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HE Kang-Lai WANG Zhen-ying WEN Li-ping BAI Shu-xiong ZHOU Da-rong ZHU Qing-hua 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2003,2(12)
In this study,a transgenic Bt maize hybrid(event MON 810 from Monsanto Company)expressing Cry1Ab protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)and its negative isoline hybrid were evaluatrial. Maize plants were artificially infested with neonate larvae of Asian corn borer at the mid-whorl(firstgeneration),pre-tassel(first-and/or second-generation),and silk(second-generation)growth stages.The transgenic Bt maize hybrid sustained significantly less leaf feeding damage(rating 1.0±0.0)than its negative isoline control(rating 7.3±0.1).With the Bt maize,1.3-6.8%of plants were damaged by corn borer tunneling with＜0.5 cm tunneling per stalk under different levels of infestation,compared with 100%of plants damaged with 9.3-25.0 cm tunneling per stalk for the negative isoline control. On average,transgenic Bt maize hybrids had only 0.01-0.05 tunnels per stalk and no stems were broken.In contrast,the negative isoline control had 3.11-8.36 tunnels per stalk and 31.2-73.9% of stems broken.Yields were significantly higher in trahsgenic Bt maize than in the control. These results demonstrate that transgenic Bt maize can significantly minimize yield losses caused by the Asian corn borer through resistance to the first-and second-generation larvae. 相似文献
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转Bt基因玉米幼苗残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白田间降解动态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】研究间苗后留在田间地表的转Bt基因玉米幼苗残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解规律,比较两种Bt玉米幼苗残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解速度。【方法】以两种表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的转Bt基因抗虫玉米MON810和Bt11为材料,采用ELISA方法测定各取样时期中幼苗残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白残留量。【结果】转Bt基因玉米幼苗残体中杀虫蛋白降解是逐渐的,且降解速度较快,到50 d时幼苗残体已经完全腐烂,Bt11幼苗残体中的杀虫蛋白已经完全降解,在MON810中还能检测到微量的杀虫蛋白。两种转基因玉米幼苗残体中的Bt杀虫蛋白的初始含量差异不显著,但在同一时间段的Bt杀虫蛋白降解速度存在差异均显著,在30 d前MON810幼苗残体中Bt杀虫蛋白降解速度比Bt11降解的快,30d后,则降解趋势相反,到50 d取样结束时MON810和Bt11分别降解了初始含量的99.81%和100%。【结论】两种转Bt基因玉米间苗后留在田间的幼苗残体中的Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解速度不同,在50 d完全腐烂时,其中的杀虫蛋白完全降解或仅有微量残留。 相似文献
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转Bt基因抗虫玉米根茬和根际土壤中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的田间降解动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究转cry1Ab杀虫蛋白基因玉米收获后玉米根茬及其根际土壤中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解动态,比较两种Bt玉米根茬和根际土壤中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解速度。【方法】以两种表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的Bt抗虫玉米MON810和Bt11为材料,采用ELISA方法测定玉米收获后根茬残体和根际土壤中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的田间降解动态。【结果】转Bt基因玉米根茬残体和根际土壤中杀虫蛋白是逐渐降解的,Bt玉米MON810根茬中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白含量较高,降解的速度也较慢,收获后8个月时还不能完全降解;Bt玉米Bt11根茬中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白含量较低,降解速度比MON810根茬中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解速度快,到7个月时已检测不到Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白。Bt玉米MON810根际土壤中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解较Bt11的慢,MON810和Bt11根际土壤分别在8个月和7个月时检测不到Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白。【结论】种植过Bt11和MON810抗虫玉米的田块,在第二年春播农作物已经出土时,其根茬和根际土壤中残留的Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白尚不能完全降解,还有少量残留。 相似文献
