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1.
为揭示广东地区鹅场动物和环境源大肠杆菌的耐药情况及超广谱β-内酰胺酶CTX-M的流行与传播特征,本研究从广东省江门及阳江市共10处鹅场采集鹅及环境样品199份,采用MALDI-TOF-MS法分离鉴定大肠杆菌。采用琼脂稀释法对菌株进行耐药性分析,采用PCR法检测头孢噻肟耐药菌中bla_(CTX-M)基因及其基因环境,采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)、接合转移和质粒复制子分型等方法探究bla_(CTX-M)基因的传播特征。结果显示,共获得196株大肠杆菌,对氨苄西林、多西环素、氟苯尼考和链霉素耐药率均超过50%,第三代头孢菌素耐药率为10%～25%,其中头孢噻肟耐药菌有49株(24.6%)。阳江地区大肠杆菌对受试药物的耐药率高于江门,且动物源高于环境源,尤其是头孢噻肟和头孢噻呋均存在显著差异(P0.05)。头孢噻肟耐药菌中共检出19株携带bla_(CTX-M)基因,包括bla_(CTX-M-55)(n=17)、bla_(CTX-M-27)(n=1)和bla_(CTX-M-65)(n=1),且bla_(CTX-M)基因阳性菌均可对5～11种药物耐药,呈现多重耐药的表型。bla_(CTX-M-55)基因环境均为ISEcp1-bla_(CTX-M-55)-orf477,且在ISEcp1与bla_(CTX-M)基因之间有3种长度的间隔序列;而bla_(CTX-M-27)和bla_(CTX-M-65)的基因环境均为ISEcp1-bla_(CTX-M-27/65)-IS903。19株bla_(CTX-M)基因阳性菌呈现10种PFGE谱型,存在一种主要流行的谱型(47.4%),其包括多种来源菌株,暗示存在克隆传播现象。12株(63.2%)bla_(CTX-M)基因阳性大肠杆菌中bla_(CTX-M)基因转移成功,bla_(CTX-M)基因阳性接合子携带的复制子型为IncFⅡ(n=10)和IncHⅠ2(n=2),且存在多西环素和氟苯尼考耐药表型与bla_(CTX-M)基因共转移现象。研究发现,阳江鹅场大肠杆菌耐药情况较为严重,bla_(CTX-M)基因存在一定的流行性且以bla_(CTX-M-55)亚型为主,bla_(CTX-M)基因阳性菌的克隆传播和质粒及插入序列ISEcp1介导的水平传播是导致该基因在鹅场大肠杆菌中扩散的主要原因,应引起高度重视。  相似文献   

2.
《中国兽医学报》2016,(3):443-447
探讨鸡大肠杆菌bla_(CTX-M-9)的遗传背景和毒力因子流行特征,为进一步研究bla_(CTX-M-9)与致病特性是否相关奠定基础。取近年来收集的17株产CTX-M-9族鸡大肠杆菌为研究对象,分别采用定位PCR、多重PCR等技术检测受试菌株的种系发育、MLST序列、质粒复制子特性、bla_(CTX-M-9)的上、下游基因环境及其携带的31种毒力基因。结果显示,bla_(CTX-M-9)的上游均含有ISEcpl,部分被IS26截断,下游最常见的是IS903。受试菌ST分型多样化,17株菌分别属于12种不同的ST型。受试菌携带3种以上复制子,最常见的是IncFII复制子,其次为IncFIB、IncK和IncI1型。受试菌分属于种系发育的D群(7株)、B1群(6株)和A群(4株),未检出强致病力的B2群菌株。受试菌均含有fimH、traT和feoB毒力基因,同时毒力基因检测率较高的还有sit A、iut A、iucC、iroN和iss基因。结果表明,ISEcpl和IS903转座子、IncF在bla_(CTX-M-9)快速散播过程中发挥了重要的作用,克隆传播仅发挥了次要的作用;产CTX-M-9族鸡大肠杆菌含有较多的毒力基因,具有一定的致病力。  相似文献   

