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为了建立给鸡灌胃血根碱后同时测定鸡血浆中血根碱及二氢血根碱浓度的HPLC-MS/MS检测方法,并评价血根碱在鸡体内的药代动力学特征,采用甲醇提取鸡血浆中的血根碱及代谢物二氢血根碱,以0.2%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,选用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC C18(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱进行色谱分离,采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)三重四极杆串联质谱进行分析,多重反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测。血根碱及代谢产物二氢血根碱均在0.1~50.0 ng/mL浓度范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,提取回收率分别为88.95%~95.81%和82.00%~87.00%;日内及日间精密度(RSD)均小于15%;血根碱在鸡体内的药代动力学参数Cmax,Tmax,MRT,CL分别为0.90±1.053 ng/mL、0.38±0.30 h、5.11±0.74 h和44.09±3.05 h。血根碱在鸡体内血药达峰时间以及滞留在体内的平均时间较短,代谢物二氢血根碱的血药浓度是血根碱的血药浓度5.74倍,说明代谢物二氢血根碱的血药浓度远大于血根碱的血药浓度。该方法具有快速、灵敏度高、专属性强等特点,适用于同时测定鸡血浆中血根碱和二氢血根碱的血药浓度。 相似文献
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血根碱体外抑菌作用及其对细菌生物被膜的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验旨在了解血根碱的体外抑菌能力及对细菌生物被膜的作用。通过管碟法测定不同浓度的血根碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌能力,并与国家允许添加的饲用抗生素盐酸金霉素比较;构建3种致病菌的细菌生物被膜;研究血根碱对其作用效果。结果表明:0.32 g/L的血根碱抑菌效果明显,并且优于盐酸金霉素;采用刚果红平板法及银染法鉴定细菌生物被膜;通过菌落计数发现,0.16 g/L血根碱可以清除细菌生物被膜。血根碱具有较强的体外抑菌能力,又能有效清除大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌形成的细菌生物被膜。 相似文献
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血根碱的药理作用及其应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
血根碱作为一种卞基异喹啉类生物碱,具有抗菌、抗锥虫、抗肿瘤,改善肝功能等多方面药理作用,在临床上发挥着巨大作用。介绍了血根碱的药理作用及其在畜牧生产中的应用。 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2015,(6)
研究血根碱对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性。采用MTS法检测血根碱对猪肾上皮细胞(PK-15)和猪睾九细胞(ST)的增殖抑制作用。将120只3周龄普通级ICR雄性小鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组(蒸馏水)、溶媒对照组(蒸馏水:丙二醇为2:1)、低剂量组(5mg/kg)、中剂量组(10mg/kg)和高剂量组(20mg/kg),血根碱用量为0.1 mL/10g,连续灌胃37d,并于开始灌胃后的第24、31和37天分别采集样品并检测。结果表明,微量的血根碱对猪肾上皮细胞(PK-15)和猪睾九细胞(ST)可产生显著的增殖抑制作用(对ST的MIC为0.25μmol/L,对PK-15的MIC为0.5μmol/L);在体试验结果显示,试验组小鼠各项指标与对照组无显著差异,说明血根碱对雄性小鼠无显著生殖毒性。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究血根碱对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌活动的影响。分离8周龄SD雌性未孕大鼠子宫平滑肌,通过BL-420F生物信号采集系统记录子宫平滑肌收缩频率和收缩幅度,计算子宫平滑肌活力。以硫酸阿托品、盐酸普萘洛尔、盐酸苯海拉明及盐酸雷尼替丁为阻断剂,观察血根碱对子宫平滑肌M、β、H1、H2受体的关系,探讨血根碱对子宫平滑肌的作用机制。结果显示,血根碱组和元胡止痛片组对缩宫素所致大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩频率、收缩幅度和活力均有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）;应用H1受体阻断剂苯海拉明和H2受体阻断剂雷尼替丁后,血根碱对子宫平滑肌抑制作用基本被阻断,而应用M受体阻断剂阿托品,β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔后,血根碱对子宫平滑肌收缩仍具有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）。综上所述,血根碱对大鼠子宫平滑肌活力具有显著的抑制作用,可能是通过抑制H1、H2受体实现,与M、β受体无关。 相似文献
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为评价抗鸡球虫病药物常山口服液的安全性,本试验采用改良寇氏法和剂量递增法对小鼠进行急性毒性试验研究,并通过病理组织学观察来明确常山口服液毒性损伤的主要靶器官。取60只昆明系小鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为6组,1个对照组和5个给药组,给药组分别按1.00、1.40、1.96、2.74和3.84 g/kg体重的剂量灌胃给药,连续观察7 d,记录小鼠急性毒性反应过程,并运用改良寇氏法公式计算半数致死量（LD50）及LD50的95%可信限。结果显示,小鼠经口灌胃LD50为2.0961 g/kg体重,LD50的95%可信限为1.7414~2.5429 g/kg体重;剖检可见1.96、2.74和3.84 g/kg体重剂量组部分小鼠的肝脏、肾脏出现较严重的水肿、充血和明显的白色坏死灶;病理组织学检查显示小鼠出现急性肝脏损伤,表现为肝细胞退行性改变,病变主要是小叶周边变性、坏死及崩解,而肾脏损伤表现为肾淤血、间质水肿、肾曲小管上皮浊肿和广泛变性,各主要脏器以肝脏损害较为严重,可确定常山口服液损伤的靶器官主要为肝脏。结果表明,常山口服液按常规剂量使用是安全的,临床用于抗球虫病安全性较高,但大剂量、长疗程的用药会出现毒性反应,由于急性毒性试验观察时间较短,故还应结合长期毒性试验的毒性表现及多种检查结果综合分析评价其毒性。 相似文献
