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1.
Patricia I. M. Silva Catarina I. M. Martins Erik Höglund Hans Magnus Gjøen Øyvind Øverli 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(5):1547-1557
Consistent individual variation in behaviour and physiology (i.e. animal personality or coping style) has emerged as a central topic in many biological disciplines. Yet, underlying mechanisms of crucial personality traits like feeding behaviour in novel environments remain unclear. Comparative studies, however, reveal a strong degree of evolutionary conservation of neural mechanisms controlling such behaviours throughout the vertebrate lineage. Previous studies have indicated duration of stress-induced anorexia as a consistent individual characteristic in teleost fishes. This study aims to determine to what degree brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) activity pertains to this aspect of animal personality, as a correlate to feed anticipatory behaviour and recovery of feed intake after transfer to a novel environment. Crucial to the definition of animal personality, a strong degree of individual consistency in different measures of feeding behaviour (feeding latency and feeding score), was demonstrated. Furthermore, low serotonergic activity in the hypothalamus was highly correlated with a personality characterized by high feeding motivation, with feeding motivation represented as an overall measure incorporating several behavioural parameters in a Principle Component Analyses (PCA). This study thus confirms individual variation in brain 5-HT neurotransmission as a correlate to complex behavioural syndromes related to feeding motivation. 相似文献
2.
Catarina I M Martins Johan W Schrama & Johan A J Verreth 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(15):1509-1516
Individual variation in growth, feed intake and feeding behaviour has been previously recognized in several fish species. However, there is a lack of information regarding the consistency of such individual differences, which is important to understand the probability of a certain individual trait to be inherent, i.e. genetically linked. The goal of this study is to quantify the consistency of individual differences in growth, feed intake/efficiency and feeding behaviour in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Forty‐eight juvenile fish (58.9±0.4 g) were housed individually for 47 days and weighed every second week. The consistency of growth, feed efficiency (residual feed intake (RFI)) and feeding behaviour (total feeding time (TFT)) was determined using repeatability estimates. Fish exhibited pronounced individual variation in growth (CV=52.8%), feed intake (34.3%) and in the TFT (>100%). The repeatability estimates were 0.55 for growth, 0.70 for feed intake, 0.49 for RFI and 0.81 for TFT. Individual differences in growth were mainly explained by individual differences in feed intake (～80%). Individual differences in feeding behaviour contributed to explain differences in feed intake by affecting the RFI. With increasing TFT, the maintenance levels also increased suggesting that slow eaters were less efficient in feed/energy utilization. The results of this study indicate that individual differences in growth, feed intake/efficiency and feeding behaviour are consistent over time and therefore probably inherent. Moreover, this study may have implications on the use of feeding behaviour as a predictor of feed efficiency in juveniles of African catfish. 相似文献
3.
Yasunori Ishibashi Takahisa Miki Yoshifumi Sawada Michio Kurata 《Aquaculture Research》2013,45(1):45-53
We examined the effects of feeding conditions and size differences on the aggressive behaviour and cannibalism in Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) Thunnus orientalis larvae. In a 24 h experiment, restricted feeding alone was found to remarkably increase the frequency of aggressive behaviour, which was further elevated by differences in fish size. In a 4‐day rearing experiment, while aggressive behaviour was increased by restricted feeding alone, the frequency of cannibalism did not change significantly. Although the frequency of aggressive behaviour did not increase with difference in size factor, small fish in this group gradually tended to die over 4‐day period. In the restricted feeding and size difference group, large fish were observed to bite the small fish, and almost all the small fish died on the day after the start of the experiment. These results suggest that the aggressive behaviour of PBT larvae is chiefly increased by the shortage of live food; however, deaths related to cannibalism mainly occurred in small larvae and rapidly increased with food restriction and differences in fish size. 相似文献
4.
M. JOBLING A.M. ARNESEN B.M. BAARDVIK J.S. CHRISTIANSEN E.H. JØRGENSEN 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1995,1(3):131-143
There are three main methods used in the study of feeding behaviour and food consumption in captive populations of fish. These are direct observation, the recording of feeding activity using‘on-demand’feeders, and the quantitative determination of gastrointestinal content using a non-invasive‘labelled feed’technique. Observational techniques have been widely used in studies of foraging behaviour and feeding responses, but these methods are usually confined to the study of fish held in small groups.‘Labelled feed’techniques are well suited to the monitoring of feed intake of individual fish held in large groups, but cannot be used for the continuous monitoring of feeding behaviour. They are, therefore, not particularly suitable for the collection of information about short-term changes in feeding rhythms, or possible diel changes in feeding activity. Studies of feeding activity may best be carried out using computer-operated‘on-demand’feeding systems, but the data collected using these systems give no information about individual feed consumption. Examples are presented showing how data collected using the three methods can be used to provide insights into how various abiotic and biotic factors influence fish feeding. 相似文献
5.