3.
为了解福建地区猪源CTX-M阳性大肠杆菌耐药性、耐药基因流行情况以及耐药质粒特征,本研究采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定福建地区分离的67株猪源CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶阳性大肠杆菌对13种抗菌药物的敏感性,通过PCR检测其重要的耐药基因;通过供体菌与受体菌(C600)的接合转移试验,检测携带CTX-M耐药基因耐药质粒的水平转移情况,并测定接合子的药物敏感性变化以及耐药质粒的复制子类型。结果显示,分离菌株对头孢噻呋(100%)、头孢噻肟(100%)和四环素(94.0%,63/67)耐药性较高,对阿米卡星相对敏感,耐药菌株仅占7.5%(5/67)。耐药基因检测结果显示,53.7%(36/67)的分离株携带3个以上耐药基因,黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1(49.3%,33/67)和氟苯尼考耐药基因floR(37.3%,25/67)的检出率较高,氟喹诺酮类耐药基因aac(6')-Ib-cr和oqxAB、四环素类耐药基因tetA、酰胺醇类耐药基因cmlA和磷霉素耐药基因fosA3的检出率在10.4%～19.4%,氨基糖苷类耐药基因rmtB(4.5%,3/67)的检出率最低;其中以CTX-M+mcr-1+floR耐药基因的组成模式流行为主,检出率为25.4%(17/67)。通过接合转移试验共获得21株接合子,与受体菌C600相比,其对受试药物,如头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟和庆大霉素等的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)提高了2～32倍。复制子分型结果显示17株分离菌分型成功,4株分离菌未能分型,其中以IncF型质粒为主。福建地区猪源CTX-M阳性大肠杆菌对抗菌药物呈较为严重的耐药性,耐药基因的携带率普遍较高且以mcr-1和floR基因流行为主,耐药质粒以IncF型为主。本研究为福建地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性的风险评估与抗菌药的合理应用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
为揭示广东地区鹅场动物和环境源大肠杆菌的耐药情况及超广谱β-内酰胺酶CTX-M的流行与传播特征,本研究从广东省江门及阳江市共10处鹅场采集鹅及环境样品199份,采用MALDI-TOF-MS法分离鉴定大肠杆菌。采用琼脂稀释法对菌株进行耐药性分析,采用PCR法检测头孢噻肟耐药菌中blaCTX-M基因及其基因环境,采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）、接合转移和质粒复制子分型等方法探究blaCTX-M基因的传播特征。结果显示,共获得196株大肠杆菌,对氨苄西林、多西环素、氟苯尼考和链霉素耐药率均超过50%,第三代头孢菌素耐药率为10%~25%,其中头孢噻肟耐药菌有49株（24.6%）。阳江地区大肠杆菌对受试药物的耐药率高于江门,且动物源高于环境源,尤其是头孢噻肟和头孢噻呋均存在显著差异（P<0.05）。头孢噻肟耐药菌中共检出19株携带blaCTX-M基因,包括blaCTX-M-55（n=17）、blaCTX-M-27（n=1）和blaCTX-M-65（n=1）,且blaCTX-M基因阳性菌均可对5~11种药物耐药,呈现多重耐药的表型。blaCTX-M-55基因环境均为ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-55-orf477,且在ISEcp1与blaCTX-M基因之间有3种长度的间隔序列;而blaCTX-M-27和blaCTX-M-65的基因环境均为ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-27/65-IS903。19株blaCTX-M基因阳性菌呈现10种PFGE谱型,存在一种主要流行的谱型（47.4%）,其包括多种来源菌株,暗示存在克隆传播现象。12株（63.2%）blaCTX-M基因阳性大肠杆菌中blaCTX-M基因转移成功,blaCTX-M基因阳性接合子携带的复制子型为IncFⅡ（n=10）和IncHⅠ2（n=2）,且存在多西环素和氟苯尼考耐药表型与blaCTX-M基因共转移现象。研究发现,阳江鹅场大肠杆菌耐药情况较为严重,blaCTX-M基因存在一定的流行性且以blaCTX-M-55亚型为主,blaCTX-M基因阳性菌的克隆传播和质粒及插入序列ISEcp1介导的水平传播是导致该基因在鹅场大肠杆菌中扩散的主要原因,应引起高度重视。  相似文献   

