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1.
Since the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured cells has been shown to be the most sensitive mammalian system to detect the effects of mutagenic carcinogens, Chinese hamster ovary cells and human lymphocytes were exposed to the sodium saccharin found to induce bladder cancer in rats. Both that saccharin and a highly purified extract of it increased the yield of sister chromatid exchanges in both types of cells. The results, which were repeatable and statistically highly significant, indicated that the weak carcinogen, saccharin, is also mutagenic in the sense that it induces cytogenetic changes. 相似文献
2.
2005年3～7月在新疆卡拉麦里山地区和北塔山地区的猎隼（Falco cherrug）食性研究中发现鼠类是其主要食物.调查中收集到猎隼食团342个,其中有鼠毛出现的食团是287个,占到83.9%.有鼠骨出现的食团是117个,占到34.2%.在鉴定出来的117个残留物种类中,大沙鼠出现次数超过15次.根据目击的结果分析,鼠类在食物种类中占绝对优势.由于繁殖季节对鼠类大量捕食,猛禽类能在生物防治鼠害中起到积极的作用. 相似文献
3.
Bladder tumors in rats fed cyclohexylamine or high doses of a mixture of cyclamate and saccharin 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
J M Price C G Biava B L Oser E E Vogin J Steinfeld H L Ley 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(921):1131-1132
Papillary transitional cell tumors were found in the urinary bladders in 8 rats out of 80 that received 2600 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day of a mixture of sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin (10:1) for up to 105 weeks. From week 79 on, several of these rats received cyclohexylamine hydrochloride (125 milligrams per kilogram per day, the molecular equivalent of the conversion of about 10 percent of the cyclamate dosage to cyclohexylamine) in addition to the sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin. In another study in which 50 rats were fed daily 15 milligrams of cyclohexylamine sulfate per kilogram of body weight for 2 years, eight males and nine females survived. One of the eight males had a tumor of the urinary bladder. In neither study were bladder tumors found in the control rats or in rats treated with lower doses of the compounds. 相似文献
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《农业科学与技术》2017,(10)
[Objective] This research aimed at studying the mechanism of the occurrence of epithelial cell loss in bladders of prenatal and postnatal mice. [Method] Bladder epithelia of 1-2-day-old newborn Kunming mice and mice at later period of embryonic development were acquired, and paraffin sections of such epithelia were then made for Mallory's coloration and ordinary optical microscopic observation. The acquired bladder epithelia were made into frozen sections, which were then colored by DAPI and labeled in situ by Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling(TUNEL) for fluorescent microscopic observation. DNA electrophoresis and TUNEL in situ labeling were conducted on the acquired urine exfoliated cells. [Result] The results showed that the complete three layers of cells occurred in 20-day-old mouse embryos, whereas no superficial cells resided in the bladder epithelia of newborn mice and no cells exfoliating were observed. Cells exfoliating from the bladder epithelia of newborn mice were observed, and they exhibited the phenomenon of apoptosis. There were apoptosis existed in the urine cells of newborn mice. [Conclusion] Therefore, the results showed that a few days before and after their birth, mice witnessed the process of cell exfoliation in their bladder epithelia and the exfoliated cells showed typical characteristics of apoptosis. 相似文献
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Human simple reaction times and magnitude estimates of taste intensity increased as the duration of 500-millimolar sodium chloride or 2-millimolar saccharin sodium pulses lengthened from 100 to 1000 milliseconds. Responses to "What was the taste?" ranged from 94 to 100 percent "sweet" for saccharin and 68 to 83 percent "salty" for salt across all pulse durations when both substances were randomized with water pulses. 相似文献
6.
将人类MCP(膜辅因子蛋白)和CD59(终末阶段同源限制因子)两种基因采用混合注射的方法,导入521枚昆明小鼠的受精卵原核中,得到原代转CD59基因小鼠14只,CD59的整合率为18.4%;转MCP基因小鼠12只,MCP的整合率为15.7%;转CD59 MCP双基因小鼠7只,双基因整合率为9.2%;转基因效率5%。通过5只存活的G0代转双基因小鼠和非转基因小鼠的繁殖,得到F1代转MCP小鼠14只,转CD59小鼠16只,转双基因小鼠10只;F1代双基因占33.3%。 相似文献
7.