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WANG Ling GUO Zhi-ting ZAHNG Xiao-song LIN Chun-quan LUO Xiao-qin YANG Feng YANG Zhen 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(10):2724-2729
The purpose of this study was to evaluate drug safety of Dichroa febrifuga oral liquid (DFOL),and the acute toxicity test of DFOL was established in mice based on modified Karber's method and dose increasing method,and histopathological examination had been applied to explore the main target organs of its toxic injury.The dosage was determined by preliminary experiment,a total of 60 Kunming mice were selected and divided randomly into one control group and five experimental groups,DFOL was administered by intragastric gavage at five different doses (1.00,1.40,1.96,2.74,3.84 g/(kg·BW)),and observed for 7 days continuously,the LD50 value and 95% confidence interval of LD50 were determined by the modified Karbers method.It showed that LD50 was 2.0961 g/(kg·BW) and its 95% confidence interval was 1.7414 to 2.5429 g/(kg·BW).The liver and kidney of some mice in 1.96,2.74 and 3.84 g/(kg·BW) drug groups appeared severe edema,congestion and white necrotic foci by necropsy.Acute liver injury was found in mice by histopathological examination and the liver cell showed degenerative change,kidney damage showed renal congestion,interstitial edema,renal tubule epithelial cloudy swelling and degeneration.The liver was damaged seriously in the main organ and the main toxic organ of DFOL was liver.The test showed that the toxicity of DFOL was lower and it had high security in a conventional doses for clinical anti-coccidiosis application,however,high dose,long course of medication had toxicity,and the toxicity of DFOL should be analyzed and evaluated combining with long-term toxicity tests and many other inspection results. 相似文献
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Benlasher E Geng X Nguyen NT Tardieu D Bailly JD Auvergne A Guerre P 《Avian diseases》2012,56(1):120-127
Fumonisins (FBs) are mycotoxins that are found worldwide in maize and maize products. Their main toxic effects have been well characterized in poultry, but differences between species have been demonstrated. Ducks appeared very sensitive to toxicity, whereas turkeys are more resistant. At the same time, alterations of sphingolipid metabolism, with an increase of the concentration of the free sphinganine (Sa) in serum and liver, have been demonstrated in the two species, but the link between the toxicity of FBs and Sa accumulation remains difficult to interpret. The aim of the present work was to compare the effects of FBs (10 mg FB1 + FB2/kg body weight) on sphingolipid