5.
为了解新疆动物源产CTX-M大肠埃希氏菌携带的CTX-M基因亚型和多重耐药性的特点，采用PCR方法检测新疆猪、牛、羊、骆驼、马、鸡、鹅、鸽、犬和猫源产CTX-M大肠埃希氏菌的CTX-M基因亚型(blaCTX-M-1、blaCTX-M-2和blaCTX-M-9亚群),利用K-B纸片法对产CTX-M大肠埃希氏菌进行药物敏感性检测。结果显示，在148株产CTX-M大肠埃希氏菌中，blaCTX-M-1亚群的检出率最高为76.35%(113/148),blaCTX-M-9亚群次之为20.27%(30/148),2.70%(4/148)的菌株同时携带blaCTX-M-1和blaCTX-M-9亚群，0.68%(1/148)不可分型，未检出blaCTX-M-2亚群。药敏试验结果显示，148株产CTX-M大肠埃希氏菌中对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、阿莫西林、四环素、头孢噻肟和头孢曲松的耐药率在93.24%～99.32%,对环丙沙星、庆大...  相似文献   

6.
致病性大肠杆菌耐药程度日益严重,已对畜牧业生产安全和公共卫生安全构成了较大威胁。2020年山东省某鸭场发生疑似禽大肠杆菌病,大批雏鸭死亡。为精准诊断和了解病原耐药情况,对病死鸭心脏组织病料进行细菌分离,并对分离菌进行16S rDNA鉴定、抗菌药物敏感性测定和β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaCTX-M检测。结果显示:从2只病死鸭心脏组织中分离出CD4-10、CD4-12等2株大肠杆菌;2株分离菌均对头孢噻肟、头孢噻呋、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、链霉素、卡那霉素、强力霉素、萘啶酸和氟苯尼考高度耐药,对多黏菌素、美罗培南和磷霉素敏感,其中CD4-12菌株还对阿米卡星和庆大霉素表现敏感。2株菌均携带blaCTX-M-1G耐药基因,未携带blaCTX-M-9G耐药基因。结果表明,该鸭场大批雏鸭死亡是由多重耐药的大肠杆菌感染引起的,且分离菌耐药十分严重,因其携带blaCTX-M-1G基因而对β-内酰胺类药物耐药。本研究为当地禽大肠杆菌病临床用药、疫苗制备及肉鸭科学养殖提供了信息支持。  相似文献   

7.
《中国兽医学报》2019,(9):1735-1743
对从山东某养鸡场分离的29株鸡源大肠杆菌和从广东某兽医站采集的182份死禽器官样品筛查bla_(NDM)阳性大肠杆菌,采用药敏试验检测产NDM(New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase)大肠杆菌对14种抗菌药物的敏感性,PCR方法检测菌株携带的其他耐药基因;通过脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed filed gel electrophoresis,PFGE)分析菌株间的亲缘关系,并进一步进行接合转移/转化试验、Southern blot杂交以及复制子分型分析bla_(NDM)质粒特征。结果显示:在29株山东鸡源大肠杆菌和182份广东病死禽样品中分别检测到9株和22株bla_(NDM)阳性大肠杆菌,bla_(NDM)基因亚型包括bla_(NDM-1、)bla_(NDM-5和)bla_(NDM-9);药敏试验结果显示bla_(NDM)阳性大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素普遍耐药,对其他多类抗生素耐药率也较高;PFGE分型表明,bla_(NDM)阳性大肠杆菌亲缘关系总体较远,在小范围内存在克隆现象;Southern blot和接合转移试验结果表明,所有菌株bla_(NDM)基因定位于质粒上,且大部分携带bla_(NDM)基因的质粒可进行接合转移,质粒为IncB/O、IncY、IncX3、IncHI2和IncI1-HI2型质粒。结果表明:bla_(NDM)阳性大肠杆菌在广东和山东某些地区流行较为严重,且多重耐药现象严重;bla_(NDM)基因主要通过接合转移方式进行水平传播,也存在小范围的克隆传播。  相似文献   

