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1.
梁理勇 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,24(4):59-61
对雷州林业局3种不同立地条件的6个桉树人工林地的土壤微生物的数量及其类群的分布规律进行了研究.结果表明:不同桉树林地的土壤微生物数量有差异,其数量与类群主要集中在0～20 cm的表土层中, 随着土层加深,其数量迅速减少;在深度为0～60 cm的土层中,同一类群的微生物数量变化范围较大,其中好气性细菌数量为2.46×105～6.48×105 个/g,厌气性细菌为1.14×103～8.8×103 个/g,自生固氮菌为1.3×102～3.01×104 个/g,放线菌为8.6×103～2.99×104 个/g,真菌为6.6×103～2.435×105 个/g,1号样地微生物数量最多,达2.45×106 个/g,说明混交林中微生物数量较为丰富. 相似文献
2.
桉树人工林地土壤微生物类群的生态分布规律 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了探讨湘南丘陵低山区桉树林地土壤肥力综合评价方法,研究了资兴市桉树人工林地土壤微生物数量及其类群分布规律.结果表明:资兴市桉树人工林地土壤微生物数量主要集中在0～20 cm的土层中,随土层加深,其数量迅速减少;在深度为0～70 cm的土层中,同一类群的微生物数量变动范围较大,其中好气性细菌为3.09×105～6.58×105个.g-1,真菌为4.43×104～3.53×106个.g-1,放线菌为7.50×102～1.60×103个.g-1,厌气性细菌为4.73×103～6.09×104个.g-1,自生固氮菌为2.50×10～6.00×102个.g-1;资兴市林科所桉树人工林林地微生物数量最多,其总数达4.01×106个.g-1;好气性细菌和固氮菌与速效氮呈极显著相关,厌气性细菌与速效钾呈显著相关,固氮菌也与速率磷有显著相关关系,真菌与速效钾有一定程度的负相关,钙元素对土壤微生物活动有一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
3.
樟树—马尾松混交林不同林龄土壤有机碳氮贮量及分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对湖南省天际岭国家森林植物园立地条件基本一致的3个林龄阶段樟树(10、24、45年)-马尾松(10、24、45年)混交林土壤有机碳、氮含量、贮量及土层分布进行研究。结果表明:不同林龄,同一林龄的不同土层土壤有机碳、氮含量和贮量均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。樟树-马尾松不同林龄各土层有机碳含量的变化分别为10年生3.73~18.04 g/kg,24年生6.84~21.12 g/kg,45年生5.36~21.46 g/kg。土壤氮含量的变化范围分别为10年生1.08~1.56 g/kg,24年生0.94~1.47 g/kg,45年生1.34~2.12 g/kg。樟树-马尾松混交林3个林龄阶段林地有机碳和氮含量均随土层深度增加而逐渐下降。樟树-马尾松混交林3个林龄阶段森林土壤有机碳贮量差异性显著(P=0.001),氮贮量差异性不显著(P=0.157)。3个林龄阶段林地土壤有机碳含量与氮含量存在极显著相关性(P0.01),除林龄为45年外,10年生和24年生混交林土壤有机碳含量与碳氮比相关性均不显著。10年时,樟树-马尾松混交林土壤氮与碳氮比之间呈现极显著相关(P0.01),24年和45年时樟树-马尾松混交林土壤氮与碳氮比之间的相关性不显著。 相似文献
4.
5.
为探究马尾松人工林发育对土壤不同活性有机碳组分的影响,采用时空替代法,选取黔中地区不同发育阶段的马尾松人工林为研究对象,研究马尾松人工林发育过程中土壤总有机碳(TOC)、重组有机碳(HFOC)和轻组有机碳(LFOC)含量、比例的变化及相互关系。结果显示：(1)不同发育阶段0～80 cm土层内重组质量分数的范围为83%～91%,轻组为9%～17%,重组中有机碳的含量为1.53～33.07 g/kg,轻组为8.20～119.10 g/kg;(2)通过对土层容重和相应有机碳含量进行加权,得出5个发育阶段TOC、HFOC和LFOC的平均值为11.62～18.83 g/kg、7.52～12.05 g/kg、4.10～7.33 g/kg, TOC和HFOC在幼龄林至近熟林阶段逐渐升高,在成熟至过熟林阶段降低,LFOC随发育阶段呈降低-升高-降低-升高变化趋势;3种有机碳含量均随土层加深而降低,且表层多显著(P<0.05)高于其他土层;(3)不同发育阶段0～80 cm土层内HFOC/TOC、LFOC/TOC的范围分别为32%～80%、20%～68%,但在发育阶段和土层深度间的变化趋势不明显;(... 相似文献
6.