Chrisa K Doxa Ioannis E Papadakis Pascal Divanach Maroudio Kentouri 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(11):1623-1631
Red porgies (Pagrus pagrus) of 20.6±1.5 g mean weight were reared in tanks under four delayed self‐feeding conditions (0=control, 7, 30 and 90 s) after rod activation. The time intervals were chosen to simulate the time taken for a commercial pelleted feed to transit the tube linking a surface‐mounted feed hopper and the depth at which a cage might be submerged. Daily feeding rate, growth, food conversion index and condition factor were quite similar but fish behaviour differed among conditions. Fish remained close to the feeding point in the first two treatments (0 and 7 s delay) but foraged more widely in the remaining treatments (30 and 90 s delay), only reconsolidating around the feeding point a few seconds before feed was released. Results are discussed in relation to learning capacity and adaptation of fish to feeding behaviour flexibility, in order to develop reliable self‐feeding systems suitable for submerged cages. 相似文献
6.
There is intense international interest in the development of spiny lobster aquaculture and of particular interest is the development of artificial diets for spiny lobsters. However, there is little information on the feeding behaviour of spiny lobsters and their ability to handle and consume artificial feeds of different dimensions. Observations of the feeding behaviour of juveniles of the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii in culture found that they waste significant amounts of food through externally fragmenting the feed pellets before sweeping particles into the mouth. The consumption efficiency of different sized pellets was found to change markedly with increasing size of the juvenile lobsters. Up to 50% of artificial food was wasted by the inefficient feeding behaviour of the lobsters. However, consumption of the feed could be reduced by as much as 19% by altering pellet size. These results indicate that the size of feed pellets, and their consistency and fragmentation characteristics, will be critical aspects of cost‐effective feeding of cultured spiny lobsters. 相似文献
7.
8.
Abstract – Age-0 striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ) and potential benthic and epibenthic invertebrate prey were collected at three sites in the mid-estuarine region of the Hudson River, New York, USA. Diet was related to prey availability to investigate the role of selectivity in feeding behaviour. The effects of prey availability and selectivity on stomach fullness were also examined. Gammarid amphipods and chironomid larvae were most numerous as stomach contents; and chironomid larvae, polychaetes, and isopods were the most numerous invertebrates captured. When selective feeding occurred, gammarid amphipods, Crangon spp. shrimp, and chironomid larvae were most commonly the preferred prey. Selective feeding correlated with higher stomach fullness. Fullness was also higher when the preferred prey was categorized as epibenthic versus benthic. Interaction between prey availability and environmental conditions appears to be an important determinant of age-0 striped bass feeding behaviour. 相似文献
9.
Abstract – Serious impacts by nonindigenous species often occur via predation. The magnitude of impact is expected to be closely tied to the invading species niche breadth. For predatory impacts, diet breadth should be particularly important. We examined the relationship between a species foraging behaviour and its invasiveness and impact by comparing the feeding behaviour of four Gambusia species, two invasive and of high impact and two noninvasive. Individual feeding rates, feeding preferences, and diet breadths were tested across three prey items in a sequence of four laboratory feeding trials. Invasive Gambusia consistently fed at higher rates, but no species differences were found in feeding preferences or diet breadth. All Gambusia preferred Daphnia , avoided Lirceus , and consumed Drosophila in proportion to their availability. Female size affected most feeding variables. Larger fish consumed more prey per unit time and were able to incorporate larger prey items into their diets, thus increasing diet breadth. 相似文献
10.
Takahisa Miki Hiromu Nakatsukasa Norihide Takahashi Osamu Murata Yasunori Ishibashi 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(9):1339-1349
Aggressive behaviour, assessed by 24‐h observations, and survival rates, determined in a 2‐week rearing experiment, were examined in greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, subjected to single and multiple factors (high density, restricted feeding and diverse size). Aggressive behaviour frequency in the group subjected to both restricted feeding and size diversity (FS) was significantly higher than that in the other groups (Tukey, n=4, P<0.05). In the FS group, aggressive behaviour increased with the starvation time from 19 days post hatching (dph) to 23 dph (two‐way analysis of variance, Tukey, n=4, P<0.05), but decreased gradually thereafter to 46 dph. In the rearing experiment, the survival rates for the diverse size and FS groups were lower than those of the control or restricted feeding groups (Kaplan–Meier, log‐rank test, n=100, P<0.01). Daily mortality in all groups was the highest at 24 dph; although dead fish were usually small, disappearance due to cannibalism was not observed during the rearing period. The results indicate that aggressive behaviour in greater amberjack is induced by hunger and size diversity in the early juvenile stages (23 dph). Mass mortality during seedling production was mainly caused by injury and the death of small fish due to aggressive behaviour/cannibalism. 相似文献
11.
