共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
牛奶中的尿素氮含量测定是奶牛生产性能测定（DHI）的一项重要分析指标。牛奶尿素氮是乳蛋白的一部分,对评价奶牛日粮中蛋白质需要量和利用量方面有着非常重要的作用。试验测定了不同品种泌乳牛饲喂相同日粮混养后,其奶样中尿素氮水平的变化,并分析其对奶牛生产的影响因素,为合理配制奶牛日粮和科学饲养管理提供技术依据。 相似文献
3.
正牛奶尿素氮是乳蛋白的一部分,在评价奶牛日粮蛋白质利用率、蛋白质需要量、日粮能氮平衡等方面起着极其重要的作用。本文阐述了牛奶尿素氮主要影响因素及其在奶牛生产中的应用,为合理配制奶牛日粮和科学地饲养管理提供参考依据。牛奶尿素氮(MilkUreaNitrogen,MUN)是指尿素在牛奶中的浓度,单位常用mg/dL表示。饲喂NRC推荐的日粮奶牛MUN一般在10～16mg/d L范围之内,荷斯坦牛的平均MUN值是15.5mg/d L(Johnson等,2003)。MUN过高或过低都反映了奶牛的代谢紊乱,并可引发奶牛的繁殖障碍等问题,从而影响奶牛有效生产性能的发挥。自20世纪90年代中期以来,欧美等奶业发达国家就将MUN的检测 相似文献
4.
《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(3)
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加复合植物提取物对奶牛产奶量、乳成分和血液生理生化指标的影响。选择25～27月龄、1胎、泌乳天数(67±1) d、产奶量(32±5) kg/d且健康的泌乳高峰期荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+1g/(d·头)复合植物提取物(每克含辣椒油树脂3.5%、肉桂醛5.5%、丁香酚9.5%)。试验预试期3d,正试期60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组奶牛产奶量提高2.37%(P>0.05);日粮添加复合植物提取物有降低牛奶体细胞数、尿素氮含量的趋势(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验组奶牛血常规指标、血清生理生化指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,日粮添加1 g/(d·头)复合植物提取物能够在一定程度上提高奶牛产奶量、降低牛奶体细胞数和尿素氮含量,但不影响血液生理状态。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
本试验旨在研究不同水平的糊化淀粉尿素氮对泌乳奶牛生产性能和氨氮水平以及三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸在乳中残留的影响,为糊化淀粉尿素在奶牛上的合理安全使用提供数据支持。试验选用5头安装有瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,采用5×5拉丁方试验设计,对照组饲喂不含尿素日粮,U-16%组用尿素氮替代日粮总氮的16%,S-16%、S-24%和S-32%组分别用糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮的16%、24%、32%,第一期适应期14d,以后每期适应期7d,采样期5d,共67d,比较研究尿素氮和糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮的不同水平对泌乳奶牛生产性能、瘤胃和血液氨浓度、血液尿素氮以及三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸残留的影响。研究结果表明,糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮的16%、24%,奶牛生产性能与对照组相比均没有显著变化(P>0.05),血氨浓度正常,当糊化淀粉尿素氮替代水平达32%时,显著降低干物质采食量和产奶量(P<0.05);糊化淀粉尿素氮与尿素氮相比,能有效延缓氨浓度峰值出现时间,降低血氨浓度峰值,但是随着糊化淀粉尿素氮替代水平的升高瘤胃氨峰值和血氨峰值均升高;用糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮的不同水平不会产生乳中三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸残留。因此,本研究得出,从安全性角度考虑,在泌乳奶牛上糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮的适宜比例不宜超过24%。 相似文献
8.
9.
