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为了充分发挥和利用3S技术、生长模型和管理知识模型的优势,探索适合中国国情的精准农业关键技术集成方法及应用模式,以软件开发方法论为指导,充分结合小麦生长模型、管理知识模型和3S技术,应用ASP.NET和C#开发Web应用程序,建立了基于模型和3S技术的网络化数字麦作系统.该系统以品种、气候、土壤及生产条件等为基本输入,具有麦作区划、栽培方案设计、模拟预测、策略分析、动态调控、生长监测、精确麦作、生产力评价、病虫草害管理、智能学习、系统管理和系统帮助等功能.以江苏省部分县市的气象、土壤、品种和生产资料为基础,对本系统进行了初步测试与应用,表明该系统可为农业生产者、管理人员和科技人员提供麦作数字化和科学化的决策支持. 相似文献
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玉米生产管理专家咨询系统的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
本研究经3年多点试验,建立了玉米生产管理专家咨询系统.该系统首次把人工智能和专家系统与模似模型结合起来,以解决有关玉米生产管理问题,该系统由天气模型、CERES—玉米模似模型、专家系统及其知识模型和经济模型组成;该系统能够对不同的栽培管理措施组合(地区、年份、品种、密度、播期、施肥等)的玉米生长发育状况、产量高低和经济效益等作出预测、评价和决策,从而使用户得到了与自己愿望相符的玉米生产管理方案.试验结果表明,该系统的可靠性好,预测性强,决策功能完善,是进行现代化玉米生产管理的理想工具.1991～1992年的示范推广取得了明显的经济效益. 相似文献
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基于模型和GIS的水稻生产管理决策支持系统构建与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为实现水稻生产过程的精确化管理,以水稻精确管理知识模型为管理决策的智能依托,以GIS为空间数据管理平台,应用系统工程思想和软构件技术,设计实现了基于模型和GIS的水稻生产管理决策支持系统。该系统具有基本地图操作、信息管理、栽培方案设计、肥水运筹、病虫草害管理、适宜生长指标设计、因苗实时调控、专家咨询以及系统帮助等功能。系统在江苏和浙江部分水稻生产区的应用结果表明,精确管理田块平均产量达10464.8kg/hm2,较常规管理田块增产12·53%,减少氮肥投入31.5kg/hm2。系统的建立为水稻生产全过程变量管理处方的生成提供了模型化和系统化的决策工具,也为其他作物管理决策支持系统的构建提供了基础框架。 相似文献
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<正> 从1989年以来,营口新生农场引进、推广了由营口市农业气象所和省稻作所联合研制的“水稻优化栽培生育调控技术”。该技术主要在于正确运用生育调控、产量预测等数学模型,通过田间早期数量预测,采取相应的调整、控制措施,达到预定的生育特征量和目标产量,为建立水稻的高产、优质、高效、低耗型栽培技术体系,提供最 相似文献
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干旱是包括中国在内的世界上大多数玉米生产国家的重要农业灾害之一,解决干旱问题的有效途径包括培育抗旱型和节水型的玉米杂交种.多年来,通过常规手段进行玉米抗旱育种取得了一定进展,但由于多方面原因,其育种效率没有得到进一步提高.而与此同时,对玉米在干旱胁迫下的生理生化途径研究很多,其成果可以为抗旱育种提供理论指导;尤其是近年来应用分子标记技术和基因组学技术对玉米抗旱性进行了深入的遗传剖析,其研究结果也为玉米抗旱分子育种提供了新的手段和思路.同时评述了相关研究领域的进展,并讨论今后的发展趋势。 相似文献
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东北玉米低温冷害远程诊断系统设计与初步应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对目前东北地区较易发生玉米低温冷害、不易诊断、数据获取时效性差、诊断参数代表性差等不足,研究构建一个准确、便捷的玉米低温冷害监控与远程诊断系统。通过总结东北地区玉米低温冷害领域专家的经验,结合多年的历史气象资料,对初终霜日期进行宏观预测,根据田间观测的适时环境参数对低温冷害作出及时准确判断和预测。在玉米灌浆期对该系统进行了验证和应用,得到很好的预期效果。初步构建了一个基于Web技术的玉米低温冷害远程诊断与管理系统,为玉米低温灾害的监控和诊断提供了准确、及时、便捷的途径。 相似文献
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为探讨宁夏引黄灌区滴灌玉米光合响应机制,采用Li-6400XT气体交换测量系统测定2年玉米大喇叭口期的光响应曲线,选取4种通用的光响应曲线模型分别对玉米光响应过程进行分析、拟合与比较,筛选出6个不同氮素处理下最优光响应模型,并利用最优模型计算分析玉米光合生理特征参数。结果表明,滴灌玉米功能叶片光合能力随着施氮量的增加呈递增趋势。通过模型误差计算与分析,4种光响应曲线模型拟合精度存在差异,且直角双曲线、非直角双曲线和指数模型对于高氮处理的光响应曲线拟合度均高于低氮处理。相对其他3种模型,直角双曲线修正模型拟合精度最高,可作为最优光响应曲线模型模拟引黄灌区水肥一体化玉米光响应动态。由最优模型对各氮素处理光响应生理参数计算分析表明,360 kg/hm^2氮处理玉米叶片的光响应参数均高于其他氮处理,有利于提高玉米对强光的适应范围和光能利用效率,增强光合作用。 相似文献
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Trait dissection of maize kernel weight: Towards integrating hierarchical scales using a plant growth approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Maize (Zea mays L.) yield is a function of the number harvested kernels per unit land area and the individual kernel weight (KW). Kernel weight and its development show a wide variability due to the genotype, the environment, the crop management, and all possible interactions. Commercial maize hybrids differ markedly in the patterns (rate and duration of kernel growth) behind differences in final KW. The same can be observed when public or elite proprietary maize inbred lines are analyzed. To progress in our understanding of KW variability, we reviewed and discussed current knowledge for analyzing kernel growth as an integrated system, modulated by processes linking different levels of organization (the different kernel tissues, the whole kernel, the plant, the canopy). Ideas on how to integrate this knowledge towards the development of a multi-hierarchical scale framework for predicting KW under different growth environments are currently needed, as they have high relevance for dissecting the genetic basis of kernel growth and maize yield definition at the canopy level. 相似文献
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Raymond W. Arritt Craig A. Clark A. Susana Goggi Higinio Lopez Sanchez Mark E. Westgate Jenny M. Riese 《Field Crops Research》2007