An active cellular oncogene was demonstrated in hepatocellular neoplasms arising spontaneously in 24-month-old B6C3F1 mice. DNA isolated from the tumorous tissue and transfected into NIH 3T3 cells showed an 82 percent (9 of 11 animals) frequency of foci induction. In contrast, DNA isolated from the surrounding nontumorous hepatic tissue from the same animals and DNA from other 24-month-old B6C3F1 mice without tumors did not cause transformation in the NIH 3T3 cell assay. This strain of mouse is used extensively in carcinogen bioassays, and the observed high frequency of transformation (82 percent, compared to 10 to 20 percent in humans) supports the concept that the B6C3F1 mouse is hypersusceptible to liver tumor development. It also emphasizes the need to further understand the mechanisms of oncogene activation in animals used for long-term studies of toxicity and oncogenicity before evaluating potential human risk. 相似文献
8.
A marked difference was observed between the effectiveness of high and low dose rates of ionizing radiation in producing persistent chromosome aberrations in the marrow cells of mice. Clones of cells with chromosome abnormalities were present in the marrow of all the mice previously exposed to single or fractionated doses of x-rays given at a rate of 30 rad/min. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in these mice varied from 14 to 72 percent of the cells exdmined. By contrast, none of the mice exposed to continuous gamma radiation at a low dose rate (1.45 rad/hour) showed definite clones of abnormal marrow cells, and the frequency of persistent chromosome aberrations varied from zero to 8 percent in this group. 相似文献
9.
Tumor suppression with a combination of alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine and interferon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
alpha-Difluoromethyl ornithine and mouse type 1 interferon, when administered simultaneously, were highly toxic to B16 melanoma cells in culture. Oral administration of alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine suppressed B16 melanoma development in mice 85 percent whereas interferon given subcutaneously inhibited tumor growth only 24 percent. Total or near total suppression of tumor growth was observed in mice receiving both treatments. 相似文献
10.
Sensory evaluation indicated that aspartylphenylalanine methyl ester is about 160 times sweeter than sucrose in aqueous solution. Blends of this dipeptide with (i) sodium saccharin, (ii) sodium saccharin and sucrose, and (iii) sodium saccharin, sucrose, and calcium cyclamate did not differ significantly from 4 or 12 percent sucrose in bitterness, off-flavors, or aftertaste. 相似文献
11.
Total cholesterol concentrations in muscle, liver, and plasma do not differ significantly between adult male C57BL/10J and DBA/2J mice. In the adrenal glands of these two strains, of their hybrids, and of AC mice, concentrations of free cholesterol vary by 5 percent. Adrenals from C57 mice, however, contain six times as much esterified cholesterol as adrenals from AC or DBA mice. The intermediate concentrations of cholesterol esters in F(1) hybrids suggest that the difference in this measure is inherited additively. The finding of variation in adrenal cholesterol within a species is useful for the further study of the role of cholesterol in steroidogenesis by means of genetic analysis. 相似文献
12.
Influence of the major histocompatibility complex on positive thymic selection of V beta 17a+ T cells 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
A monoclonal antibody was used to show directly positive thymic selection of the T cell repertoire in mouse strains expressing the 17a beta-chain variable domain (V beta 17a) of the T cell receptor. In the absence of the potent tolerizing class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, I-E, peripheral expression of V beta 17a+ T cell receptors varied with the MHC haplotype of the mouse strain. In the most extreme case, H-2q mice expressed high peripheral levels of CD4+ V beta 17a+ T cells (14 to 19 percent), whereas H-2b mice expressed low levels (3 to 4 percent). Analysis of (b x q)F1 mice and chimeric mice showed that these differences were determined by positive thymic selection and implicated the thymic epithelium as the controlling cell type. 相似文献
13.