试验以5头装有瘤胃瘘管的、处于泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,采用5×5拉丁方试验设计.对照组饲喂不合尿素日粮,U-16％组用尿素氮替代日粮总氮的16％,S-16％、S-24％和S-32％组分别用糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮的16 ％、24％、32％.第1期适应期14d,以后每期适应期7d,采样期5d,共67 d.比较研究尿素氮和糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮的不同水平对泌乳奶牛生产性能、氮利用率的影响.结果表明糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮的16％、24％,与对照组相比奶牛生产性能均没有显著影响(P＞0.05).当糊化淀粉尿素氮替代水平达32％时,显著降低干物质采食量(P＜0.05),并降低了产奶量,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);奶牛血液尿素氮随着不同糊化淀粉尿素氮替代水平的增加而提高,但差异不显著(P＞0.05),对乳中尿素氮的影响在各组间差异也不显著(P＞0.05);糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮的不同水平对氮排放的影响上.当替代水平为16％时,糊化淀粉尿素与尿素相比能降低氮排放,但差异不显著(P＞0.05),但是当糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮水平达24％和32％时,排放总氮占摄入总氮的比例显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05),会降低日粮氮的利用率,增加氮排放.结果揭示在同时保证奶牛生产性能和不增加氮排放的基础上,在泌乳奶牛上糊化淀粉尿素氮替代日粮总氮的适宜比例为16％,不宜达到24％. 相似文献
10.
本研究以12头泌乳中期荷斯坦牛为研究对象,采用随机区组设计分为3组,在干物质进食量相似的条件下,增加瘤胃快速可发酵能量,用玉米粉颗粒替代甜菜渣颗粒,三个处理分别替换0kg、0．4kg和0．8kg,试验期61d。结果表明,日粮处理对奶牛的产奶量和乳成分没有明显影响,玉米粉颗粒替代甜菜渣颗粒饲喂奶牛后可显著降低牛奶中尿素氮（MUN）浓度,评价目粮的瘤胃能氮平衡表明为正平衡,有明显低水平的MUN。试验证明,可以用日粮瘤胃能氮平衡判断饲喂日粮对奶牛MUN的影响。 相似文献
11.
泌乳早期乳中尿素氮含量对奶牛繁殖性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索奶牛泌乳早期乳中尿素氮含量对产后繁殖性能的影响,本研究选取海丰奶牛场的头胎荷斯坦牛1932头,于产犊后30d内采集乳样,测定乳中尿素氮含量,并收集试验牛只产后繁殖资料,用多因素方差分析法分析乳中尿素氮对产后繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,试验牛只产犊后1个月内乳中尿素氮含量为9．22±2．78mg／dL;乳中尿素氮含量对个体情期受胎率有显著影响（P〈0．05）,而对产后首次配种天数有极显著影响（P〈0．01）,乳中尿素氮含量大于15mg／dL的奶牛产后第一次配种天数显著高于低于此数值的奶牛,且个体情期受胎率显著低于此数值低的奶牛。同时乳中尿素氮含量与个体情期受胎率呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）。据此认为,作为反映能氮平衡的关键指标,泌乳早期乳中尿素氮含量可作为预测奶牛产后繁殖性能的指标加以利用。 相似文献
12.
13.
影响北京地区荷斯坦牛牛奶尿素氮的环境及生理因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究北京地区荷斯坦牛牛奶尿素氮(MUN)的影响因素及夏季热应激相关指标对MUN的影响,实测北京地区7个牛场2016年7、8月的荷斯坦牛直肠温度和体况评分(BCS),收集北京地区68个牛场生产性能测定数据,利用固定模型分析环境和生理因素,以及4%乳脂校正乳(FCM)、乳蛋白量和体细胞分(SCS)对MUN全年测定值的影响,并重点分析夏季MUN随BCS和直肠温度的变化趋势。结果表明:数据测定月份和产犊季节对MUN影响极显著(P0.01),冬季MUN水平偏低,夏季普遍较高,春季产犊的牛MUN高于其他产犊季节;泌乳121~180 d MUN水平最高;MUN随胎次的增加显著降低(P0.05);SCS、FCM和乳蛋白率分别与MUN夏季测定值呈极显著的回归关系(P0.01);BCS对夏季MUN影响显著(P0.05),但直肠温度对MUN无显著影响(P0.05)。综上,利用产犊季节和测定月份可以预估群体MUN的水平,夏季则可通过奶牛体况变化及泌乳性能预测个体MUN,及时调整饲养管理,管控夏季奶牛健康和牛奶品质。 相似文献
14.