化学感觉和机械感觉与鱼类摄食行为关系的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鱼类的摄食行为是多种感觉器官共同作用的结果。然而,不同生态习性的鱼类在摄食行为中起主导作用的感觉器官是不同的。对于底层活动、夜间活动、深水活动的鱼类,由于生存环境光线较弱,非视觉器官,如化学感觉器官、电觉器官和侧线机械感觉器官等在摄食行为中具有更为重要的作用。根据近年来国内外的研究成果,本文综述了化学感觉和机械感觉与鱼类摄食行为关系的研究进展。重点阐述了嗅觉化学感觉和侧线机械感觉在鱼类捕食行为中的作用。 相似文献
12.
Consumption of feeds containing the antibiotic sulfadiazine by gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata,L.) and rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss,Walbaum) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Alicia Estévez Mónica Ríus‐Francino Jordi López Joan Freixes 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2291-2302
A method for studying the efficacy of sulfadiazine as a marker to estimate feed intake is presented. Feeding studies were carried out with two species, rainbow trout as a freshwater fish model and gilthead sea bream as a marine fish model, using two temperatures and two sizes of juveniles. The study showed the different feeding behaviour observed in both species, depending on the temperature and the number of days feeding the particles with sulfadiazine, and confirmed a dominant‐subordinate behaviour especially in the case of gilthead sea bream juveniles. 相似文献
13.
Influence of stocking density on the behaviour of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Felipe P. da Costa Brenda Suellen Franklin de Farias Gomes Silvia Dinara do Nascimento Alves Pereira Maria de Fátima Arruda 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(3):912-924
Applied ethology can help to improve Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture. Our purpose was to demonstrate an influence of stocking density on behaviour. The shrimp were first distributed in aquaria and observed via an ad libitum observational method to construct an ethogram of social and feeding behavioural categories. The resulting ethogram consisted of retreat, cannibalism, getting to the feeding tray, occupying the feeding tray and getting feed. We then kept shrimp in aquaria at densities of 50, 75 and 100 animals m?2 and observed them via a behavioural sampling method using our ethogram as well as focal animal sampling of behaviours derived from the literature. These literature‐derived behaviours consisted of inactivity, feeding, crawling, exploration, burying, swimming and cleaning. We found that stocking density affects the behaviour of the shrimp. Optimal searching and feeding and a low frequency of crawling and swimming occurred at a density of 50 animals m?2, indicating a higher potential for growth and welfare at this density. 相似文献
14.
The development of feeding behaviour in two rainbow trout strains and their hybrid was compared at the transition from endogenous nutrition to exogenous feeding. After 60 min of acclimatization, the swimming pattern, spatial distribution, agonistic behaviour and snapping of fish were quantified by making 5-min observations on groups of five fish. Behavioural patterns were recorded in four replicate groups per treatment, before and after the introduction of dry trout feed or Artemia nauplii (actometric tests) or extracts of these (olfactometric tests). Fish of the slow growing strain were less active than those of the other two strains. Greater swimming activity observed in the fish of the fast growing strain was associated with more rapid feeding and a higher number of snapping responses. Such behavioural precocity is of interest because it could provide the basis for the growth differences between the fast and slow growing strains. 相似文献
15.
Surface Breaking Behaviour in a Population of Captive Rays Raja: The Expression of a Need to Forage?
Observations were made of the surface breaking behaviour of a population of captive rays Raja. The behaviour was found to
have a temporal link with a scheduled feeding event, and to be most common in animals assumed to be hungry. It is suggested
that the behaviour is appetitive and is a method of foraging appropriate to the captive situation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
中华绒螯蟹触角及复眼在觅食行为中的作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用硝酸纤维素分别对河蟹的触角和复眼进行涂膜处理，以观察第一、第二触角及复眼在觅食行为中的作用，并对第一、第二触角及复眼作了电镜扫描。观察结果，初步认为幼蟹触角对寻找食物的定位起主要作用，化感器较多地分布于第一触角，而复眼在觅食中作用不明显。 相似文献
17.
