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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2021,(10)
N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)是N-乙酰谷氨酸的结构类似物,具有促进哺乳动物内源性精氨酸合成的作用。NCG以饲料添加剂的形式应用于农业生产中。最初发现NCG具有提高哺乳动物繁殖性能的作用,随着研究的深入,发现NCG还可以提高畜禽的生产性能、缓解氧化应激反应和炎症反应的作用。本文论述了NCG在畜禽养殖中的研究进展,为畜禽业使用NCG提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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N-乙酰谷氨酸的类似物,N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(N-Carbamylglutamate,NCG)是L-谷氨酸上的氨基被氨基甲酰化后的产物,能激活动物体内氨甲酰磷酸合成酶-Ⅰ (Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase 1,CPS-Ⅰ)和二氢吡咯-5-羧酸合成酶(pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase,P5CS),促进动物内源精氨酸的生成.精氨酸是一种重要的功能性氨基酸,在动物细胞信息传递和营养代谢中起重要作用,但其受价格高且与赖氨酸、色氨酸和组氨酸有拮抗作用而未能作为饲料添加剂在动物生产中大量推广使用.作为精氨酸内源合成激活剂,NCG化学合成方便,价格仅为精氨酸的10％,因此越来越受到人们的关注.文中主要介绍NCG在动物生产中作用机理、应用状况与展望. 相似文献
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B Zhang LQ Che Y Lin Y Zhuo ZF Fang SY Xu J Song YS Wang Y Liu P Wang D Wu 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):740-745
The effect of dietary N‐carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation during the entire gestation on reproductive performance of gilts was determined. At the initial day of gestation, forty‐five cross‐bred (Landrace × Large white) gilts were randomly assigned to five groups receiving a basal diet (control group) and basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% NCG until parturition, respectively. At parturition, total litter size, live litter size and rate of stillbirth were not markedly affected by NCG supplementation. However, gilts in 0.05% NCG‐supplemented group had more pigs born alive than gilts in control group (+1.11 pigs, p = 0.12), and live litter weight was increased (+12.13–19.17%, p < 0.05) in 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% NCG‐supplemented groups relative to control group. And also, average birthweight of piglets born alive was higher (+6.57%, p < 0.05) in 0.05% NCG‐supplemented group than in control group. Furthermore, on days 30, 60, 90 and 110 of gestation, concentrations of arginine and ornithine in plasma were higher (p < 0.05) in 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% NCG‐supplemented groups than in control group, respectively. In addition, the chorioallantois gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A), placental growth factor (PLGF) and angiopoietin‐2 (ANG‐2) was all increased (p < 0.05) in 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% NCG‐supplemented groups than in control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg NCG during the entire gestation significantly improves pregnancy outcomes in gilts, which may be associated with the improved concentrations of arginine in plasma and placental angiogenic factors gene expression of gilts. 相似文献
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Prevalence of congenital abnormalities in pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The prevalence of congenital defects in piglets in a large intensive piggery was determined by autopsy examination of piglets dying in the first week of life and from records kept by the farm staff. A total of 1908 piglets was examined at autopsy and 14,535 were born over the period of the survey. The prevalence of defects on this farm was estimated to be 2.9% of all piglets born, and at least one piglet with a congenital defect was found in 17.4% of litters. Of the piglets dying in the first week 9.5% had a defect and of these 8% had multiple anomalies. The mean litter size at birth for litters with a malformed piglet was 10.9 compared with 9.9 for litters without a malformed piglet. The total preweaning loss in litters containing a malformed pig was higher (29.8%) than that in litters without malformations (17.4%). The antepartum and parturient deaths in litters with a malformed piglet were 35% higher than normal litters. Parturient and anteparturient deaths amounted to 7.5% of piglets born and the total preweaning mortality was 19.9%. Sixty-six per cent of these mortalities occurred within the first week of life. The litter size at birth increased with parity as did the prevalence of litters containing malformed piglets. Neonatal loss was about 2 pigs per litter for all parities. Litter size at birth in litters containing a malformed pig was consistently higher by one pig per litter from all parities, but parturient (7.1%) and anteparturient (1.4%) deaths were also higher in these litters than in litters without malformations (5.1% and 1.2% respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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本文系对103头360窝太湖猪的繁殖性能进行系统研究。结果是60头母猪在6个繁殖周期中共繁殖360窝,平均繁殖周期158.33天,年产仔2.31胎。窝产仔16.35头,活仔15.10头,35日龄断奶育成14.44头,窝重83.48公斤。每头母猪年产仔37.69头,年产活仔34.81头,年提供断奶仔猪33.29头。其中窝产仔达到18头以上,出现1胎或连续4胎高产的母猪69头,占试验母猪群66.99％。 相似文献
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猪脾转移因子的部分生化和免疫性及其应用 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对６只新生仔猪和８只成年猪脾脏提取的转移因子（ＴＦ）分析表明，新生仔猪已有较高含量ＴＦ（４．０１ｍｇ／ｇ），１７种氨基酸百分比与成年猪类似。通过对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能影响的研究表明：新生仔猪脾ＴＦ已具有明显的免疫活性，但不及成年猪。给初生仔猪注射成年猪转移因子的试验表明，注射ＴＦ对白细胞数（ＷＢＣ），３日龄淋巴细胞增殖均无明显影响，但对４５日龄淋巴细胞有促进作用，对３０日龄至６０日龄增重亦有极 相似文献