A three-dimensional Lagrangian random flight model was constructed for numerical simulations of maize pollen dispersion. The model simulates the paths of tracer particles which are interpreted as individual pollen grains, with particle motion determined by the mean flow and a stochastic turbulent velocity. The Lagrangian approach was chosen because it can be extended to complex flow regimes. The capacity of the model to simulate measured patterns of pollen deposition was tested by comparing simulations to measurements for a small maize canopy isolated within a large field of soybeans near Ames, Iowa, USA in August 2003. For this application, measurements from a single point meteorological observation were used to generate a surface layer wind profile over the maize canopy and surrounding soybean field. The method used to construct the wind field included development of internal boundary layers as the airflow passed from one canopy surface to another. The dispersion model produced spatial patterns of particle deposition that included the sharp near-source deposition gradient consistent with observations. The model tended to over-predict particle deposition near the source field and under-predict deposition at greater distances. Inclusion of the effect of the roughness difference between the maize canopy and the surrounding soybean canopy on the flow field was found to be essential for simulation accuracy. Agreement with observations improved considerably by including an approximation for vertical motions induced by changes in surface cover. These results indicate that the Lagrangian random flight model provides a realistic simulation of pollen dispersal from an isolated maize canopy. A more complete hydrodynamic model should be explored to better represent the influence of surface inhomogeneities on winds and turbulence. 相似文献
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《Industrial Crops and Products》2002,15(1):33-42
Prolamine-rich, water insoluble proteins (zeins) can be extracted from milled maize by vigorous mixing in heated ethanol solutions. Whenever solvent extraction is used process cost considerations require that all the solvent be recovered. Because of the low zein content of maize rinsing extract liquid from the extracted maize particles must be done in a way that minimizes dilution. The solid mass fraction of milled grain slurry that can be pumped is 0.25 or less. Because the mass fraction of zein in maize is only approximately 0.05, the zein mass fraction of a batch extract will be less than 0.015. To increase the zein concentration, a batch extract (liquid and fines) can be repeatedly separated from the extracted solid particles and used to extract fresh milled grain. A series of batch extractions with extract reuse can approach the performance of a continuous counter-current solids/liquid extraction, which would be preferable at a commercial scale. Extract reuse is constrained by losses of liquid with the extracted grain and by reductions of the extracting capacity of the extract due to the increasing solute or fines content. By examining the extract composition and yield of a series of batches, it is possible to estimate the zein concentration that could be achieved in a continuous, countercurrent process and to examine effects of higher zein concentrations on extraction that would be inaccessible with a single batch. The centrifugate concentrations for a series of maize extractions in which the extracted maize and extract solution were cooled prior to centrifugation were analyzed. The data were fit with a model based on a maximum zein concentration in the extract. The fit indicates that the protein content of the liquid centrifugate will not exceed 2% for any series of similar batch extractions, by using centrifugation to separate the maize from the extraction slurry after cooling it to ambient temperature. This contrasts with concentrations of zein of 10% or more achieved by extracting corn gluten using similar conditions. Although the concentration of zein in gluten is higher we believe the concentration difference is mainly due to chemical changes to the zein that take place in the gluten production and the methods used to extract zein from gluten. 相似文献
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以平凉市泾川县大田试验为基础,利用农业生产系统模拟模型,探究不同类型施肥处理对春玉米产量的影响以及气候变化对春玉米产量影响的敏感性差异,分析 APSIM模型对模拟该地区春玉米产量的适应性。结果表明, APSIM模型对该区域春玉米产量的模拟效果较好,决定系数(R2)介于 0.934～0.975,归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)介于 6.073%～9.758%,模型一致性指标(D)介于 0.952～0.987。模型敏感分析显示,年平均温度是模拟不同施肥处理下春玉米产量的敏感参数,其变化程度对模拟结果影响较大,不同施肥处理(CK、 N、 NP)下的敏感指数分别为 0.533 2、 0.558 7和 0.568 2。 相似文献
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RAPD在玉米温敏型核雄性不育研究中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对适用于玉米的ＲＡＰＤ实验体系进行研究,摸索出适用于玉米的ＲＡＰＤ的反应适宜条件闻稳定的玉米ＲＡＰＤ分析体系,应用这一体系对温敏核雄性不育玉米琼４２－Ｑｍｓ及其可育的近等基因系琼４２进行ＲＡＰＤ分析,在３００多个引物中发现１个引物在两种中扩增带型有差异,经重复试验,初步认为此差异与玉米雄性不育基因连锁。 相似文献