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1.
A generalized additive model (GAM) was constructed to separate and quantify the effects of fishery‐based (operational) and oceanographic parameters on the bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) catch rates at Palmyra Atoll in the central Tropical Pacific. Bigeye catch, the number of hooks per set, and set location from 4884 longline sets spanning January 1994 to December 2003 were used with a temporally corresponding El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indicator built from sea surface height (SSH) data. Observations of environmental data combined with the results from the GAM indicated that there is an increase in bigeye catch rates corresponding to an increase in eastward advection during the winter months of El Niño events. A seasonal pattern with higher bigeye catch rates from December to April and a spatial pattern with higher rates to the northeast and northwest of the atoll were observed during this study period. It is hypothesized that the combination of the eastward advection of the warm pool coupled with vertical changes in temperature during the winter months of El Niño events increases the availability of bigeye tuna in this region. This increase in availability may be due to a change in exploitable population size, location, or both. 相似文献
2.
Commercially exploited tench populations in 755 lakes in the Northeastern part of Poland were observed on the basis of the
fishing data from 1951 to 1994. The observations were analyzed in five size categories of water reservoirs, whose total area
reached over 123,900 ha. The analyses were performed according to the parameter of a commercial fish catch per area unit,
taking into consideration the number of months per year when the lakes were exploited. Statistically significant differences
were determined in the mean value of the tench catch parameter between the different size categories of lakes. Similar time-related
differences were observed. In the lakes >100 ha the relative tench catch gradually declined in the successive time intervals.
Tench was the rarest in catches from lakes <50 ha. The complete disappearance of tench from commercial catches occurred first
as early as the late 1960s in lakes <200 ha. The largest quantities of tench stocking material were introduced to the lakes
from 1951 to 1972. The amount of stocking material per 1 ha of stocked lakes decreased for larger lakes. The average frequency
of tench stocking in the analyzed lakes was higher in larger lake size categories. On the other hand, in each lake size group
the frequency of stocking was found to have declined along with the average volume of the stocking material in the subsequent
11-year-long periods. 相似文献
3.
Abstract. Monthly catches of Atlantic salmon, Salmosalar L., and sea trout, Salmo trutta L., by anglers in a west of Ireland fishery were analysed. Data were available for 50 months from the years 1971 to 1981. The most important single determinant of catch was found to be fishing effort measured in boat-days. An additional 10 boat days were found to correspond to a catch of almost 6 salmon and 23 sea trout. The relationship between catch and stock was weaker, though a relatively high catchability of sea trout at low stock levels was recorded. Slock levels, fishing effort and environmental factors accounted for much, but not all, of the variation in catch from month to month and from year to year. Most of the effect of rainfall, sunshine and water level was attributable to variations in fishing effort associated with these factors. 相似文献
4.
An Empirical Biomass Model for the Japanese sardine, Sardinops melanostictus, was developed on the basis of the relationship between February sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio Extension (30–35°N, 145–180°E) and the mortality coefficient during the period from egg to age 1, observed in 1979–94, to examine the long‐term variation of biomass. The periods of the good and bad catch, the year of the biomass peak, and the speed of the biomass decline in the period from 1957 to 1994 were successfully reproduced, except for the biomass increase in the early 1970s. When the model also included with a density‐dependent effect, the whole history of the observed catch during 1957–94 was almost perfectly reproduced. These results suggest that the environment in the Kuroshio Extension region, represented by winter–spring SST, is regarded as a leading factor for determining fluctuations of the sardine biomass in the long term, and that the density effect has a secondary contribution. 相似文献
5.
ABSTRACT: A method of filtering logbook data to obtain estimates of catch per unit effort (CPUE) for sharks has been proposed which simultaneously addresses the issues of under-reporting and the lack of species-specific catch records in historical data. Logbook catch data from vessels with high shark reporting rates are used to represent catch rates for the abundant blue shark Prionace glauca and low reporting vessels' data are used for the main commercially valuable species, the shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus . Logbook reporting rate filter (RRF) levels are evaluated through analytical and model-based comparisons to species-specific logbook records available since 1994 and shipboard observer data. At the high reporting rates, the ≥ 80% filter avoids large numbers of false zeros and provides the best fit to observer data for blue shark. At the low reporting rates, the ≤ 40% filter best matches the observer data for makos, but this filter level includes large numbers of false zeros and sharks of other species. The ≤ 20% filter produces a dataset that is better targeted to mako catches but considerably under-estimates CPUE relative to observer records. For these reasons, other means of estimating mako catch rates are suggested for further research. 相似文献
6.
