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茎芥菜胞质四倍体白菜雄性不育系花药发育的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以茎芥菜胞质雄性不育系与四倍体白菜杂交获得的同源四倍体白菜异源胞质雄性不育系及其保持系为材料,采用形态学和石蜡切片方法研究其花药解剖结构及发育。结果表明:该雄性不育为结构性雄性不育,其退化或畸形雄蕊分为5种类型:盾状雄蕊、条状雄蕊、片状雄蕊、羽状雄蕊和瓣状雄蕊。该雄性不育系花药发育败育有两个时期,盾状雄蕊花药败育于孢原细胞分化期,雄蕊整个发育时期均处在孢原细胞分化期,无绒毡层与花粉母细胞的分化,不形成药室,属孢子体败育型;其它类型雄蕊,花药败育发生在雄蕊原基分化时期,由于雄蕊原基偏离正常的分化轨道,形成瓣状化雄蕊。 相似文献
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《蔬菜》2020,(2):70-70
番茄作为一种严格的自花授粉作物,具有明显的杂种优势,番茄生产基本上都是应用杂交种。利用雄性不育系作母本进行杂交种子生产,可减少人工去雄劳动量,从而降低成本并提高种子纯度以及避免亲本流失。自然发现的番茄雄性不育系多数是隐性核不育系,转育过程长并难以找到有效保持系,制约了在番茄杂交制种中的应用。2020年1月10日,《The Plant Journal》在线发表了中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所李传友团队和北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心李常保团队合作完成的题为“A biotechnology-based male sterility system for hybrid seed production in tomato”的研究论文。该研究提出了一种利用生物技术对番茄骨干自交系快速创制相应的番茄雄性不育系和保持系,并有效应用于杂交种子生产的策略。 相似文献
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辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)是我国第二大蔬菜作物,而雄性不育性状是辣椒杂交种选育中最重要的性状之一。该研究利用辣椒不育系3198A和恢复系3414-3-5的杂交后代F2分离群体249个植株,在观察花药形态的基础上,对花粉育性的分离情况进行了遗传分析。结果表明:不育系、恢复系、保持系三者的花药形态存在明显的差异,不育系的花药瘦小无花粉,恢复系、保持系的花药大而饱满,成熟花粉中充满淀粉粒;F2代花粉育性分离结果分析表明,辣椒雄性不育系3198A的雄性不育性状受到3对隐性核基因的控制,且存在光温敏不育基因。该研究结果将有助于进一步研究辣椒光温敏雄性不育的遗传特性,分离并选育出光温敏不育系,加速辣椒杂交种的推出。 相似文献
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②雄性不育系的利用田福发等(2004)采用石蜡切片技术,在光学显微镜下系统研究了红菜薹波里马胞质雄性不育系(Polima CMS)、红菜薹萝卜胞质雄性不育系(Ogura CMS)及相应保持系花药发育过程的细胞形态学特征.观察结果表明,红菜薹Polima CMS花药发育受阻于孢原细胞阶段,不形成花粉,属无花粉型,此不育系花药不形成绒毡层和中层;而红菜薹Ogura CMS花药败育发生于小孢子母细胞期或四分体时期,表现为绒毡层细胞异常,挤压四分体,导致四分体和绒毡层同时解体而败育. 相似文献
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以簇生椒不育系‘001A’和同型保持系‘002B’为材料,观察花器官的形态差异,研究不同器官和不同花蕾发育时期不育系与保持系的能量物质含量和保护酶活性的差异,以探索CMS型簇生椒物质代谢与雄性不育之间的关系,从理化方面研究簇生朝天椒不育系‘001A’的败育机理。结果表明:不育系‘001A’花药干瘪、无花粉、花器比正常花器小、柱头露出花药,而保持系‘002B’花药饱满,柱头不外露。不同植株器官和不同开花时期均存在保持系‘002B’中的游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量高于不育系‘001A’;各个开花时期不育系‘001A’的丙二醛含量高于保持系‘002B’,植株茎和叶的丙二醛含量表现则相反。辣椒不同植株器官均存在保持系‘002B’中的CAT活性高于不育系‘001A’,SOD活性表现则相反;在各个开花时期不育系‘001A’的POD、SOD活性均显著高于保持系‘002B’,而不育系‘001A’的CAT活性显著低于保持系‘002B’。因此,不育系花药中营养物质的缺乏和保护酶间的异常,是导致簇生朝天椒CMS花粉败育的关键。 相似文献
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To develop a male sterile line of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) utilizing the cytoplasm of S. virginianum, an interspecific F1 hybrid between S. virginianum and S. melongena ‘Senryo Nigou’ was continuously backcrossed to S. melongena ‘Uttara’ using ‘Uttara’ as a recurrent pollen parent and four backcross generations, BC1, BC2, BC3 and BC4 were produced. All the plants in backcross generations were anther indehiscent although the F1 hybrid, S. virginianum and S. melongena were dehiscent. Pollen stainability with acetic carmine and in vitro germination