for the usage of female chicks. After the treatments, the methylation levels of the BDNF promoter in chicks were determined using semiquantitative PCR. There were no significant differences between groups in the levels of methylation at the M3 position in both males and females as a result of thermal conditioning and folic acid treatment. Interestingly, significant effects of thermal conditioning and folic acid treatment on methylation at the M9 position were found. BDNF methylation levels at M9 significantly decreased following thermal conditioning, while folic acid suppressed demethylation in both male and female chicks. These data suggest that folic acid and thermal conditioning affects DNA methylation patterns in the central nervous system of chicks, regardless of sex. 相似文献
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Functional traits are an important aspect of long‐term breeding strategies for dairy cattle. In this regard, it is necessary to develop simple methods for estimating the economic value of herd life. In this study, the economic daily value of herd life was estimated when survival rate varied between ?0.05 and 0.05 from the basal survival rate. The extension days per survival rate were 26.5 days in Hokkaido and 20.3 days in other regions. The increases in values of annual income per day of herd life were 95.18 yen in Hokkaido and 101.80 yen in other regions. The relative economic weights of milk yield to herd life per genetic standard deviation were 0.668 in Hokkaido and 1.03 in other regions. Estimated increments in yearly profits based on young sire selection for herd life were 963 yen in Hokkaido and 1,030 yen in other regions. The estimated increments in annual profits based on young sire selection for milk yield were 1,268 yen in Hokkaido and 2,097 yen in other regions. Given that economic value was linearly correlated with herd‐life length, the linear regression coefficients between these factors could be used to estimate the economic value of herd‐life length. 相似文献
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Leucocytozoonosis caused by Leucocytozoon caulleryi is a significant disease prevalent in open chicken houses of southern and eastern Asia. L. caulleryi is transmitted by Culicoides arakawae, a blood-sucking vector. Leucocytozoonosis prevalence is influenced by vector population succession. Thus this examination was performed on a farm to investigate vector population succession and leucocytozoonosis prevalence in experimental chicks and to obtain the ecology data for assessing the prevalence. The findings were as follows: (1) C. arakawae adults might be highly host specific because they were rarely discovered on cattle or pig farms, and none of the experimental chickens were infected by L. caulleryi on those farms. (2) Identifying and counting gorged and gravid C. arakawae to assess leucocytozoonosis prevalence is a practical strategy. The critical vector index should be 5.0 calculated by dividing the smallest vector mean from the prevalent period by the largest vector mean from the population not causing leucotocytozoonosis. (3) Taking vector means from three or more collections each month, should be the best assessment of leucocytozoonosis prevalence because C. arakawae succession appears to have a 3-week periodicity. Hopefully, these findings will contribute to assessing leucocytozoonosis prevalence. 相似文献
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The effects of food supplementation on a population of Lemniscomys rosalia were studied experimentally in a grassland habitat in Swaziland. Food was added bi-weekly to two 1-ha grids, while a single 1-ha grid served as the control. Rodent traps were set monthly over a 12 month period. Food supplementation may have affected the density of L. rosalia, but did not affect any other features of the population. Breeding commenced in September and ended in April (males) and May (females). Recruitment of juveniles occurred between January and March, Adult mean body mass increased from a low in winter (June/July) to a high in late summer (February). The drop in mean body mass in autumn was due to the disappearance of heavy adults and entry of the lighter subadults into the population. Mean survival of L. rosalia was low; 81% of all captured individuals disappeared within four months. An unscheduled fire burnt part of the study area and hence allowed an assessment of the effect of fire on L. rosalia. The fire did not cause undue mortality of L. rosalia, however, burnt areas were avoided for three months until grass cover had sufficiently increased. 相似文献
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Abdelfattah H. Eladl Hamed R. Hamed Mostafa R. Khalil 《Veterinary research communications》2014,38(3):237-247
The consequence of cryptosporidiosis on the immune response of vaccinated chickens against Newcastle disease and/or avian influenza was studied by using 240, 1 day old, male, white Hy-Line chicks and divided into 8 groups and subgroups. Each group or subgroup was consisting of 30 chicks (15?×?2 replicates). The first and second groups were kept as unvaccinated control, G1uninfected and G2 infected. G3, G4 and G5 contained 2 subgroups A&B (G3A, G3B, G4A, G4B, G5A and G5B). Chicks of subgroup A were vaccinated only while chicks of subgroup B were infected and vaccinated. These chicks were orally inoculated with 5?×?105 oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi (C. baileyi) at 2 days of age. Chickens were vaccinated intraocular with live Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (Hitchner on day 7th and LaSota on day 17th of chicken life) (G3) or vaccinated by subcutaneous route with Volvac®- H5N2- AI vaccine on day 10 of chicken life (G4). Last group (G5) was infected similarly and vaccinated with ND and AI vaccines with the same day, dose and route of vaccination for each one. Random blood samples were collected for 3 weeks post-vaccination for investigation of humoral immune response against Newcastle and/or avian influenza vaccines by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The results showed that H5N2 vaccine at day 10 of chicken life is effective in chickens indicated by the geometric mean of HI titer against AI virus. The findings of this study showed that the infection with Cryptosporidia in the broiler chicken has a depressive effect on the immune status of the birds vaccinated against ND and/or AI vaccination. Moreover, the obtained protection rates against challenge with virulent ND virus observed to be parallel to the results of HI- test. Also, by using 2 different antigens (one commercial and field prepared antigen) to avian influenza virus, lower Geometric mean (GM) HI titer were appeared in infected and vaccinated group than vaccinated group only. A study of the relative lymphoid organs weight such as bursa of Fabricius from the experimental chicks indicated that those organs were comparable between the groups infected-vaccinated and vaccinated only. Non significant variations in final live weight between uninfected control and infected groups were indicated. Also, H5N2-AI vaccination at 10 days old did not affect the final live weight. ND and/or AI Vaccination could not be a substitute to application of good hygienic measures and fecal examination of the birds especially for protozoal diseases such as cryptosporidiosis. It could be concluded that cryptosporidiosis could be one cause of ND and/or AI vaccination failure in poultry farms. 相似文献