根据2013年至2015年春、秋两季在海州湾近岸的张网调查数据,应用多元统计分析方法对海州湾张网渔获物种类组成的时空变化进行研究,并分析了渔获物种类组成与主要环境、捕捞因子的关系。结果表明:共调查到103种渔获物,后续分析采用相对丰富度大于1%的共23个物种;相似性百分比分析表明,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)是第一、第二聚类组渔获物种类组成相似的典型种,其贡献率分别为26.68%和41.74%,同时这2个物种也是组间渔获物种类组成差异的分歧种;非度量多维标度分析和单因素相似性分析表明,海州湾张网渔获物种类组成站位和月份间差异性显著(P0.05),而年份间无显著性差异(P0.05);冗余分析表明,影响渔获物种类组成的主要环境因子为海表温度,其次为离岸距离、叶绿素a、海表盐度、海面风速及深度,底质类型影响不显著,最主要捕捞因子为有效网次,其次为日均渔获量,6个环境因子和2个捕捞因子共同解释了54.11%的渔获物种类组成的差异。本研究旨在通过分析海州湾近岸张网渔获物的种类组成及其与环境、捕捞因子的关系,为海州湾张网渔业以及小型渔业的研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
7.
《Fisheries Research》2008,89(1-3):15-23
Catch-per-unit-of-effort (CPUE) data were collected from anglers participating in gamefish tournaments off the coast of New South Wales, Australia, over nine consecutive years (1994–2003). Mean catch rates for 381 tournament days were aggregated by “lunar phase day” in order to analyse relationships between CPUE and lunar phase for eight primary gamefish species. Circular–linear correlation analysis identified significant relationships between moon phase and CPUE for black marlin (Makaira indica), blue shark (Prionace glauca), shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), dolphin fish (Coryphaena hippurus), and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) while no significant relationship was evident for blue marlin (Makaira mazara), striped marlin (Tetrapterus audax) and tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Periodic regression was used to identify the nature of the relationship between lunar phases and catch rates for these species. A consistent pattern of catch rates peaking over the period from the new moon to the first quarter was observed for blue shark, mako shark, dolphin fish and yellowfin tuna. Results for black marlin differed, with catch rates increasing to a peak between the full moon and the last quarter. We suggest that the observed variability in CPUE maybe a result of the movement of prey species in association with lunar phase. Further, we hypothesise that the observed species-specific differences in CPUE of gamefish are primarily mediated by physiological adaptations and limitations, which directly affect the ability of these predators to maintain access to their prey. 相似文献
8.
9.
Patterns of population variability in marine fish stocks 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Exploited marine fish and invertebrate stocks fluctuate in a myriad of complex patterns, exhibiting variability on interannual, decadal, and longer time scales. To characterize various patterns of variation, time series of catch, catch per unit effort, or biomass from 30 stocks were examined with a variety of statistical methods including autocorrelation analysis and Lowess smoothing. A hierarchical cluster analysis classified the stocks into six identifiable groups: steady-state; low-variation, low-frequency; cyclic; irregular; high-variation, high-frequency; and spasmodic. The observed patterns are consistent with life history traits; for example, stocks with high variability are generally small, pelagic species whereas low-variability stocks are generally slow-growing, demersal fish. Each of the six general patterns of variability can be produced from a simple multiple-equilibrium population model by varying the intrinsic rate of population growth, and the time scale and amplitude of environmental variability. Suitable management policies depend on the type of variation observed, and the vast majority of stocks examined do not correspond to the steady-state assumptions of classical fisheries models. For example, management of spasmodic stocks may alternate between periods of active exploitation and periods of rebuilding, a process enhanced by the existence of alternative fisheries. 相似文献
10.
报道 1 994年 1 1月至 1 996年 1 0月 (4～ 7月除外 )金丰 2号延绳钓船在中部大西洋公海 (0 9°N～ 0 5°S ,1 8°W～ 34°W )钓捕渔获物和各月经济鱼种上钩率的状况。经过鉴定共有 2 7种鱼类和一种海龟。在 2月的北纬渔场和 1 2月上半月在南纬西部渔场 (0 1°S～ 0 5°S ,2 4°W以西 ) ,大眼金枪鱼的上钩率达到高峰值 ,均大于 8‰ ,其它期间在钓捕海域上钩率在 2‰～ 8‰之间 ;在 1 1月、1 2月的北纬渔场和 1 2月上半月在南纬西部渔场 ,黄鳍金枪鱼的上钩率均大于 4‰ ,而在南纬中部渔场 (0 1°S～ 0 5°S ,2 4°W～ 1 8°W )黄鳍金枪鱼的上钩率最低 ,小于 1‰ ;箭鱼的上钩率在钓捕海域大体在 2‰以下 ,其它低经济价值的鱼上钩率几乎都小于 1‰。本文探讨了影响上钩率的因素。 相似文献
11.
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13.