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玉米赤霉烯酮对母猪繁殖性能和胎盘免疫相关基因表达量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)对母猪繁殖性能和胎盘免疫相关基因表达量的影响。选择胎次相近、体重200 kg、妊娠第30天的长×大二元杂交母猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮在基础饲粮中添加1.5 mg/kg的ZEN。试验期74 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)饲粮中添加ZEN显著提高了妊娠期母猪死胎数和弱仔猪数(P0.05),显著降低了母猪总产仔数(P0.05);2)饲粮中添加ZEN显著提高了妊娠期母猪血清孕酮含量(P0.05);3)饲粮中添加ZEN显著提高了妊娠期母猪胎盘中Toll样受体-2(TLR-2)和孕酮受体(PGR)基因表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,母猪妊娠期饲粮中添加1.5 mg/kg ZEN可显著降低母猪总产仔数,并显著提高死胎数和弱仔猪数。饲粮中低水平的ZEN对母猪繁殖性能仍产生不利影响。 相似文献
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Philipp C. Muth Le T. T. Huyen Anne Valle Zárate 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(6):1227-1234
In the recent past, pig performance and sow management on smallholder farms in the Southeast Asian Massif have been extensively researched. But the objective of this study was to investigate the lifetime efficiency of breeding sows of the local Vietnamese Ban (n = 89) and Mong Cai (n = 131) breeds in a production system context. The impact of sow longevity was considered in particular. In addition, predictors of early pre-weaning mortality in piglets were investigated. In total, nine villages of Son La province, situated in the uplands of north-western Vietnam, were selected, differing in access to markets, production intensity, and pig management level. Data was collected over a period of 10 years through an on-farm performance testing system. It was shown that sows of both breeds that achieved five or more parities farrowed and weaned significantly more piglets per life year compared to sows with only one or two parities. The conception rate (Spearman’s rho = 0.374) and age at first farrowing (Spearman’s rho = ?0.424) were significantly correlated with the number of weaned piglets per life year of stayable (≥4 parities) Mong Cai sows. The risk of early pre-weaning death of piglets born to Mong Cai sows was affected more by litter size, while for piglets born to Ban sows, the risk was influenced more by the season. Therefore, interventions to improve the sow lifetime efficiency and piglet survivability must match the sow breed and management level. 相似文献
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XiaohuiRen Zhunli Qi Xiuwen Zhang Jianwei Dai Linlin Hao SongcaiLiu Yongliang Zhang 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2011,2(3):173-178
Both growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) have potent GH-releasing activity in animals.We have previously demonstrated that the administration of a plasmid encoding the GHRH gene to pregnant mice and pig augmented long-term growth in first generation progeny,and that the administration of GHRP-6 results in growth augmentation in mice and rabbits.However,it has not yet been reported if GHRP-6 induces intergenerational growth effects in pigs.Ploy lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microsphere adsorption of treatment proteins enhances gene expression,genetic immunization and the ability to protect plasmid DNA and peptides from degradation.The current study was conducted to determine the growth performance of piglets born to gilts treated with GHRP-6 incorporated into thermosensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymers.Gilts were injected intra-muscularly once at day 85 of gestation with 30 mg of GHRP-6-loaded thermosensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymers.Piglets were weighed periodically between birth and 28 days.Mean body weights of piglets born to GHRP-6-treated gilts were 6.58％ to 18.89％ (P ＜ 0.05 ) greater than those of piglets born to control gilts.This study confirms that enhanced maternal GHRP-6 mediated by thermosensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA can augment growth of piglets. 相似文献
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A.L. KilBride M. Mendl P. Statham S. Held M. Harris J.N. Marchant-Forde H. Booth L.E. Green 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014
A prospective longitudinal study was carried out on 39 outdoor breeding pig farms in England in 2003 and 2004 to investigate the risks associated with mortality in liveborn preweaning piglets. Researchers visited each farm and completed a questionnaire with the farmer and made observations of the paddocks, huts and pigs. The farmer recorded the number of piglets born alive and stillborn, fostered on and off and the number of piglets that died before weaning for 20 litters born after the visit. Data were analysed from a cohort of 9424 liveborn piglets from 855 litters. Overall 1274 liveborn piglets (13.5%) died before weaning. A mixed effect binomial model was used to investigate the associations between preweaning mortality and farm and litter level factors, controlling for litter size and number of piglets stillborn and fostered. Increased risk of mortality was associated with fostering piglets over 24 h of age, organic certification or membership of an assurance scheme with higher welfare standards, farmer's perception that there was a problem with pest birds, use of medication to treat coccidiosis and presence of lame sows on the farm. Reduced mortality was associated with insulated farrowing huts and door flaps, women working on the farm and the farmer reporting a problem with foxes. 相似文献