ability of pollen in all the backcross progenies were quite lower than those of the parental species. Fruit set percentage, number of seeds per fruit and seed germination rate were high in all the backcross progenies. The present results indicate that anther indehiscent type of functional male sterile line of eggplant could be developed by utilizing the cytoplasm of S. virginianum. PCR-RFLP analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were performed to identify the organelle inheritance. The F1 hybrid and all the backcross progenies displayed maternal inheritance of mtDNA. The cpDNA of the examined single BC1 plant exhibited the recombinant cpDNA pattern of the parental F1 hybrid and ‘Uttara’, indicating occurrence of the biparental inheritance of cpDNA. As all the BC2, BC3 and BC4 progenies showed the same recombinant cpDNA patterns of the BC1 plant, the recombinant cpDNA might be stable and harmonize with the nuclear genome of S. melongena. The present male sterile line can contribute to expand the male sterility source of eggplant. 相似文献
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甘糖6号是综合经济性状优良的甜菜多粒雄性不育杂交品种,实践表明,甘糖6号的良种繁育,要掌握3个重点环节.即不育系及其保持系的不断选择和高效繁殖,父本的综合农艺性状的再提高及杂交制种技术及措施的落实。在良种繁育的过程中,要抓好各个关键环节,以保证种子繁育质量。 相似文献
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以不育系604A为母本,以03-91-562-1为父本配制而成的经济性状优良,符合市场需求的红萝卜新品种"福娃1号"。该品种中晚熟,生育期76d,株态半开张,开张度73.83cm;叶片长度44.7cm,叶片宽度19.43cm,主脉色泽红色,叶绿色,叶片阔倒卵形,肉质根扁圆形,皮色鲜红,肉白色,肉质根长度13.28cm,肉质根粗度16.6cm,表皮光滑。平均单株重1.83kg,肉质根重1.4kg。抗病性好,风味品质优,商品品质好,不易糠心,产量高,易于采收,栽培适应性强,适于辽宁省各地栽培。 相似文献
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Fengtong Li Sumei ChenFadi Chen Nianjun TengWeimin Fang Fei ZhangYanming Deng 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Anther wall development, microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis were compared between a normal male fertile chrysanthemum cultivar ‘NJAU04-29-2’ and the two male sterile selections ‘rm20-11’ (anther indehiscent) and ‘NJAU05-52-2’ (anther aborted). In both of the two male sterile types, the tapetum enlarged abnormally and showed signs of disorganization of walls at the onset of meiosis, the pollen was aborted, the anthers appeared shrunken, and the anther vascular bundle and connective tissue were degenerated by anthesis. In ‘rm20-11’, the two smaller pollen sacs began to degenerate at the microsporogenesis stage, so that only one or two microsporangia developed, while in ‘NJAU05-52-2’, only one or two microsporangia were formed following the archesporial cell stage, and most of the microspore mother cells degenerated during the course of meiosis. 相似文献
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‘京研60’花椰菜是以胞质雄性不育系CMS60-2为母本,自交系37-2A为父本配制而成的早熟一代杂种,植株生长势强,从定植至收获约60 d,单球质量0.8~1.0 kg,花球洁白,紧密,呈半圆球形;杂交纯度可达100%,耐热,抗病,适合秋季栽培。 相似文献