为了解灰木莲、巨尾桉和厚荚相思3种人工林地的土壤肥力变化,为制定相应的营林措施提供参考,对3种8年生人工林0 ～ 20cm土层的微生物数量及土壤酶活性进行比较.结果表明:(1)不同树种的土壤微生物总量为灰木莲＞厚荚相思＞巨尾桉.同一树种在一年四季中的变化是:灰木莲林地夏季＞冬季＞秋季＞春季;巨尾桉林地秋季＞春季＞夏季＞冬季;厚荚相思林地秋季＞春季＞冬季＞夏季.(2)3种林地土壤的三大类群微生物数量特征表现为细菌最多,真菌数量最少,但在不同季节里有变化.灰木莲林地和厚荚相思林地的细菌数量明显大于巨尾桉林地;而巨尾桉林地的真菌和放线菌数量在春夏两季均大于另外两种林地,但秋冬两季则是3种林地中最少的.(3)3种林地的土壤蛋白酶活性在春季基本持平,但在夏季和冬季的差异却达到极显著水平;而3种林地的土壤过氧化氢酶活性均在夏季和冬季出现两次高峰,冬季的酶活性最大,差异达显著水平.分析表明不同树种对林地土壤微生物数量、组成以及土壤酶活性有重要影响. 相似文献
7.
浙江凤阳山不同林地类型土壤微生物季节动态 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在浙江凤阳山自然保护区选取7个不同林地类型(常绿阔叶林、针叶林、针阔混交林、杉木林、毛竹林、柳杉林以及灌草林)采集土壤样品,分析了土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌在不同林地类型、不同土层及不同季节间的变化规律.结果表明:在不同林地类型间土壤微生物数量差异较大,三大类群微生物数量关系为细菌＞放线菌＞真菌;不同林地间,细菌数量以毛竹林土壤为最高,针叶林的最低;真菌数量以毛竹林最高,针阔混交林最低;放线菌数量以杉木林为最高,针叶林为最低.不同季节各林地土壤微生物类群数量的差异很大,其数量变化具有一定的季节性,细菌、放线菌表现出夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季的规律,而真菌则表现为秋季＞夏季＞春季＞冬季的规律.在土壤剖面上,随土层深度加深,土壤微生物类群数量呈现出减少的规律,表层土壤微生物含量最高. 相似文献
8.
湖南省马尾松飞播林林地土壤肥力低下是制约其林分生长和发育的重要因素.通过土壤养分主成分分析,对马尾松飞播林土壤肥力级别进行了排序和分类,在此基础上,运用方差分析和灰色关联分析对土壤养分含量和土壤肥力水平进行了分析和评价.将湖南省马尾松飞播林地土壤肥力分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,全K、全N,微量元素Zn、Fe,以及土壤有机质含量在各肥力级别土壤中均存在显著差异,Ca、Mg、全P在各类土壤中的含量相差不大,全P在土壤中的含量极低,同时研究结果也表明,林分所处立地条件越好,土壤肥力水平就越高,这为马尾松飞播林林分施肥提供了科学依据. 相似文献
9.
第2代杉木人工林地土壤微生物数量与土壤因子的关系 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
根据定位观测数据,对湖南会同第2代杉木人工林地土壤微生物数量与土壤因子的关系进行研究.结果表明:杉木人工林地土壤微生物数量以山洼最多,山坡次之,山脊最少;同一立地类型中,0～20 cm土层中微生物数量最多,20～40 cm次之,40～60 cm最少;在同一立地类型中,微生物总数、细菌的数量秋季最高,冬季最低,而真菌和放线菌的数量夏季最高,秋冬两季最低;同一立地类型的板栗林地土壤微生物总数高于杉木人工林地;微生物总数与土壤含水率呈极显著线性正相关(P＜0.01),细菌、放线菌的数量与土壤含水率呈显著线性正相关(P＜0.05),真菌的数量与土壤含水率不具有相关性(P＞0.05);细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量和微生物总数与10 cm处土壤温度不具有相关性(P＞0.05);细菌、真菌的数量和微生物总数与土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量呈极显著线性正相关(P＜0.01),放线菌的数量与土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量呈显著线性正相关(P＜0.05).土壤温度、土壤含水率、土壤有机碳含量及全氮含量对杉木人工林地土壤微生物数量的贡献率为60%～70%. 相似文献
10.
内蒙古几个沙地土壤理化性状调查研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文对内蒙古科尔沁沙地、浑善达克沙地和库布齐沙漠土壤理化性质进行了调查研究。结果表明：在土壤0～60cm土层范围内,库布齐沙漠土壤容重平均为1．45g／cm^3,科尔沁沙地为1．50g／cm^3。科尔沁沙地各类土壤平均养分含量分别为：全氮0．042％,全磷0．018％,全钾2．706％,速效磷3．274mg／kg,速效钾35．190mg／kg,有机质9．095g／kg,pH值7．5;在库布齐沙漠：全氮0．014％,全磷0．035％,全钾1．808％,速效磷1．353mg／kg,速效钾67．360mg／kg,有机质平均含量为6．216g／kg,pH值为9;在浑善达克沙地：速效磷4．032mg／kg,速效钾67．247mg／kg,有机质含量为7．450g／kg,pH值为7．5。土壤微生物在沙地土壤养分循环过程中具有重要的作用,土壤真菌、放线菌、细菌平均数量在库布齐沙漠分别为：2．4×10^3个／g（土）、1．8×10^5个／g（土）和1．8×10^6个/g（土）;科尔沁沙地分别为：6．6×10^4个／g（土）、3．8×10^5个／g（土）、1．3×10^6个／g（土）。在土壤微生物群落结构中,细菌大约占73．5％-91．9％,放线菌约占7．8％-22．5％,真菌数量最小。土壤有机质含量是影响微生物数量的主要因子,二者间具有良好的线性相关关系。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
18.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献