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1.
A 1-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented with a 4-week history of polydipsia that began immediately after an 8 metre fall. Trauma-induced central diabetes insipidus was suspected on the basis of the identification of hyposthenuria, normal haematology and serum biochemistry profile and unremarkable abdominal ultrasound examination. Failure to concentrate urine with water deprivation followed by production of hypersthenuric urine with administration of the synthetic antidiuretic hormone, Deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), confirmed the diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus. Treatment via conjunctival administration of DDAVP failed to attenuate the polydipsia, however, resolution of polydipsia was achieved with subcutaneous administration of DDAVP and the cat remains eudipsic with twice daily subcutaneous DDAVP administration 17 months after diagnosis. 相似文献
2.
Mellanby RJ Jeffery ND Gopal MS Herrtage ME 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2005,7(2):135-139
An 18-month-old female neutered domestic short hair cat was examined because of marked polydipsia and stunted growth following head trauma when it was 8 weeks old. Diagnostic evaluation revealed hyposthenuric urine, low concentrations of thyroid hormone and undetectable thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations which did not rise following thyroid releasing hormone administration. Lateral radiographs of the left and right tibiae revealed incomplete mineralisation of the greater tubercle and open physis. An almost empty sella turcica and a greatly reduced pituitary were visible on magnetic resonance images of the brain. A presumptive diagnosis of secondary hypothyroidism and central diabetes insipidus following head trauma was made. 相似文献
3.
Aroch I Mazaki-Tovi M Shemesh O Sarfaty H Segev G 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2005,7(6):333-339
Five cases of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) in domestic shorthair cats are described. All cats were under 3 years of age at the onset of clinical signs, and outdoor or outdoor/indoor cats, in which a prior trauma was either present or possible. The history included polydipsia and polyuria, and physical examination abnormalities included urinary bladder distention and dehydration. All cats had hyposthenuria with a urine specific gravity between 1.003 and 1.006. The diagnosis was confirmed by an observed inability to concentrate urine during a water deprivation test or compatible serum osmolality, followed by an increase in urine concentration after desmopressin administration. All cats in this report were treated successfully with oral desmopressin. The dose (25-50 microg q8-12h) and the response to therapy were variable. Oral desmopressin administration may serve as an effective alternative route for cat owners who find the conjunctival or nasal application of the solution an inconvenient mode of therapy. 相似文献
4.
Inge Durie Gaby van Galen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(2):1013-1017
This case report describes the clinical presentation, and the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of a 4-year-old gelding presented with severe polyuria and polydipsia. The horse was diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus. After diagnosis, different therapeutic regimens with intraocular desmopressin acetate (Minirin, Ferring GmbH, Kiel, Germany) (a synthetic arginine vasopressin analog) were tested, but without success. Only the subcutaneous injection of desmopressin acetate (Minirin, Ferring GmbH) led to an increase in urine specific gravity and a decrease in water intake and urine output. Daily subcutaneous treatment with desmopressin acetate (Minirin, Ferring GmbH) was initiated and maintained for at least 5 years. The horse did not develop adverse effects or re-occurrence of the initial complaints. This case report describes successful long-term treatment of central diabetes insipidus in a horse. 相似文献
5.
Abstract CASE HISTORY: A 14-year-old Cleveland Bay cross gelding was presented with severe urinary incontinence that had been present for 1 year, and chronic polydipsia and polyuria over 4 years. Water intake had been recorded as 240 L over a 24-hour period. CLINICAL FINDINGS: The horse had marked urinary incontinence and polyuria and polydipsia. The urine was markedly hyposthenuric, but no abnormalities on urinalysis were detected. There were no other abnormal clinical or neurological signs. Haematological and serum biochemical examinations showed no abnormalities and ultrasonographic and endoscopic examination of the urinary tract did not reveal any abnormalities. The horse underwent a modified water deprivation test and failed to concentrate its urine after 5 days. 1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) was administered I/V but the urine remained isosthenuric with a specific gravity of 1.010. DIAGNOSIS: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. A definitive cause of the urinary incontinence was not found but overflow incontinence was considered a possibility. CLINICAL RELEVENCE: Despite being a rare condition in the horse diabetes insipidus should be considered in cases of severe polydipsia and polyuria in mature horses. 相似文献
6.
Idiopathic neurogenic diabetes insipidus in a cat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SUMMARY A 5-year-old, domestic long-haired cat was presented for examination because of polydipsia, polyuria and inappropriate urination of 3 months' duration. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus was diagnosed, based on hyposthenuria with failure to concentrate urine in response to water deprivation and positive response to antidiuretic hormone administration. Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide or chlorpropamide orally gave inadequate antidiuresis, but response to injections of vasopressin tannate in oil was sufficient for satisfactory management. 相似文献
7.