8.
为了探究犬源肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢菌素类药物的耐药情况，试验对从海南省12个市县公园中采集的357份新鲜犬粪便拭子，采用分离培养初筛、形态学观察、药敏试验及PCR扩增16S rRNA、耐药基因检测及接合转移试验等方法对细菌特性进行研究。结果表明：共鉴定得到9株耐药性肺炎克雷伯菌，其中8株呈现多重耐药性，对氨苄西林、复方新诺明和头孢曲松的耐药率为88.9%,对庆大霉素、环丙沙星、头孢吡肟、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星也呈不同程度的耐药(22.2%～55.6%);耐药基因blaCTX-M、blaTEM、blaSHV、blaCTX-M-14、blaCTX-M-15的检出率分别为100%、66.7%、55.6%、33.3%、44.4%,未检出blaCTX-M-2、blaCTX-M-64和blaCTX-M-123基因；分离菌株能通过接合途径发生耐药基因的水平传递。说明排泄于公园环境的犬粪便含有耐头孢菌素类药物的肺炎克雷伯菌，绝大多数菌...  相似文献   

9.
为调查产CMY-2大肠杆菌在广东各养殖场的流行情况,对2010—2011年间分离自猪、鸡、鸭、鹅等动物的1293株大肠杆菌,采用PCR方法筛选出blaCMY-2阳性菌株,琼脂稀释法测定阳性菌株对17种抗微生物药物的敏感性;接合转移试验和XbaⅠ酶切PFGE图谱分析blaCMY-2基因转移扩散的方式。结果显示,1293株大肠杆菌中27 株含有blaCMY-2 基因,检出率为2.09%,均为多重耐药菌株,主要耐药谱型为AMP/CHL/TET/FLF/CTF/CTX/CAZ/CTR/GEN/CIP/ENR/NAL/OQX;27 株携带blaCMY-2 基因菌株中有14 株的blaCMY-2 基因可随质粒转移到受体菌E.coli C600中,且往往与blaTEM-1和(或)qnrS1共同转移;PFGE分析结果显示,27 株携带blaCMY-2 基因菌株共产生17条谱带,其中有4株菌株,两两分别来自同一地区,存在克隆传播关系。提示,在广东地区食品动物养殖场内存在产CMY-2大肠杆菌的克隆传播,且blaCMY-2 基因伴随可转移质粒或其他可转移移动元件可能是造成产CMY-2大肠杆菌流行分布的主要原因。  相似文献   

10.
为了探究水禽源大肠杆菌的耐药性、耐药基因携带情况及其与质粒的相关性，试验用纸片扩散法检测62株水禽源大肠杆菌对14种抗菌药物的耐药性，用PCR方法对13种耐药基因和18种质粒进行扩增，并对质粒检出率较高的阳性菌株进行耐药基因的检测。结果表明：62株水禽源大肠杆菌对阿莫西林、美洛西林和链霉素的耐药性较高，耐药率分别为88.7%、74.2%和51.6%;对丁胺卡那和头孢哌酮耐药性较低，耐药率分别为3.2%和1.6%。aac(6′)-Ib、TEM、qnrD及qnrS基因的检出率较高，分别为66.1%、59.7%、46.8%和29.0%;共检出6种质粒IncFIA、IncFIB、IncY、IncI1、IncHI2、IncN,其中质粒IncFIB的检出率最高，为80.6%。IncFIB阳性菌株的aac(6′)-Ib基因检出率为72.0%,qnrS基因检出率为22.0%。说明水禽源大肠杆菌耐药性高，常见耐药基因以aac(6′)-Ib为主，常见质粒以IncFIB为主，质粒IncFIB介导的aac(6′)-Ib基因传播较为流行。  相似文献   

11.

Background

The already high and increasing occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in European broiler populations is of concern due to the fact that third and fourth generation cephalosporins are deemed critically important in human medicine. In Sweden 34% of the broilers carry ESBL/pAmpC producing E. coli in their gut, despite the absence of a known selection pressure such as antimicrobial usages. The aim of the current study was to characterise a selection of E. coli strains carrying the blaCTX-M-1, to determine if the spread was due to a specific clone.

Findings

Ten isolates carrying blaCTX-M-1 from Swedish broilers belonged to eight different multi-locus sequence types with three isolates belonging to ST155. The ST155 isolates were identical as assessed by PFGE. The blaCTX-M-1 was in all isolates carried on a plasmid of replicon type incI, which also transferred resistance to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole.