中西太平洋海域是全球鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)作业的主要渔场,该海域鲣渔场的时空分布规律,尤其是高产海域,是渔情预报研究的基础和前提。根据太平洋共同体秘书处提供的1995-2014年中西太平洋鲣围网捕捞生产统计数据,对各年各月的鲣产量和捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)进行统计分析,通过产量重心分析和聚类分析,找出渔场重心变化规律,同时选取高产的22个渔区(分辨率5°×5°),研究时间和空间因素对CPUE的影响。研究结果表明,中西太平洋鲣历年产量逐步上升,CPUE波动较大,而各月产量和CPUE差异较大,高产月份主要集中在上半年;历年产量重心分布不均,经度方向上分布差异较大,聚类分析可分为4类;各月产量重心变化呈现顺时针变化规律,从南到北,自西向东,再从北向南移动,聚类分析可分为3类;渔获量主要分布于5°S～5°N、120°～175°E,因此对该海域CPUE进行统计,以年份、月份和渔区为影响因素,分析发现,极端气候年份与其它年份的CPUE有明显不同,月份间的变化与产量月间重心变化类似,上、下半年有着明显不同;不同空间下,经度间差异大于纬度间差异,135°～145°E为经度CPUE差异的分界线,而南北纬间的差异不明显。上述鲣的时空分布变化主要与ENSO现象引起的西太平洋暖池的变化有着密切关系,同时太平洋岛国的相关入渔政策也对其产生一定的影响。 相似文献
14.
闽南地区灯光围网夏汛渔获量预报的一种新方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以闽南、台湾浅滩渔场中上层鱼类群聚资源的变动趋势为依据,建立了闽南地区灯光围网夏汛(6～9月)单位日渔获量与前三年夏汛(6～9月)单位日渔获量的平均值的一元回归方程,预报复汛单位日渔获量。并以此推算汛总渔获量和单位汛渔获量的预报值。该预报可比1982年和1989年报道的两种预报法提前3～4个月发布。在1992～1995年的现场预报,准确率在76.70～99.85,平均90.85％。 相似文献
15.
Abstract. The catch from the fishery for the migratory Prochilodus platensis Holmberg on the Rio Pilcomayo shows considerable annual variation. Peaks were apparent in 1981 and 1982, followed by very low returns between 1983 and 1985 and a resurgence in 1986. The catch in 1986 was 1011t with the degree of annual variation probably lying between 500 and 2000t. In the Pilcomayo P. platensis is a rapidly growing short-lived fish with a maximum life expectancy of 6-7 years and an upper size approaching 61.5cm. The fish first migrate and appear in Bolivian' waters when they are 21/2-3 years old, having spent the first 2 years on the nursery grounds, probably on the Argentine/Paraguay section of the river. Although fish of this age were numerous in the 1986 catches, the optimal market size is rather larger, and older fish are taken preferentially. The fishery actually depends upon very few age classes. A comparison of growth and mortality rates obtained from scale reading and from length frequency analysis by ELEFAN programs showed a close agreement. The considerable fluctuations in the fishery are largely due to the highly variable flood regime of the river rather than to fishing pressure, with the flood determining recruitment in 2 years' time. Nevertheless, a combination of a sequence of poor flood years with sustained fishing pressure could seriously damage the fishery. 相似文献
16.
Fisheries management based on catch shares – divisions of annual fleet‐wide quotas among individuals or groups – has been strongly supported for their economic benefits, but biological consequences have not been rigorously quantified. We used a global meta‐analysis of 345 stocks to assess whether fisheries under catch shares were more likely to track management targets set for sustainable harvest than fisheries managed only by fleet‐wide quota caps or effort controls. We examined three ratios: catch‐to‐quota, current exploitation rate to target exploitation rate and current biomass to target biomass. For each, we calculated the mean response, variation around the target and the frequency of undesirable outcomes with respect to these targets. Regional effects were stronger than any other explanatory variable we examined. After accounting for region, we found the effects of catch shares primarily on catch‐to‐quota ratios: these ratios were less variable over time than in other fisheries. Over‐exploitation occurred in only 9% of stocks under catch shares compared to 13% of stocks under fleet‐wide quota caps. Additionally, over‐exploitation occurred in 41% of stocks under effort controls, suggesting a substantial benefit of quota caps alone. In contrast, there was no evidence for a response in the biomass of exploited populations because of either fleet‐wide quota caps or individual catch shares. Thus, for many fisheries, management controls improve under catch shares in terms of reduced variation in catch around quota targets, but ecological benefits in terms of increased biomass may not be realized by catch shares alone. 相似文献
17.