Harold C. Schott II DVM PhD Warwick M. Bayly BVSc MS Stephen M. Reed DVM Duane F. Brobst DVM PhD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1993,7(2):68-72
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was diagnosed in two full sibling Thoroughbred colts. Each colt had a history of excessive urination. Extreme polydipsia (greater than 80 L per day) was documented in both colts. Inability to concentrate urine in response to water deprivation, infusion of hypertonic saline, or exogenous vasopressin administration indicated insensitivity of the collecting duct epithelial cells to vasopressin. A diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was further supported by a normal increase in plasma vasopressin concentration after water deprivation in the one colt in which such testing was pursued. 相似文献
8.
Simpson CJ Mansfield CS Milne ME Hodge PJ 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(10):787-792
A 6-year-old male neutered cat presented with blindness, lethargy, polydipsia, hyposthenuria and severe hypernatraemia. Central diabetes insipidus was demonstrated by means of a low measured anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) concentration in the face of hypernatraemia, and clinical response to supplementation with desmopressin. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a discrete mass in the region of the hypothalamus. The cat was euthanased and post-mortem histological examination demonstrated B cell lymphoma involving the brain, optic nerves, urinary bladder wall and diaphragm. To the authors' knowledge, this case report is the first to describe central diabetes insipidus caused by central nervous system lymphoma in the cat. 相似文献
9.
A case of diabetes insipidus is described in a two-year-old entire male short-haired domestic cat. The clinical signs included a marked polyuria associated with secondary polydipsia and a urine specific gravity of 1–005. Diagnosis was confirmed by water deprivation test and response to desmopressin. Treatment with chlorothiazide diuretics is also described. 相似文献
10.
J A Mulnix A Rijnberk H J Hendriks 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1976,169(12):1327-1330
A modified water-deprivation test was performed on 12 polyuric and 4 clinically normal dogs. Immediately after maximal urine osmolality had been achieved with water deprivation, antidiuretic hormone was injected to test further renal concentrating ability. The test provided accurate diagnosis of severe hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus in 3 dogs, partial diabetes insipidus in 2 dogs, and primary (psychogenic) polydipsia in 2 dogs. Five polyuric dogs with hyperadreno corticism had a response to the modified water-deprivation test similar to that of dogs with partial diabetes indipidus. 相似文献
11.
This case report describes the findings in a seven-month-old heifer with diabetes insipidus attributable to internal hydrocephalus. The heifer was referred to the clinic because of reduced appetite, polydipsia, decreased faecal output and weight loss. The heifer was examined daily for 8 days. She was thin and weak and had a dull dry hair coat and decreased appetite. The heifer urinated frequently; the urine was clear and yel low, had a specific gravity of 1.015. A complete blood cell count, biochemical profile and blood gas analysis revealed increased serum urea, increased serum creatinine, hypernatraemia, hyperchloraemia, hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia. The heifer received 10 litres of water and 3 litres of ruminal fluid from a healthy cow per os daily for 5 days. The heifer had access to fresh water ad libitum. The general condition of the heifer did not improve after this treatment. Although the concentration of serum urea and creatinine decreased, the concentrations of sodium, chloride and calcium remained higher than normal. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of diabetes insipidus was made and the heifer was euthanatized. Postmortem examination revealed severe internal hydrocephalus, and a definitive diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus attributable to internal hydrocephalus was made. 相似文献
12.
van Vonderen IK 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2004,129(22):751-755
Polyuria and polydipsia (PUPD) occur frequently in dogs and may be caused by a variety of endocrine, metabolic, and renal disturbances. The studies described in this PhD Thesis, which was defended in January 2004 in Utrecht, investigated the role of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (VP) in the pathogenesis of different forms of canine polyuria. Experiments in healthy dogs demonstrated that the ranges of urine specific gravity and urine osmolality are much larger than previously thought. A water deprivation test is not required in all polyuric dogs, because serial measurements of urine osmolality may already lead to the diagnosis of primary polydipsia, in some cases. In dogs with primary polydipsia a wide variation in VP responses to hypertonic stimulation can be found, including a hyperresponse, a hyporesponse, and a non-linear response. The significance of the VP response to hypertonic saline infusion as the 'gold standard' for a diagnosis of canine polyuria is discussed. In the dog, VP is secreted in a pulsatile fashion with a wide variation in the number of VP pulses, VP pulse duration, and VP pulse amplitude and height. The occurrence of spontaneous VP pulses may severely hamper the interpretation of the curve describing the relationship between plasma osmolality and plasma VP concentration during osmotic stimulation. A radioimmunoassay to measure the VP-dependent water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in urine was developed in dogs. In healthy dogs, urinary AQP2 excretion closely reflects changes in collecting duct exposure to VP. Measurement of urinary AQP2 excretion in polyuric dogs may be helpful to distinguish between central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and primary polydipsia. 相似文献
13.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was diagnosed in a dog with an intestinal leiomyosarcoma. The diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was made on the basis of results of serum biochemical tests, urinalyses, and a water-deprivation test, along with a lack of response to exogenous administration of vasopressin following the water-deprivation test. The temporal association between resection of the intestinal mass and resolution of clinical signs of diabetes insipidus (i.e., polyuria and polydipsia) and between recurrence of clinical signs and detection of metastatic disease suggests that there may have been a causal relationship, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may have developed as a paraneoplastic syndrome in this dog. 相似文献
14.