Conclusion

The occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the Swedish broilers is not due to the emergence of a single clone, but rather the spread of a specific incI plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-1.  相似文献   

12.
The emergence of CTX-M-1 producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) has become a serious challenge. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, a number of virulence factors have been shown. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of O- serogroups, phylogenetic groups, exotoxin genes, and antimicrobial resistance properties of CTX-M-1- producing UPEC. A total of 248 UPEC isolates were collected. The antibiotic resistance was performed, and PCR was used to detect the blaCTX-M1, exotoxins, serogroups and phylogroups of UPEC. Of 248 isolates, 95 (38.3%) harbored blaCTX-M-1. Of them, serogroups O1 and O25 were predominant, accounting for 20% and 13.7%, respectively. The hlyA was the dominant exotoxin gene (32.6%), followed by sat (28.4%), vat (22.1%), cnf (13.7%), picU (8.4%), and cdt (2.1%). The hlyA gene was significantly associated with pyelonephritis (P = 0.003). Moreover, almost half of the isolates (45.4%) belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Most of exotoxin genes were present in significantly higher proportions in group B2 isolates except cdt gene (P < 0.05). All of the isolates were susceptible to imipenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. The CTX-M-1-producing UPEC strains causing nosocomial infections are more likely to harbor certain exotoxin genes, raising the possibility that this increase in virulence genes may result in an increased risk of complicated UTI.  相似文献   

13.
Thirty-five Escherichia coli isolates obtained from the liver, spleen and intestines of 180 frugivorous and insectivorous bats were investigated for antimicrobial resistance phenotypes/genotypes, prevalence of Extended-Spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production, virulence gene detection and molecular typing. Eight (22.9 %) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Two isolates were cefotaxime-resistant, ESBL-producers and harbored the blaCTX-M-15 gene; they belonged to ST10184-D and ST2178-B1 lineages. tet(A) gene was detected in all tetracycline-resistant isolates while int1 (n = 8) and blaTEM (n = 7) genes were also found. Thirty-three of the E. coli isolates were assigned to seven phylogenetic groups, with B1 (45.7 %) being predominant. Three isolates were enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) pathovars, containing the eae gene (with the variants gamma and iota), and lacking stx1/stx2 genes. Bats in Nigeria are possible reservoirs of potentially pathogenic MDR E. coli isolates which may be important in the ecology of antimicrobial resistance at the human-livestock-wildlife-environment interfaces. The study reinforces the importance of including wildlife in national antimicrobial resistance monitoring programmes.  相似文献   

14.
A total of 318 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from different food-producing animals affected with colibacillosis between 2001 and 2006 were subjected to phylogenetic analysis: 72 bovine isolates, 89 poultry isolates and 157 porcine isolates. Overall, the phylogenetic group A was predominant in isolates from cattle (36/72, 50%) and pigs (101/157, 64.3%) whereas groups A (44/89, 49.4%) and D (40/89, 44.9%) were predominant in isolates from poultry. In addition, group B2 was not found among diseased food-producing animals except for a poultry isolate. Thus, the phylogenetic group distribution of E. coli from diseased animals was different by animal species. Among the 318 isolates, cefazolin resistance (minimum inhibitory concentrations: ≥32 μg/ml) was found in six bovine isolates, 29 poultry isolates and three porcine isolates. Of them, 11 isolates (nine from poultry and two from cattle) produced extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). The two bovine isolates produced blaCTX-M-2, while the nine poultry isolates produced blaCTX-M-25 (4), blaSHV-2 (3), blaCTX-M-15 (1) and blaCTX-M-2 (1). Thus, our results showed that several types of ESBL were identified and three types of β-lactamase (SHV-2, CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-15) were observed for the first time in E. coli from diseased animals in Japan.  相似文献   

