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不同培养基、pH值、水势和温度对2种外生菌根真菌生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在不同培养基、pH值、水势及温度条件下,研究了沙地樟子松林下2种常见外生菌根真菌松乳菇和高大环柄菇的生长。结果表明,在所选择的培养基上,2种菌株都能生长;高大环柄菇对pH值适应范围较广,在中性条件下生长最好,松乳菇在弱酸性条件下生长较好;温度对菌株生长影响较大,2种菌株最适生长温度范围均为25~28℃;极端水势条件下(-1500kPa),高大环柄菇和松乳菇均不能生长,低胁迫(-170kPa,-230kPa)能促进高大环柄菇和松乳菇的生长。 相似文献
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本文研究了Boletus griseus Frost.(灰盖牛肝菌),Boletus sp.和Suillus grevillei (Klotz.) Sing. (厚环乳牛肝菌)3株菌根菌在纯培养条件下对温度、pH、盐浓度和水势等4个因子的生态适应性以及同油松和湿地松纯培养合成菌根的能力。结果表明,pH和盐浓度对菌根菌生长的影响比较小,而温度和水势则对真菌的生长具有很大的影响。其中B.sp.与S.grevillei具有很强的生态适应能力,而B.griseus则稍差。此外,结果还表明PEG4000可能会促进菌根菌在液体培养中的生长。在菌根纯培养合成研究中,共形成5种菌根,其中油松-B.griseus属新发现的外生菌根。5种菌根中,以油松-S.grevillei和湿地松-B.griseus较为理想。 相似文献
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马尾松外生菌根菌的培养和育苗效应研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
对彩色豆马勃、厚环乳牛肝菌、血红铆钉菇等７株菌根菌株在４种培养基、３种温度梯度下的生长状况和马尾松苗期接种效果进行研究。结果表明：改良麦芽汁培养基是外生菌根菌的适宜培养基；彩色豆马勃适应力强，明显促进马尾松苗期生长，菌根感染率高，但各菌株之间存在差异；厚环乳牛肝菌不适宜马尾松的苗期生长。 相似文献
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Pt菌根剂在湿地松育苗中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湿地松是对外生菌根专一性极强的树种,在自然条件下,没有外生菌根真菌与其共生便生长不良,往往导致育苗失败。由中国林科院开发推广的Ｐｔ(Ｐｉｓｏｌｉｔｈｕｓｔｉｎｃｔｏｒｉｕｓ彩色豆马勃)优良菌株,是与松类共生的最适外生菌,利用其培育的菌根化苗木,能有效地提高苗... 相似文献
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对华美牛肝菌(Boletus edulis,504)、黄豹斑鹅膏(Amanita pantherina,EG)、黄色须腹菌(Rhizipogen luteous,HX)、彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius,Pt2)等4种优良外生菌根真菌进行了生长速度、培养特性及其生长规律的比较研究,以确定各种优良菌根真菌的最适生长条件。 相似文献
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为在日本落叶松育苗和造林中科学应用外生菌根技术,研究了日本落叶松的根际外生菌根真菌群落组成。2012年和2013年共采集了40份日本落叶松根系样本,通过形态特征检测到55种外生菌根形态型,ITS序列分析显示共28种外生菌根真菌与日本落叶松根系共生。其中,土生空团菌是日本落叶松根系外生菌根真菌群落的优势物种,在95%的土壤样本中均检测到,占根尖总数的34.8%;Russula sp.3(编号),Sebacina sp.2,Tomentella sp.1,Russula sp.2和Sebacina sp.1是常见种;其余14个分类单元是稀有种。 相似文献
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Maman?Turjaman Yutaka?Tamai Hendrik?Segah Suwido Hester?Limin Joo Young?Cha Mitsuru?Osaki Keitaro?Tawaraya
Trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae are the dominant trees in Southeast Asian tropical forests where they play an important ecological role and are also important commercially. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the growth of dipterocarp species in peat soils. Seedlings of Shorea pinanga were inoculated with spores of two ectomycorrhizal fungi, Pisolithus arhizus and Scleroderma sp. were grown in pots containing sterilized peat soil for 7 months. The percentage of ectomycorrhizal colonization on S. pinanga exceeded 86%. Colonization of S. pinanga roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi resulted in increased shoot height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and shoot fresh and dry weight. Survival rates of S. pinanga were greater for inoculated seedlings than control seedlings. These results suggest that inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi can improve the early growth of S. pinanga grown in tropical forests and that this technique will accelerate the rehabilitation of degraded dipterocarp forests. 相似文献
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Inoculation with edible fungi bestows an added value on mycorrhized plants since production of mushrooms as a secondary crop
can be an economically-valuable resource in forestry management. In order to establish a protocol for controlled mycorrhization
of Pinus halepensis with the edible fungus Lactarius deliciosus, several factors such as fertilisation (35, 60 or 120 mg total N and 13.5, 27 or 54 mg total P), potting substrate (sphagnum
peat or sphagnum peat/vermiculite) and fungal inoculum (mycelial slurry produced in a bioreactor, alginate beads or peat/vermiculite)
were assessed. The most effective inoculum was mycelial slurry at a dose of 10 ml/plant. The two potting substrates assessed
were compatible with mycorrhiza formation. The greatest number of mycorrhized seedlings was obtained with a moderate level
of N (35 mg/plant) or P fertilisation (27 mg/plant). Inoculation did not produce a consistent growth effect on P. halepensis, but seedlings met the quality requirements, making them suitable for planting out. 相似文献