metabolism in ducks and turkeys. Growth, feed consumption, and serum biochemistry were also investigated to evaluate toxicity. The main results showed that FBs increased Sa concentrations in liver and serum in ducks and turkeys, but these accumulations were not directly correlated with toxicity. Sa accumulation was higher in the livers of turkeys than in ducks, whereas Sa levels were higher in the sera of ducks than in turkeys. Hepatic toxicity was more pronounced in ducks than in turkeys and accompanied a decrease of body weight and an increase of serum biochemistry in ducks but not in turkeys. So, although FBs increase Sa concentration in the livers of both species, this effect is not directly proportional to toxicity. The mechanisms of FB toxicity and/or the mechanisms of protection of ducks and turkeys to the Sa accumulation within the liver remain to be established. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究乐果(Dimethoate)对大鼠的毒性作用,探讨乐果中毒的氧化应激机制.将24只SD大鼠分成对照组和3个染毒组,分别以0、1、6、30 mg/kg体质量剂量灌服乐果,连续灌服30 d后,测定血浆和肝脏胆碱酯酶(ChE)活性及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并观察肝脏组织学和超微结构变化.结果显示,乐果染毒后大鼠血浆和肝脏ChE活性均极显著降低(P<0.01);大鼠肝脏SOD活性呈上升趋势,而GSH-Px、CAT活性随染毒剂量增加呈先下降后上升趋势;各染毒组肝脏MDA含量均呈上升趋势;组织学和超微结构检查显示肝细胞脂肪变性、凋亡等.结果表明.大鼠乐果持续染毒可以诱导机体脂质过氧化增强,并导致肝脏结构损伤,说明氧化应激在乐果的肝脏毒性中发挥重要作用. 相似文献
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Imai A Nishita T Ichihara N Shirota K Orito K 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,149(1-2):108-111
Xylitol is used as a sugar substitute in food products. Dogs have been reported to experience lethal liver injury after accidental ingestion of xylitol. Because liver injury may be a serious consequence of canine immune-mediated reactions, antibodies produced against xylitol may attack the liver. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated whether binding sites for xylitol antibodies are located at the liver or not. Anti-xylitol antibodies were generated by immunization of rabbits with a xylose-bovine serum albumin conjugate. Immunohistological examination showed that binding sites for the anti-xylitol antibodies were located in the hepatic arteries and the portal veins. Western blotting analyses by using a canine liver homogenate showed 4 protein bands with different molecular weights which reacted with anti-xylitol antibodies. Therefore, binding of anti-xylitol antibodies to the vessels may be the first step in an immune-mediated pathogenic response in xylitol toxicity. Further studies are necessary to determine the effects of anti-xylitol antibodies on the liver in the pathogenesis of xylitol toxicity. 相似文献
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评价峨眉千里光毒性作用,采用机率单位法（Bliss法）和固定剂量蓄积系数法考察了峨眉千里光叶和全草水提物对小鼠经口急性毒性及蓄积毒性。急性毒性结果显示,不同剂量的峨眉千里光叶和全草水提物均能导致小鼠发生中毒和死亡,引起小鼠肺和肝脏损伤;叶水提物LD50为62.28 g/kg,95%可信限为52.68-73.65 g/kg;全草水提物LD50为81.65 g/kg,95%可信限为70.15-94.53 g/kg。蓄积毒性结果显示,峨眉千里光叶和全草的蓄积系数K〉5。结果表明,峨眉千里光叶和全草水提物对小鼠有急性毒性作用,叶的毒性比全草强,肺和肝脏为毒性靶器官;两种水提物均有轻度蓄积毒性。 相似文献