15.
Seventy-six faecal samples were obtained from broilers at slaughterhouse level in Portugal. Samples were inoculated on cefotaxime-supplemented Levine agar plates. Cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from 32 samples (42.1%), obtaining a total of 34 E. coli isolates (one or two isolates per sample). Susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was studied by disk diffusion method, and 85% of the isolates presented a phenotype of multi-resistance that included antimicrobial agents of at least four different families. Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases (ESBL) of the TEM and CTX-M groups were detected in 31 ESBL-positive E. coli isolates. Twenty-six isolates harboured the blaTEM-52 gene and two of them also harboured blaTEM-1b. The blaCTX-M-14 gene was identified in three isolates (in association with blaTEM-1b in one of them), and blaCTX-M-32 was demonstrated in two additional isolates. Three of the 34 cefotaxime-resistant isolates (9%) did not produce ESBLs, and two of them presented mutations at positions −42 (C → T), −18 (G → A), −1 (C → T), and +58(C → T) of the promoter/attenuator region of ampC gene. tet(A) and/or tet(B) genes were detected in all 34 tetracycline-resistant isolates, aadA in all 26 streptomycin-resistant isolates; cmlA in 3 of 6 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates, and aac(3)-II or aac(3)-I + aac(3)-IV genes in all 4 gentamicin-resistant isolates. Different combinations of sul1, sul2 and sul3 genes were demonstrated among the 22 trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates. Amino acid changes in GyrA and ParC proteins were identified in all 18 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. The results of this study indicate that the intestinal tract of healthy poultry is a reservoir of ESBL-positive E. coli isolates.  相似文献   

16.
Multidrug resistant Salmonella Kentucky strains have been isolated from turkeys in Poland since 2009. Multiple mutations within chromosomal genes gyrA and parC were responsible for high-level ciprofloxacin resistance. One of the isolates was extended spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL) positive: the strain 1643/2010 carried a conjugative 167,779 bps plasmid of IncA/C family. The sequence analysis revealed that it carried a blaCTX-M-25 gene and an integron with another β-lactamase encoding gene—blaOXA-21. This is the first known report of a CTX-M-25 encoding gene both in Poland and in Salmonella Kentucky world-wide, as well as in the IncA/C plasmid. Analysis of the integron showed a novel arrangement of gene cassettes—aacA4, aacC-A1 and blaOXA-21 where the latter might result from an intergeneric gene transfer. The study confirmed Salmonella Kentucky population isolated in Poland belongs to global epidemics of high level fluoroquinolone resistant clone ST198 that can carry rare β-lactamase genes.  相似文献   

17.
1. Bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics has risen dramatically in Escherichia coli from food animals. In a previous study, 29 randomly selected chicken products, collected in Portugal, were analysed for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing E. coli; and during this study the genetic characterisation of ESBLs genes was investigated.

2. The presence of genes encoding TEM, OXA, SHV, and CTX-M type beta-lactamases was studied by PCR followed by sequencing. Additionally, other mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic groups and the presence of virulence determinants were evaluated among the isolates.

3. β-lactamases genes were identified as follows: bla CTX-M-14 (n?=?4), bla CTX-M-1 (n?=?2), bla CTX-M-9 (n?=?4) and bla TEM-52 (n?=?13). Mutations at positions ?42, ?18, ?1, and +58 of ampC promoter region were identified in 4 non-ESBL-producing isolates. The tet(A) or tet(B) genes were identified in all tetracycline-resistant isolates; the aadA gene detected in 8 of 10 streptomycin-resistant isolates; the aac(3)-II gene in all gentamicin-resistant isolates; the cmlA gene in the chloramphenicol-resistant isolate; and sul1 and/or sul2 and/or sul3 genes were found in all trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates. The intI1 gene was detected in 8 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates and the intI2 gene in 4 isolates; one gene cassette arrangements were identified among class 1 integrons (dfrA1?+?aadA1) and among the class 2 integrons (dfrA1?+?sat2?+?aadA1). Among cefotaxime-resistant isolates, 16 belonged to A or B1 phylogenetic groups, while 11 isolates were classified into the D or B2 phylogroups. At least one virulence-associated gene (aer, fimA, or papC) was detected in 74·1% of the cefotaxime-resistant isolates.