Geoff L. Allan David J. W. Moriarty Greg B .Maguire 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1995,130(4):329-349
Fibreglass pools with sediment were used as model farming ponds to investigate the interactive effects of pond preparation and feeding rate on prawn production, water quality, bacterial dynamics, abundance of benthos and prawn feeding behaviour. Pools were either fertilised 1 month (prepared) or 2 days (unprepared) prior to stocking and either ‘high’ or ‘low’ feeding rates were used. The ‘high’ rate was 5.0% (range 4–8%) wet prawn biomass/day and was similar to that recommended for commercial farms. The ‘low’ rate was 2.5% (range 2–4%) wet prawn biomass/day. Juvenile Penaeus monodon (2.0–7.5 g) were stocked at 15 prawns/m2 and were cultured for 71 days. With the exception of one prepared, high feeding-rate pool where mass mortality (> 80%) of prawns occurred following an interruption to aeration, prawn survival was high (> 86%) and was unaffected by preparation, feeding rate or their interaction. Pond preparation improved growth and biomass gain by about 20%. Growth was 4% higher with the higher feeding rate but biomass gain was not affected and, as food conversion ratio was much worse, use of the lower feeding rate offers considerable scope to reduce production costs, especially during cooler periods. There was no interaction in relation to growth between pond preparation and feeding rate. Meiofauna were more abundant, and prawns grew faster, in prepared pools than unprepared pools at the start of the experiment. However, changes in bacterial dynamics or meiofauna abundance over time did not explain reductions in prawn growth over time. In general, water quality was reduced in pools receiving the high feeding rate compared with low feeding rate pools. Other interactive effects of pond preparation and feeding rate on water quality, bacteria, benthos and prawn feeding behaviour are discussed. 相似文献
18.
N. B. METCALFE 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(1):67-76
Abstract. It is becoming increasingly clear that cultivated salmon will not perform the way we want them to unless we have a thorough understanding of how the rearing environment will affect their behaviour. This paper illustrates some of the behavioural patterns that can influence feeding and growth rates, and how these may differ between individual fish. A salmon's appetite is not simply a function of temperature: there are complex daily, seasonal and developmental appetite rhythms, which result in some fish becoming anorexic while others continue to feed. The developmental switches which trigger some fish to become anorexic (and so delaying smolting) appear to be irreversible, but individual differences in behaviour in the period leading up to the switch point influence whether fish smolt early or late. Thus more competitive and dominant fish are more likely to become S1 smolts, and these differences in dominance status become established within the first few weeks of feeding. They appear to have a physiological basis: fish with higher metabolic rates (irrespective of initial size) tend to be dominant, and so subsequently grow faster. However, the extent of these behavioural effects will depend on the rearing environment. The challenge is therefore to allow all fish to feed without intimidation, and to devise feeding schedules which take account of complex appetite rhythms — only then will we be working with the fish, rather than against them! 相似文献
19.
Abstract. In four experiments, performed at the Agricultural University, Wageningen and the Netherlands Institute for Fishery Investigations, the effects of attractants on feed acceptance and growth of glass eels, Anguilla anguilla L., were studied. The results show that extracts from natural food or a mixture of synthetic amino acids improve acceptance of a trout fry crumble at first feeding of glass eels. Overall results can be greatly improved by initiating the feeding behaviour of the fish by feeding cod roe for the first few days. The results also demonstrate a strong effect of the feeding level on feed acceptance. At relatively high feeding levels no significant effect of attractants could be detected. 相似文献
20.
We have studied the effects of time‐restricted food access and ration restriction on gilthead sea bream demand‐feeding behaviour and nutritional use of the diet (Sparus aurata), and also compared the nutritional efficiency of three different feeding systems: manual, automatic and modulated‐automatic. In the first trial, fish were allowed to feed from self‐feeders under three different conditions: ad libitum, ration restriction, and time‐restricted food access, and their demand‐feeding pattern, diet utilization and body composition were analysed. In the second trial, animals were fed by hand or using an automatic system, either fixed or modulated, and diet utilization and body composition were analysed as before. Restricting the amount of food modifies gilthead seabream self‐feeding behaviour, with fish increasing the number of demands provided these are rewarded with food. However, demand‐feeding activity does not increase if rewards are restricted to a certain time. Feeding gilthead sea bream by hand versus automatically, and distributing the daily food ration in two or three equal or unequal‐size daily meals, have no effect on the animals’ growth, nutritional use of the diet or body composition. 相似文献