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Pinus tabulaeformis (Chinese pine) is a widely planted conifer species in northern China and is used for soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau. Due to its strong reliance on ectomycorrhizae and low survival rate from damping-off during seedling cultivation and in nurseries, we explored the early influence of three ectomycorrhizal fungi (Handkea utriformis, Suillus lactifluus, and Suillus tomentosus) on the growth, root morphological characters, root vitality, and survival of P. tabulaeformis seedlings from subsequent damping-off in a pot experiment. In addition, the in vitro suppression of three ectomycorrhizal fungi on the damping-off pathogen (Fusarium solani) was evaluated and observed using a scanning electron microscope. We found that all three ectomycorrhizal fungi could colonize more than 40% of the roots of P. tabulaeformis, promote plant shoot and root growth, increase the proportion of large-diameter roots, improve root vitality, and increase survival rates 3 months after inoculation. All three ectomycorrhizal fungi suppressed the growth of F. solani to a different extent in vitro. Ectomycorrhizal fungal hyphae proliferated and wrapped around the hyphae of F. solani when the hyphae encountered each other. The colonization rate of P. tabulaeformis roots was highly correlated with root vitality and root growth parameters, while the survival rate of P. tabulaeformis seedlings was highly correlated with the colonization rate of P. tabulaeformis roots, root vitality and growth. Our results suggest that early contact between P. tabulaeformis and ectomycorrhizal fungi could improve plant growth and resistance against damping-off. 相似文献
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This study evaluated oxalic acid accumulation and bioremediation of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood by three brown-rot fungi Fomitopsis palustris, Coniophora puteana, and Laetiporus sulphureus. The fungi were first cultivated in a fermentation broth to accumulate oxalic acid. Bioremediation of CCA-treated wood was then carried out by leaching of heavy metals with oxalic acid over a 10-day fermentation period. Higher amounts of oxalic acid were produced by F. palustris and L. sulphureus compared with C. puteana. After 10-day fermentation, oxalic acid accumulation reached 4.2 g/l and 3.2 g/l for these fungi, respectively. Fomitopsis palustris and L. sulphureus exposed to CCA-treated sawdust for 10 days showed a decrease in arsenic of 100% and 85%, respectively; however, C. puteana remediation removed only 18% arsenic from CCA-treated sawdust. Likewise, chromium removal in F. palustris and L. sulphureus remediation processes was higher than those for C. puteana. This was attributed to low oxalic acid accumulation. These results suggest that F. palustris and L. sulphureus remediation processes can remove inorganic metal compounds via oxalic acid production by increasing the acidity of the substrate and increasing the solubility of the metals.An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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The influence of Desert False Indigo, Amorpha fruticosa, on the growth of Populus ussuriensis seedlings inoculated with three arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, Glomus sinuosa) was studied using the nylon net method. The results showed that all three AM fungi infected P. ussuriensis seedlings and G. intraradices and also G. mosseae infected A. fruticosa. The AM fungi promoted growth of P. ussuriensis and Desert False indigo seedlings. Moreover, under co-cultivation with A. fruticosa, the biomass of P. ussuriensis increased significantly. The concentration of nitrogen in P. ussuriensis grown with A. fruticosa and the concentration of soluble nitrogen in the rhizosphere were also higher than when grown alone. Hypha were found on
the two plant seedlings inoculated with G. mosseae and G. intraradices, suggesting that AM fungi may transport nutrients from seedlings of A. fruticosa to the rhizosphere of P. ussuriensis seedlings, which may have promoted the growth of P. ussuriensis. The AM fungi played a critical role on the effect of A. fruticosa on growth of P. ussuriensis. 相似文献
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• Introduction
Laricio pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arn. ssp. laricio (Poiret) Maire var Corsicana Hyl.) is a form of black pine endemic to Corsica, that may now be under threat due to current fire regimes and competition with maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton). 相似文献17.
