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非洲马瘟(African horse sickness, AHS)是由非洲马瘟病毒(African horse sickness virus, AHSV)引起的一种通过库蜢等昆虫传播的、主要感染马科动物的传染病。我国是世界动物卫生组织认可的非洲马瘟无疫国,随着AHS疫情在东南亚的传播,增大了疫情传入我国的风险。AHSV编码了7种结构蛋白(VP1～VP7),其中VP7是病毒内衣壳蛋白的主要组成部分,在AHSV 9个血清型中高度保守,常作检测的靶标。此外,VP7蛋白的自组装特点对于AHSV亚单位疫苗和病毒样颗粒疫苗(VLP)的研究有基础性作用。对当前AHSV VP7蛋白相关研究进展进行了综述,以期为AHSV检测方法及疫苗等研究提供参考。 相似文献
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为了解山东省马属动物主要病毒疫病流行现状,采集青岛市2个马场以及济南、聊城和德州等驴养殖密集地市4个驴场的血清和全血样品各694份,分别进行马传染性贫血、H3N8亚型马流感血清抗体检测和非洲马瘟病原检测。结果显示:马传染性贫血、非洲马瘟检测全部为阴性,H3N8亚型马流感群体阳性率和样品阳性率分别为100%(6/6)和81.38%(520/639)。结果表明:马传染性贫血和非洲马瘟在这些养殖场点已得到很好的预防,但鉴于国外严峻的疫情形势,需要继续加强监测,防止病原传入;H3N8亚型马流感流行较为普遍,感染率较高,需要重点加强防控。本调查为山东省马属动物疫病防控提供了数据参考。 相似文献
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2020年3月27日,泰国官方向世界动物卫生组织(OIE)紧急通报,发生非洲马瘟疫情。随着全球经济一体化发展和"一带一路"的经济发展战略实施,我国与周边邻国的合作来往日益紧密,加大了疫情出入风险。鉴于非洲马瘟的危害和特征,笔者从国际疫情形势、边境养殖等方面进行风险分析并提出相应的防控措施,慎防非洲马瘟。 相似文献
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环状病毒是牲畜常见的重要病原体,主要包括有蓝舌病病毒、非洲马瘟病毒、马器质性脑病病毒和流行性出血热病毒等。这些病毒能够通过吸血性的库蠓传播。本文主要介绍了这几种病毒在世界各地的流行与传播情况。 相似文献
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Our investigation has shown that multiple vaccinations with inactivated African horse sickness (AHS) vaccines containing all 9 serotypes and produced at the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory in Dubai, UAE, protect horses from AHS. However, the immunization did not prevent African horse sickness fever (AHSF) in approximately 10% of the vaccinated horses despite high enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus neutralizing antibodies. African horse sickness fever is a very mild form of AHS with similar clinical signs. From all 6 horses which had developed AHSF, no virus was isolated from EDTA blood withdrawn during the acute phase of infection. Despite high neutralizing antibodies, serotype 9 was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 4 of them. All 6 horses recovered within 72 hours, after they developed mild clinical signs of AHS. 相似文献
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C. T. WEYER M. QUAN C. JOONE C. W. LOURENS N. J. MacLACHLAN A. J. GUTHRIE 《Equine veterinary journal》2013,45(1):117-119
To determine whether subclinical cases, together with clinical cases, of African horse sickness (AHS) occur in immunised horses in field conditions, whole blood samples were collected and rectal temperatures recorded weekly from 50 Nooitgedacht ponies resident in open camps at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, during 2008–2010. The samples were tested for the presence of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) RNA by a recently developed real‐time RT‐PCR. It was shown that 16% of immunised horses in an AHS endemic area were infected with AHSV over a 2 year period, with half of these (8%) being subclinically infected. The potential impact of such cases on the epidemiology of AHS warrants further investigation. 相似文献
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Fernández-Pinero J Fernández-Pacheco P Rodríguez B Sotelo E Robles A Arias M Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM 《Research in veterinary science》2009,86(2):353-108
A highly sensitive and specific TaqMan-MGB real-time RT-PCR assay has been developed and standardised for the detection of African horse sickness virus (AHSV). Primers and MGB probe specific for AHSV were selected within a highly conserved region of genome segment 7. The robustness and general application of the diagnostic method were verified by the detection of 12 AHSV isolates from all of the nine serotypes. The analytical sensitivity ranged from 0.001 to 0.15 TCID50 per reaction, depending on the viral serotype. Real-time PCR performance was preliminarily assessed by analysing a panel of field equine samples. The same primer pair was used to standardise a conventional RT-PCR as an affordable, useful and simple alternative method in laboratories without access to real-time PCR instruments. The two techniques present novel tools to improve the molecular diagnosis of African horse sickness (AHS). 相似文献
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Epizootiology and vectors of African horse sickness virus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
P. S. Mellor 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1994,17(3-4):287-296
