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1.
利用样线法对雪峰湖国家湿地公园开展鸟类资源调查与分析。结果表明:共记录到鸟类115种,隶属于13目36科,其中留鸟68种,夏候鸟25种,冬候鸟20种,旅鸟2种。鸟类多样性与群落特征随季节和生境变化而波动。受候鸟迁徙的影响,区域鸟类种类在春季最高,夏季最低。 相似文献
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结合文献资料,于2003-2004年对温州地区湿地鸟类、两栖、爬行、哺乳类野生动物物种资源进行了野外调查研究,结果表明,温州市湿地区共有脊椎动物59目210科795种,其中兽类5目12科32种,占浙江省湿地区兽类备种数的100%;鸟类14目34科185种,占浙江湿地区鸟类种数的88.12%;爬行类2目9科34种,占浙江省湿地区爬行类种数的100%;两栖类2目8科37种,占浙江省湿地区两栖类种数的84.09%;鱼类36目147科507种,占浙江省湿地区鱼类种数的72.53%。有国家重点保护动物种62种(一级10种,二级52种),列入《中国濒危动物红皮书》的49种,《中国物种红色名录》98种,有37种被列入IUCN 2002年红色名录,列入濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)的有58种,列入《中日候鸟保护协定》的鸟类有151种,占协定所列候鸟的66.5%,列入《中澳候鸟保护协定》的鸟类47种,占列入协定候鸟的58%,温州市湿地在动物物种多样性保护上具有非常重要的地位。在分析环境污染、过度渔猎、栖息地减少等主要的致危因素的基础上,提出加快湿地自然保护区和保护小区建设,加强湿地珍稀濒危动物物种保护,治理湿地污染等保护对策。 相似文献
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通过对郑州黄河湿地自然保护区鸟类资源调查和查询有关资料，保护区内共有鸟类169种，隶属16目，40科，有国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类10种，国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类31种。在分析郑州黄河湿地自然保护区现有鸟类资源区系、居留型和分布规律基础上，结合保护区所处区域的地理位置、社会经济情况等，找出保护区当前鸟类资源主要影响因素，并有针性地提出了... 相似文献
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自2009年至2011年初,对福建兴化湾西岸越冬水鸟资源进行了调查,分析该区域越冬水鸟的种类、区系组成和水鸟对不同生境选择特征。兴化湾西岸记录到越冬水鸟共8目12科26属46种,区系地理分布以古北界种类为主,居留型以冬候鸟为主,国家二级重点保护野生动物有黑脸琵鹭1种,属于中日候鸟保护协定保护鸟类有32种,中澳候鸟保护协定保护鸟类有18种;黑嘴鸥、黑脸琵鹭和反嘴鹬的单个物种种群数量达到国际重要湿地标准。因此,兴化湾西岸是迁徙鸟类非常重要的中转站。在7种生境类型中,水产养殖场与滩涂围堰养殖区的越冬水鸟物种数和种群数量是最大的,农田作业区最小。因此,兴化湾西岸越冬水鸟对水产养殖场和滩涂围堰养殖区的选择偏好性最大。 相似文献
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广东省惠州市建成区拥有丰富的湿地资源,同时位于全球候鸟"东亚—澳大利亚"迁徒路线上中端位置,在全球候鸟保护上具有重要意义.然而,快速城市化发展加剧了湿地鸟类栖息地的破碎与萎缩,威胁着湿地鸟类多样性的可持续发展.为进一步加强建成区湿地鸟类多样性保护,在建成区湿地鸟类资源全面调查的基础上,利用GAP分析方法对湿地鸟类丰富度的空间分布格局与热点区域进行了研究.结果 如下:(1)共调查记录到鸟类14目42科136种,有珍稀濒危物种12种;(2)建成区的北部和西部是鸟类丰富度最高区域,同时也是保护热点区域,在鸟类多样性保护具有重要地位.建议将尚未纳入自然保护地内鸟类丰富度高的热点区域纳入自然保护地体系,同时在北部和西部之间建立生态廊道,以实现对鸟类的有效保护. 相似文献
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2018年11月至2019年2月,采用样线法对舞钢石漫滩国家湿地公园的鸟类的种类与数量迚行了调查,结果:①共记录到鸟类13目28科59种,其中国家II级重点保护鸟类2种,河南省重点保护鸟类3种;优势种5种,常见种46种,稀有种8种;多样性指数2.666;均匀度指数0.6566;留鸟34种,夏候鸟3种,冬候鸟17种,旅鸟5种;东洋界8种,古北界23种,广布种28种;②鸟类多样性指数:农田生境(2.2522)湿地生境(2.3651)林地生境(2.6246);均匀度指数:湿地生境(0.6456)农田生境(0.6997)林地生境(0.7717);优势度指数:林地生境(0.1201)农田生境(0.1505)湿地生境(0.1515);3种生境鸟类群落的相似性:林地生境和农田生境的相似性最高(0.7636),和湿地生境的相似性最低(0.2899)。 相似文献
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2006年7月～2007年2月对武汉上涉湖湿地自然保护区动植物资源进行了调查,结果表明：保护区有维管束植物581种,其中种子植物556种;植被有5个植被亚型,20个群系．底栖动物29种,鱼类74种,其中省级保护鱼类2种．湿地兽类6目9科23种,其中国家二级保护种类1种,省级保护种类4种;湿地鸟类111种,其中国家重点保护种类一级3种,二级8种,省级保护种类36种;被列入国际贸易公约鸟类15种,被列入中国濒危动物红皮书的鸟类6种,被列入“中日候鸟协定”鸟类47种,被列入“中澳候鸟协定”14种,“三有鸟类”86种．认为上涉湖湿地自然保护区生态系统完整、自然,生物多样性丰富,物种珍稀特有,符合国家重要湿地标准． 相似文献
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2014—2023年6月和7月份,采用样线法对阿鲁科尔沁旗南部不同生境夏季鸟类物种组成及分布特点进行实地调查。共记录到鸟类117种,隶属于18目40科,包括非雀形目鸟类17目23科82种,雀形目鸟类17科35种;夏候鸟74种,留鸟27种,旅鸟16种;国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类3种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类17种。鸟类区系组成以古北种为主。3种生境中分布的鸟类种数由多到少依次为湿地（99种）、林地(35种）、草原(34种）,鸟类种数在8 a期间逐年增加。将进一步加强湿地生境的保护管理,重视林地和草原生境鸟类的监测,对阿鲁科尔沁旗南部夏季鸟类多样性保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
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2011—2014年,在吉林龙湾国家级自然保护区开展了夏季森林鸟类多样性调查,共记录鸟类9目25科74种,其中,候鸟6目18科47种,留鸟4目12科25种,旅鸟1目2科2种。鸟类多样性指数分别为4. 50±0. 08(Shannon-Wiener指数)、0. 93±0. 02(Simpson指数)、7. 05±0. 23(E. Pielou指数)、1. 37±0. 22(Margalef指数)。结果表明:除留鸟外,吉林龙湾国家级自然保护区也是众多候鸟的繁殖地。留鸟和候鸟4年间的多样性、丰富度及均匀度指数均未发现明显的波动,说明当地生境质量及生态资源丰富度相对较稳定。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献