Andrea van Heerden Niel J. le Roux Jan Swart Tim Rypstra Sugnet Gardner-Lubbe Alfred Botha 《Wood Science and Technology》2011,45(2):237-248
Chemical alterations following inoculation of Acacia mearnsii, Eucalyptus dunnii, E. grandis, and E. macarthurii with a Pycnoporus sanguineus/Aspergillus flavipes co-culture were investigated. Several wood chemical parameters were measured using standard methods from the pulp and paper
industry. The data were described and analyzed using univariate as well as multivariate statistical techniques. Boxplots and
in particular biplots show clearly how the chemical composition of each tree species was differently affected by the co-culture.
Lignin content was significantly decreased in A. mearnsii, while E. dunnii showed a decrease in cellulose content. The results, therefore, indicate that the manner in which wood is degraded by a specific
fungal co-culture depends on the tree species involved. This phenomenon should be considered when selecting fungi for bio-pulping. 相似文献
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Masabumi Komatsu Jounga Son Norihisa Matsushita Taizo Hogetsu 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(2):132-136
Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), is a major threat to pine forests throughout East Asia. Nonetheless, its mechanism of invasion has not yet been described
in detail. To better understand the pathology of this disease, it is important to examine the distribution of PWNs within
pine tissue during the course of disease development. We attempted to stain nematodes with fluorescein-conjugated wheat germ
agglutinin (F-WGA) as a means to locate and track the spread of PWNs. Although PWNs proliferated on Botrytis cinerea fungus were successfully stained only on their vulvas and spicule holes, PWNs extracted from inoculated Pinus thunbergii seedlings were stained on their surface. Stainability, or the percentage of PWNs stained with F-WGA over more than half of
their surface, was about 20% by 1 day after inoculation, but increased to 80% at 10 days. The stainability of PWNs extracted
from a 5-cm main stem segment that included the inoculation site was less than that of PWNs extracted from other parts of
the main stem farther away (i.e., those that had dispersed). These results suggest that stainability is related to dispersal
activity in time. Thus, to raise the stainability of PWNs at shorter timeframes after inoculation, PWNs with more than 80%
stainability were re-inoculated into pine seedlings. This resulted in more than 70% stainability from 1 to 6 days after inoculation.
In F-WGA stained thin paraffin sections of pine tissue of re-inoculated seedlings, PWNs brightly fluoresced under epifluorescence
and were easily detected against the dark background of pine tissue. This staining technique with F-WGA is an excellent tool
for detecting PWNs in pine tissue. 相似文献
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Ophiostoma species were isolated from bark beetles and Abies mariesii, A. veitchii and A. homolepis attacked by the beetles in Nikko, Tochigi, central Honshu, Japan. One to two Ophiostoma species were frequently isolated from each species of bark beetle. Ophiostoma subalpinum was the most common associate of Cryphalus montanus. Ophiostoma sp. B as well as O. subalpinum was a common fungus associated with Polygraphus proximus. Ophiostoma europhioides was isolated from Dryocoetes hectographus and D. autographus as one of the common associates. Ophiostoma sp. J and Ophiostoma sp. S were frequently isolated from D. autographus and D. striatus, respectively. These fungi seem to have specific relationships with particular bark beetles. Ophiostoma sp. B, Ophiostoma sp. J and Ophiostoma sp. S have unique morphological characteristics and appear to be new species. Five trees of A. veitchii, approximately 43 years old, were inoculated with five Ophiostoma species to assess the relative virulence of the fungi. Ophiostoma subalpinum, Ophiostoma sp. B, and O. europhioides had relatively higher virulence than the other species studied. 相似文献
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The insecticidal activity of an entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria farinosa on pine bark-weevil (Pissodes punctatus) at different life stages underwent laboratory testing. Larvae, pupae and adults of Pissodes punctatus were exposed to a range of concentrations of fungal conidia in suspension for 5 s; mean mortality and LC50 values were calculated. The results showed I. farinosa can effectively infect larvae, pupae and adult pine bark-weevils, and the highest mean mortalities at each life stage can
exceed 88%. The mean mortalities increased with higher concentrations of I. farinosa. Larvae were most susceptible with LC50 1.2 × 106 conidia ml−1 (15 days), pupae (30 days) exhibited the second largest effects, and adults (15 days) with LC50 1.72 × 106 and 1.99 × 106 conidia ml−1, respectively, at end of the experiments. This suggests that I. farinosa could be a potential bio-control agent against the pine bark-weevil. 相似文献