R Nichols 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2001,31(5):833-44, v
Primary disorders of water balance (central diabetes insipidus [DI], nephrogenic DI, and psychogenic polydipsia) should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of polyuria and polydipsia. In general, animals with these disorders have only one laboratory abnormality: a low urine specific gravity. In most instances, the more common causes of polyuria and polydipsia (e.g., hyperadrenocorticism, chronic renal failure, pyelonephritis, pyometra) have specific and obvious abnormalities associated with the complete blood cell count, the serum chemistry profile, and urinalysis. In some cases, however, a low urine specific gravity may be the only abnormality associated with these more common findings. The workup for polyuria and polydipsia can be tedious, time-consuming, expensive, confusing, and not without significant patient morbidity, especially in those cases with normal or near-normal blood work. This article focuses on the diagnostic approach and problems associated with diagnostic testing in patients with disorders of water balance. 相似文献
15.
Cohen M Post GS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(5):510-517
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by an inability of the kidney to concentrate urine despite adequate concentration of vasopressin in blood and is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, and hyposthenuria in the presence of plasma hyperosmolality. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is the result of defects in water homeostasis in the kidney. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys cannot or do not respond to vasopressin. There are 2 categories of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a rare, inherited, irreversible cause of polyuria and polydipsia in humans that is even rarer in animals. Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is more common and is often secondary to illness or medication that interferes with the action of vasopressin in the renal tubules. Unlike congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, acquired or secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is often reversible with correction of the associated or causative problem. 相似文献
16.
This report describes a German shepherd dog that was presented with proportionate dwarfism and coat changes typical of hypopituitarism but that was also profoundly polydipsic and polyuric. Investigations established a diagnosis of concurrent central diabetes insipidus. Treatment with desmopressin was successful in managing the polyuria and polydipsia. 相似文献
17.
Diagnostic approach to polydipsia and polyuria 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E C Feldman R W Nelson 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1989,19(2):327-341
A variety of metabolic disturbances account for the majority of cases of polydipsia and polyuria. This chapter presents guides to differential diagnosis as well as a discussion of the etiology and clinical features of the primary causes--central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and psychogenic polydipsia. 相似文献
18.
Partial deficiency of antidiuretic hormone in a cat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
W A Rogers H Valdez B C Anderson C Comella 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1977,170(5):545-547
Marked polydipsia and polyuria developed subsequent to trauma in a 1 1/2-year-old male Abyssinian cat. Diabetes insipidus was suspected, inasmuch as intramuscualr vasopressin administration resulted in amelioration of polydipsia and polyuria. However, hypertonic (3%) saline solution given intravneously resulted in anuria, an indication of antidiuretic hormone activity. Polyuria and polydipsia were abolished by oral chlorpropamide therapy, which was indirect evidence for partial deficiency of antidiuretic hormone. 相似文献
19.
Traumatic hypopituitarism was diagnosed in an 11-month-old male neutered cat. The presenting complaints were polydipsia, polyuria and lethargy of three months' duration. Craniocerebral trauma, as a result of a road traffic accident, had preceded the onset of clinical signs by six weeks. Neurological examination revealed right-sided mydriasis, reduced visual and tactile left forelimb placing reflexes and decreased proprioception in both the left fore- and hindlimb. Initial laboratory findings included hypernatraemia, hyperchloraemia, mild azotaemia, eosinophilia and isosthenuria. Low basal cortisol, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and insulin growth factor-1 were noted. Subsequent to treatment with prednisolone, a water deprivation test confirmed the presence of central diabetes insipidus and therapy with synthetic antidiuretic hormone successfully ameliorated the polydipsia. 相似文献
20.
Prophylactic efficacy of desmopressin acetate for diabetes insipidus after hypophysectomy in the dog 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hara Y Masuda H Taoda T Hasegawa D Fujita Y Nezu Y Tagawa M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(1):17-22
The prophylactic efficacy of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) on diabetes insipidus (DI) after hypophysectomy was investigated in the dog. In the control group, hypernatremia with a plasma level of 155 mEq/l or higher persisted for 12 hr from the 4th to the 16th hour after hypophysectomy, and symptoms of DI developed within five days after surgery. In the DDAVP treatment group, these changes were not observed, showing that administration of DDAVP (4 microg, installation, twice daily) effectively prevented hypernatremia that develops immediately after surgery and DI-like symptoms that persists for about one week after surgery. 相似文献