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Increasing herd‐life length and culling parity with increasing conception rate (CR) is necessary to increase lifetime profit from dairy cow production. Economic values of days open (DO) were determined by calculating changes in fertility traits, herd‐life length, and milk yield when the simulated CR were changed in increments of 1% from ?5% to 5% from the basal levels, which were obtained for Hokkaido and regions other than Hokkaido separately. When CR increased, number of artificial inseminations, DO, and milking length decreased. Furthermore, culling parity, and annual milk yield increased. Herd‐life length increased in Hokkaido and decreased in the other regions. The economic values of CR were 1,623.8 to 946.8 yen and of DO were 857.4 to 399.0 yen. Relative economic values of milk yield to days open per genetic standard deviation were higher in the other regions than in Hokkaido where the economic effect of selection for DO was expected to be equal to selection for 305‐day milk yield and herd life. If the survival rate of multipara cows in the other regions increases, then the economic value of DO would similarly increase in Hokkaido. 相似文献
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Rah H Chomel BB Follmann EH Kasten RW Hew CH Farver TB Garner GW Amstrup SC 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(1):7-13
Between 1982 and 1999 blood samples were collected from 500 polar bears (Ursus maritimus) captured in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella species, Toxoplasma gondii, and Trichinella species infections. The bears were classified into four age groups, cubs, yearlings, subadults and adults. Brucella and Toxoplasma antibodies were detected by agglutination (a buffered acidified card antigen and rapid automated presumptive test for brucellosis and a commercial latex agglutination test for toxoplasmosis); an ELISA was used to detect Trichinella antibodies. The overall seroprevalence of Brucella species was 5 per cent, and subadults and yearlings were 2-62 times (95 per cent confidence interval 1.02 to 6.82) more likely to be seropositive for Brucella species than adults and their cubs. The antibody prevalence for Toxoplasma gondii was 6 per cent, and for Trichinella species 55.6 per cent. The prevalence of antibodies to Trichinella species increased with age (P<0.001). 相似文献
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Sources of Salmonellae infecting broiler chicken flocks in Ontario were investigated from July, 1975 to April, 1976. Three broiler flocks were investigated on each of four farms which received chicks from a common hatchery. Samples of feed and new litter were preenriched in nonselective broth subcultured to Salmonella-selective enrichment broth and plated on Salmonella-selective differential agar.Samples of used litter, water, culled chicks, insects, mice, wild birds and environmental swabs were not cultured initially in the nonselective broth. Fecal samples from principal and occasional flock attendants were examined for Samonellae. Salmonella infection, as judged by contaminated flock litter was detected in six flocks on two of the farms while the flocks on the other farms remained negative. Salmonellae were isolated from 23 of 412 feed samples (nine serotypes), six of 35 new wood shaving samples (four serotypes), one of 29 pools of culled chick viscera (one serotype) and 44 of 267 used litter samples (14 serotypes). These results indicate that broiler chicken flocks were infected with diverse Salmonellae introduced in day old chicks, pelleted feeds, wood shavings and residual contamination from the preceding flock. 相似文献
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兴凯湖秋季丹顶鹤觅食生境初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
丹顶鹤属国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类。影响丹顶鹤种群的最重要原因是生境破坏，使丹顶鹤失去了生存基础，因湿地减少及人为干扰，丹顶鹤的野外种群已经极其稀少。本研究对兴凯湖自然保护区秋季丹顶鹤的觅食生境进行了研究。利用样方法对丹顶鹤觅食地的植被高度、植被密度、植被盖度、水深进行了测量，得到丹顶鹤觅食生境数据。根据对野外调查数据用方差分析以及平均值比较等数学方法处理，获得丹顶鹤最佳觅食地的植被高度为60～120cm，植被盖度低于75％，植被密度低于600棵／m^2，人类干扰距离大于500m。 相似文献
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The causes of morbidity and mortality in a population of cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) on an experimental farm in Gabon were monitored for 21 months; 94 of 546 animals (17.2 per cent) died and were examined postmortem, and complementary laboratory examinations were carried out on 23 of the cases together with samples from 13 other animals kept elsewhere in similar conditions. Twenty-six (28 per cent) of the deaths occurred in preweaned kits, 40 (42 per cent) in subadults and 28 (30 per cent) in adults. The average monthly mortality was 2.5 per cent. Trauma was responsible for 29 of the deaths, 12 were due to septicaemia, 10 to primary respiratory lesions, five to digestive disorders, four to urinary lesions, three to reproductive problems and three to other causes; no diagnosis could be reached in 28 cases. 相似文献
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Age-related changes of tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) of liver and brain, as well as plasma antioxidant capacity of broiler chicken cockerels were investigated. Tissue LPO was characterised by the spectrophotometric assessment of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Plasma antioxidant power was evaluated by the measurement of total antioxidant status (TAS). Newly hatched broiler chicks had similar TAS value (1.19 mmol/l) as newborns of mammalian species. Significant changes (p < 0.05) were observed in the time course of all parameters. Tissue TBARS concentration was higher in the brain than in the liver at hatching, while the latter organ was found to have more effective antioxidant defence during embryonic life. The concentration of TBARS increased up to the 10th day in the liver but only up to the 21st day in the brain, and the former was accompanied by an approximately 50% decrease of plasma antioxidant capacity. This suggests that the liver plays an important role in forming the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the blood plasma in broiler chicks. 相似文献