African horse sickness (AHS) virus causes a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod-borne disease of equines and is enzootic in sub-Saharan Africa. The major vectors are species of Culicoides but mosquitoes and ticks may be involved. Periodically the virus makes excurisons beyond its enzootic zones but until recently has not been able to maintain itself outside these areas for more than 2–3 consecutive years. This is probably due to a number of factors including the absence of a long term vertebrate reservoir, the prevalence and seasonal incidence of the vectors and the efficiency of control measures. The recent AHS epizootics in Iberia and North Africa seem to have established a new pattern in AHS virus persistence. This is probably linked to the continuous presence of adult C. imicola in the area. Culicoides imicola is basically an Afro-Asiatic insect and prefers warm climates. Therefore its continuous adult presence in parts of Iberia may be due to some recent moderation of the climate in these areas. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: African horse sickness is an economically highly important non-contagious but infectious Orbivirus disease that is transmitted by various species of Culicoides midges. The equids most severely affected by the virus are horses, ponies, and European donkeys; mules are somewhat less susceptible, and African donkeys and zebra are refractory to the devastating consequences of infection. In recent years, Bluetongue virus, an Orbivirus similar to African horse sickness, which also utilises Culicoides spp. as its vector, has drastically increased its range into previously unaffected regions in northern Europe, utilising indigenous vector species, and causing widespread economic damage to the agricultural sector. Considering these events, the current review outlines the history of African horse sickness, including information concerning virus structure, transmission, viraemia, overwintering ability, and the potential implications that an outbreak would have for Ireland. While the current risk for the introduction of African horse sickness to Ireland is considered at worst 'very low', it is important to note that prior to the 2006 outbreak of Bluetongue in northern Europe, both diseases were considered to be of equal risk to the United Kingdom ('medium-risk'). It is therefore likely that any outbreak of this disease would have serious socio-economic consequences for Ireland due to the high density of vulnerable equids and the prevalence of Culicoides species, potentially capable of vectoring the virus. 相似文献
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Arthropod-transmitted viruses (Arboviruses) are important causes of disease in humans and animals, and it is proposed that climate change will increase the distribution and severity of arboviral diseases. Orbiviruses are the cause of important and apparently emerging arboviral diseases of livestock, including bluetongue virus (BTV), African horse sickness virus (AHSV), equine encephalosis virus (EEV), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) that are all transmitted by haematophagous Culicoides insects. Recent changes in the global distribution and nature of BTV infection have been especially dramatic, with spread of multiple serotypes of the virus throughout extensive portions of Europe and invasion of the south-eastern USA with previously exotic virus serotypes. Although climate change has been incriminated in the emergence of BTV infection of ungulates, the precise role of anthropogenic factors and the like is less certain. Similarly, although there have been somewhat less dramatic recent alterations in the distribution of EHDV, AHSV, and EEV, it is not yet clear what the future holds in terms of these diseases, nor of other potentially important but poorly characterized Orbiviruses such as Peruvian horse sickness virus. 相似文献
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African horse sickness: The potential for an outbreak in disease‐free regions and current disease control and elimination techniques 
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下载免费PDF全文 African horse sickness (AHS) is an arboviral disease of equids transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. The virus is endemic in parts of sub‐Saharan Africa and official AHS disease‐free status can be obtained from the World Organization for Animal Health on fulfilment of a number of criteria. AHS is associated with case fatality rates of up to 95%, making an outbreak among naïve horses both a welfare and economic disaster. The worldwide distributions of similar vector‐borne diseases (particularly bluetongue disease of ruminants) are changing rapidly, probably due to a combination of globalisation and climate change. There is extensive evidence that the requisite conditions for an AHS epizootic currently exist in disease‐free countries. In particular, although the stringent regulations enforced upon competition horses make them extremely unlikely to redistribute the virus, there are great concerns over the effects of illegal equid movement. An outbreak of AHS in a disease free region would have catastrophic effects on equine welfare and industry, particularly for international events such as the Olympic Games. While many regions have contingency plans in place to manage an outbreak of AHS, further research is urgently required if the equine industry is to avoid or effectively contain an AHS epizootic in disease‐free regions. This review describes the key aspects of AHS as a global issue and discusses the evidence supporting concerns that an epizootic may occur in AHS free countries, the planned government responses, and the roles and responsibilities of equine veterinarians. 相似文献