15.
Arunvipas P Vanleeuwen JA Dohoo IR Leger ER Keefe GP Burton AS Lissemore KD 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2007,82(1-2):42-50
Our objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between milk urea-nitrogen concentrations ([MUN]) and first-service breeding success (FSBS) in a large number of commercial dairy herds, using various timings on [MUN]. All commercial dairy herds in Prince Edward Island on monthly milk testing (n=198) formed the sampling frame. Milk components, [MUN], 24-h milk production, and breeding data for all cows from these farms were gathered electronically from a central database. A first service between 1 June 1999 and 31 May 2000 was classified successful (FSBS=1) if it was the cow's last service and she calved 270-290 d later. Mixed logistic-regression modeling was used to determine the association between FSBS (the outcome variable) and the [MUN] closest to first service, controlling for other possible confounders and clustering effects of cows within the study herds. The final dataset included 2787 successful and 3015 unsuccessful first services. A change in [MUN] on the test closest to first service from 10 to 20 mg/dL was associated with a 13.9% reduction in the odds of FSBS (controlled for parity, milk production and days in milk). 相似文献
16.
17.
Relationships among milk urea-nitrogen, dietary parameters, and fecal nitrogen in commercial dairy herds 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Pipat Arunvipas John A. VanLeeuwen Ian R. Dohoo Greg P. Keefe Shelley A. Burton Kerry D. Lissemore 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(5):449-453
Our study objective was to determine the ability of milk urea-nitrogen concentrations ([MUN]) to predict fecal nitrogen concentrations ([Fecal N]) in commercial dairy herds. A total of 83 dairy herds were each visited 3 times within 48 h after a monthly herd milk test. For each farm visit, forages were sampled for nutrient analyses, which were entered into a computerized ration evaluator, and fecal samples were taken per rectum from each of 6 cows (2 early-, 2 mid-, and 2 late-lactation). Fecal samples were pooled, mixed, and analyzed for nitrogen content. Fecal nitrogen concentrations were compared with the routinely measured nutritional parameters from the ration evaluation, and the herd average [MUN] for the previous milk test date using mixed linear regression analyses. Total protein supplied in the ration was significantly positively associated with [Fecal N], but herd average [MUN] was not associated (P > 0.10) with [Fecal N]. 相似文献
18.
Factors affecting milk urea nitrogen and protein concentrations in Quebec dairy cows 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Milk urea nitrogen (MUN), together with percentage milk protein (PROT), are increasingly used as indicators of the protein-energy balance and for monitoring nutrition and diagnosing feeding disorders. The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of parity, milk yield, days in lactation, somatic-cell count, and herd and feeding factors on MUN and PROT. In 10 dairy herds, one milk sample was taken from each of 418 cows, within +/- 2 days of the routine milk-test visit. We used a four-step multiple linear-regression model with backward elimination, including interactions between herd and the different factors. For both dependent variables, there were significant interactions with herd. Herd-specific models were markedly different; however, the daily amount of protein concentrates fed remained (and had a positive coefficient) in seven of 10 herd models for MUN. This factor is easy to record under field conditions and has to be considered in the evaluation of the ration by means of MUN and PROT. Overfeeding of rumen soluble protein can be easily diagnosed and corrected using MUN analyses. The relationships between MUN and PROT in respect of the factors parity, daily milk yield, and days postpartum also vary considerably among herds. 相似文献
19.
Abstract Thirty-two Chinese Holstein lactating cows were used to investigate the relationship of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and nitrogen excretion loading to the environment. Cows were fed a similar amount of forage, and concentrates according to milk production. Total collection of urine and faeces were conducted continuously for three days. The milk urea nitrogen was significantly correlated to total nitrogen excretion (R 2=0.70), urinary nitrogen excretion (R 2=0.85), and nitrogen excretion from faeces (R 2=0.22). The following equation was proposed to predict total nitrogen excretion (TNE) (g/d) based on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) (mg/dl): TNE?=?15.46(±1.83)×MUN?+?193.40(±28.79). The results obtained in this study suggested that MUN might be used to predict TNE from lactating cows. 相似文献