4. Because ESBLs-producing bacteria are resistant to a broad range of β-lactams, infections caused by these organisms complicate therapy and limit treatment options.  相似文献   

18.
1. A field study was performed to investigate the presence and characteristics of ciprofloxacin-resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC Escherichia coli from turkeys in Great Britain. E. coli were isolated from ～9000 boot swab samples from 27 different farms owned by four different companies. Between 1 and 14 visits were made to each farm (mean 3) at between 0 and 15?m intervals (mean?～?5?m).

2. CHROMagar ECC with and without ciprofloxacin or cephalosporin antibiotics was used as selective isolation media. Representative isolates with different phenotypes were tested for mutations in gyrA and for: qnrA, B, S, qepA and aac(6′)-Ib genes, for ESBL phenotype, the presence of bla CTX-M genes and plasmid type, and for ampC genes. Representative ciprofloxacin-resistant and CTX-M isolates were further tested for serotype and PFGE type. On ciprofloxacin selective media 55% of samples yielded ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli and of those further analysed, most had ciprofloxacin MICs >4 mg/l and mutations in gyrA.

3. For the different companies, the mean number of samples per farm with cefoxitin- or cefotaxime-resistant isolates ranged from 1·0% to 61·9% and 4·7% to 31·7% respectively. Cefotaxime-resistance was most commonly associated with an ESBL phenotype, a CTX-M-1 or CTX-M-14 sequence type and an I1-γ or K plasmid inc type. The mechanism of cefoxitin resistance was not determined for most isolates, but where determined it was bla CMY-2.

4. PFGE and serotyping showed clonally-related isolates persisting over multiple visits suggesting both more prudent use of antibiotics and improved farm hygiene are needed to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance in isolates from turkeys.  相似文献   

19.
Eighty-nine Escherichia coli isolates recovered from faeces of red deer and small mammals, cohabiting the same area, were analyzed to determine the prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing. Antimicrobial resistance was detected in 6.7% of isolates, with resistances to tetracycline and quinolones being the most common. An E. coli strain carrying blaCTX-M-1 as well as other antibiotic resistant genes included in an unusual class 1 integron (Intl1-dfrA16–blaPSE-1-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1-qacH-IS440-sul3-orf1-mef(B)Δ-IS26) was isolated from a deer. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was transferred by conjugation and transconjugants also acquired an IncN plasmid. This strain was typed as ST224, which seems to be well adapted to both clinical and environmental settings. The phylogenetic distribution of the 89 strains varied depending on the animal host. This work reveals low antimicrobial resistance levels among faecal E. coli from wild mammals, which reflects a lower selective pressure affecting these bacteria, compared to livestock. However, it is remarkable the detection of a multi-resistant ESBL-E. coli with an integron carrying clinically relevant antibiotic-resistance genes, which can contribute to the dissemination of resistance determinants among different ecosystems.  相似文献   

20.
Dissemination of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Salmonella is a public health concern in the egg production industry. ESC-resistant Salmonella often acquires the bla gene via insertion sequences (ISs). Therefore, this study aimed to assess antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella from Japanese layer breeding chains and egg processing chains, and determine the genetic profiles of IS-like elements in ESC-resistant Salmonella. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 224 isolates from 49 facilities involving layer breeder farms, hatcheries, pullet-rearing farms, and layer farms in breeding chains along with egg processing chains. ESC-resistant Salmonella strains were whole-genome sequenced. Among them, 40 (17.9%) were resistant to at least streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefpodoxime, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and/or kanamycin despite lacking resistance to azithromycin and meropenem. Moreover, 15 were ESC-resistant Salmonella harboring blaCMY-2 (Salmonella enterica serovar Ohio, n=12; S. Braenderup, n=1; untypeable with O7:b:-, n=1) and blaCTX-M-14 (S. Cerro, n=1). IncA/C2 plasmids containing ISEcp1, IS26, and multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (including blaCMY-2) were identified in S. Ohio isolates from pullet-rearing and layer farms belonging to the same company. Chromosomal integration of partial or whole IncA/C2 plasmids was seen with two S. Ohio isolates via ISEcp1 or IS26, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance genes such as blaCMY-2 might be transmitted among the upper and the lower levels of layer breeding chains via the replicon type IncA/C2 plasmids containing ISEcp1 and IS26.  相似文献   

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