Fluctuation in stock properties of north-east Arctic cod related to long-term environmental changes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
O R Godø 《Fish and Fisheries》2003,4(2):121-137
From a historic perspective, the north‐east Arctic cod stock, which is found in the Barents Sea–Svalbard region, has been the most productive gadoid stock in the Atlantic. Variation in catch has always been large, but during the last 10–15 years catch and stock abundance have reached the lowest level on record. Three major causes of variation have been discussed: (i) stock reduction through exploitation; (ii) environmental influences on recruitment; and (iii) species interaction effects on maturation, growth and mortality. In addition, interactions among these three sources might be important. The influence of each specific factor is difficult to evaluate from incidental observations and short‐term time series. In this respect, the time series on catches and on biological and environmental information of this stock, which partly extend back to the 19th century, occupy a unique position in comparison to data on most other stocks. In this paper, fluctuations in catch and stock abundance are compared with changes in recruitment, size/age and growth. This information is discussed in view of historic variation in ecology and environment. The stock has been under particularly high exploitation pressure since the mid‐1970s. Further, large changes in growth rates and poor recruitment to the commercially exploited stock are characteristic of late 1980s and throughout the 1990s. The analysis shows that substantial long‐term variation might underlie short‐term variability, and more importantly, that long‐term changes roughly coincide with similar fluctuations in the environment. Such factors might substantially affect the relationship between spawning stock and recruitment, which is also apparent from the difference in conclusions reached by various published studies. Consequently, it is suggested that using a steady‐state perspective for the population dynamics may lead to mismanagement and to a reduction of the long‐term yield from this stock. 相似文献
18.
The rise and fall of Japan’s marine fisheries have been well documented and are clearly evident in official landings statistics. However, the extent of illegal, unreported and unregulated fisheries, including recreational fisheries, and the discarding of unwanted catch in Japanese waters, both of which may have significant implications on the success of management regimes, have yet to be closely examined. This study reassessed the impact of fisheries on the marine ecosystems of Japan’s Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) by estimating the total marine biomass removed through the use of an established catch reconstruction approach. Since 1950, 368 million t of marine biomass have been extracted from the Japanese EEZ as commercial catch, recreational catch, illegal catch and discards. Commercial catch accounted for 87 % of the total, while discards accounted for an additional 8 %. The disparity between the estimated biomass removals and the reported commercial catch is 48 million t, or 15 % of the reported catch. The difference is not as large as observed in similar studies of other regions. Nonetheless, the reconstructed biomass removals represent a better baseline for the management of fisheries in the Japanese EEZ, particularly if Japan is to move forward with implementation of output control management. 相似文献
19.
中西太平洋金枪鱼围网黄鳍金枪鱼渔获时空分析 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
中西太平洋的金枪鱼围网渔业目前的年产量约在1×106t左右,其中黄鳍金枪鱼占有很重要的地位。本文通过对围网捕获的黄鳍金枪鱼渔获数据进行时间序列以及空间位置变化等时空分析,试图找出其变化规律以及趋势。结果表明,20世纪70年代以来,随着渔船数的增加,中西太平洋围网捕获的黄鳍金枪鱼渔获量分布,从太平洋岛屿近海逐渐向太平洋热带中部海域扩展。渔获量经度重心随着中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业的发展有向东移动的趋势,70年代在128°E附近,到80年代在145°E左右,90年代在152°E左右,近年在155°E左右。而黄鳍金枪鱼渔获量纬度重心位于赤道区域,70年代在3°30′N附近,80年代在0°30′N左右,90年代在0°40′S左右,近年在1°20′S左右。经纬度5°×5°小区范围内10年内的最高总产量则从70年代的8×104t,增加到90年代超过20×104t。渔获量空间分布除了随着渔业发展向外海扩展以外,还受到被称为南方涛动的ENSO现象的明显影响,一般来说渔获量经度中心在厄尔尼诺年比较偏东,在拉尼娜年比较偏西,渔获量纬度重心在厄尔尼诺年或次年比较偏南,在拉尼娜次年比较偏北。此外,黄鳍金枪鱼渔获量经度重心在厄尔尼诺年变化比较大,渔获量纬度重心在厄尔尼诺年或次年变化比较大。 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT: Effects of sampling errors on abundance estimates from virtual population analysis (VPA) were quantified with the bootstrap method for stock of walleye pollock in the the Sea of Japan. In the bootstrap method, individual fish measurements were resampled. A total of 1000 bootstrap samples were produced for each year from 1991 to 2001. The coefficients of variation (CV) of catch at age in 2001 ranged 6.1–33.1%. The CV of an abundance estimate in 2001 ranged 9.0–35.7%. Abundance estimates of the oldest age and the latest year, which had larger CVs than the other estimates, were sensitive to sampling errors. Effects of sampling errors became smaller when the catch at age had been accumulated over a few years. Although VPA includes various types of errors, only the sampling errors have room for improvement in reality. Quantifying the effect of sampling error on VPA estimates is essential for sound and efficient stock management, and is emphasized in this study. 相似文献