Human sickle hemoglobin in transgenic mice 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
T M Ryan T M Townes M P Reilly T Asakura R D Palmiter R L Brinster R R Behringer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,247(4942):566-568
DNA molecules that contain the human alpha- and beta s-globin genes inserted downstream of erythroid-specific, deoxyribonuclease I super-hypersensitive sites were coinjected into fertilized mouse eggs and a transgenic mouse line was established that synthesizes human sickle hemoglobin (Hb S). These animals were bred to beta-thalassemic mice to reduce endogenous mouse globin levels. When erythrocytes from these mice were deoxygenated, greater than 90 percent of the cells displayed the same characteristic sickled shapes as erythrocytes from humans with sickle cell disease. Compared to controls the mice have decreased hematocrits, elevated reticulocyte counts, lower hemoglobin concentrations, and splenomegaly, which are all indications of the anemia associated with human sickle cell disease. 相似文献
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Suppression of HIV infection in AZT-treated SCID-hu mice 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
The SCID-hu mouse, engrafted with human hematolymphoid organs, is permissive for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This mouse model was used to test compounds for antiviral efficacy. Two weeks after infection with HIV, 100 percent (40/40) of SCID-hu mice were positive for HIV by the polymerase chain reaction. When first treated with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), none (0/17) were HIV-positive by this assay. However, AZT-treated SCID-hu mice did have a few infected cells; after AZT treatment was stopped, viral spread was detected by polymerase chain reaction in such mice. Thus, the SCID-hu mouse provides a means to directly compare new antiviral compounds with AZT and to further improve antiviral efficacy. 相似文献
16.
HPLC法同时测定蜜饯中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠含量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了一种利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时检测蜜饯中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的方法。样品经处理后,采用高效液相色谱法测定,结果表明,苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠在0.01～0.20mg/mL浓度范围内呈良好线性关系（r≥0.9998）,检出限苯甲酸为0.10mg/L,山梨酸为0.09mg/L,糖精钠为0.10mg/L;其回收率苯甲酸97.69%,山梨酸96.31%,糖精钠101.80%。该方法简单、快速、准确、易操作,适用于蜜饯中苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠的测定。 相似文献
17.
本文以胎鼠卵母细胞为研究对象,分析了妊娠母鼠孕期暴露邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)对胎鼠卵母细胞早期发育过程中组蛋白甲基化修饰程度的影响,结果发现:妊娠母鼠在12.5 dpc到16.5 dpc 期间暴露40 μg/kg DEHP,第一次减数分裂前期的胎鼠雌性生殖细胞的H3K27me3表达受到了显著影响,导致H3K27me3强阳性细胞比例显著减少.该研究结果说明DEHP可通过孕鼠影响胎鼠卵母细胞早期发育过程中的组蛋白甲基化修饰. 相似文献
18.
目的:了解单纯高脂饮食对小鼠肺组织形态学的影响及细胞凋亡抑制因子6(Api6)的表达情况.方法:将8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为2组,分别饲以普通饮食和高脂饮食,14周后获得上述2组小鼠的肺部组织切片,进行油红O染色、HE染色和免疫组化实验,观察单纯高脂饮食对小鼠肺组织形态学的影响;提取小鼠肺组织RNA,检测Api6在病变小鼠肺组织中的表达.结果:与普通饮食组小鼠肺组织相比,油红O染色可见高脂饮食组小鼠肺组织有明显的脂质沉积;HE染色和增殖期细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫组织化学染色可见高脂饮食组肺组织肺泡间隔增宽,肺组织炎性细胞浸润,同时增殖期细胞明显增多;Api6在高脂饮食组小鼠肺组织中的表达明显升高.结论:高脂饮食可直接导致小鼠肺组织脂质蓄积和炎性损伤,Api6可能在其发病机制中发挥一定的作用. 相似文献
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Wheat harvested from the University of Maryland Agronomy Farm in June 1959 contained 20 to 50 micromicrocuries of strontium-90 per kilogram of grain. More than 90 percent of the strontium-90 came from deposition on aboveground plant parts, and less than 10 percent was taken up through the soil. About 1 to 2 percent of the strontium-90 fallout during the time the heads were exposed was retained in the grain. 相似文献