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转Bt基因抗虫玉米为诺华公司含Bt11转化系的杂交种NX4777,能全株表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白,以其非转基因受体玉米品种NX4906为对照。在玉米生长至心叶中期(50~60cm高)、抽雄前期和抽丝散粉期分别进行人工接亚洲玉米螟[Ostriniafurnacalis(Guenée)]初孵幼虫40~60头。以食叶级别、存活幼虫数、蛀孔数、隧道长度和雌穗被害级别等,分别作为评价玉米心叶期和穗期的抗性标准。结果表明,Bt玉米食叶级别仅为1级,显著低于对照的7级。Bt玉米平均每株存活幼虫0.04~0.20头、蛀孔0.11~0.15个、隧道长度0.13~0.41cm,雌穗被害级别为0,植株折茎率为0,而对照玉米平均每株存活幼虫6.19~12.41头、蛀孔4.48~7.05个、隧道长度12.41~24.09cm,雌穗被害级别为5.9,植株折茎率高达73.6%~95.5%。室内生测结果亦表明,取食Bt玉米心叶、雄穗的初孵幼虫3d全部死亡,取食花丝7d死亡率达到99%,相比之下取食常规玉米的存活率在88.7%以上。表明表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的Bt对亚洲玉米螟具有很高的抗虫性,能够保护玉米全生育期免受玉米螟的危害。 相似文献
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The corn borer is a world-wide agricultural pest. In this study, a high-efficiency RNAi method was explored to knock down the neuropeptide F(NPF) to determine if NPF regulates larval feeding in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis. Results showed that the expression peaks of npf mRNA in both midgut and fat body are at 28 h of early 5th instar larvae. When NPF was knocked down either by feeding dsNPF-containing artificial diet or direct dsNPF injection into the 5th instar larvae, npf expression was effectively inhibited in the midgut. Larval feeding, body weight and development time were significantly impacted. In contrast, the expression of the npf receptors npfr1 and npfr2 in fat body of 5th instar larvae was significantly increased by dsNPF injection. These results indicate that NPF can be effectively knocked down in O. furnacalis, and dsNPF by injection is an effective and fast way to silence npf expression. This study provides a critical basis for further exploration in mechanism of feeding regulation in O. furnacalis. 相似文献
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Areawide suppression of European corn borer with Bt maize reaps savings to non-Bt maize growers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hutchison WD Burkness EC Mitchell PD Moon RD Leslie TW Fleischer SJ Abrahamson M Hamilton KL Steffey KL Gray ME Hellmich RL Kaster LV Hunt TE Wright RJ Pecinovsky K Rabaey TL Flood BR Raun ES 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6001):222-225
Transgenic maize engineered to express insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has become widely adopted in U.S. agriculture. In 2009, Bt maize was planted on more than 22.2 million hectares, constituting 63% of the U.S. crop. Using statistical analysis of per capita growth rate estimates, we found that areawide suppression of the primary pest Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) is associated with Bt maize use. Cumulative benefits over 14 years are an estimated $3.2 billion for maize growers in Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, with more than $2.4 billion of this total accruing to non-Bt maize growers. Comparable estimates for Iowa and Nebraska are $3.6 billion in total, with $1.9 billion for non-Bt maize growers. These results affirm theoretical predictions of pest population suppression and highlight economic incentives for growers to maintain non-Bt maize refugia for sustainable insect resistance management. 相似文献
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以普通玉米杂交组合N3030为对照,通过田间调查、盆栽接虫试验、室内饲养和组织切片,系统研究了转B t基因玉米杂交组合N3030B t对亚洲玉米螟的抗性表现.结果表明,转B t基因玉米N3030B t上的虫孔率、百株幼虫数、百株隧道数和百株隧道长均极显著低于对照;1-3龄幼虫取食转B t基因玉米后1-2 d死亡,死亡率达90%以上;4龄以后死亡率为0,但其生长发育均受到一定的抑制;组织切片观察表明,亚洲玉米螟幼虫取食转B t基因玉米后,中肠肠壁细胞端部的微绒毛出现不同程度的溶解,大部分肠壁细胞排列松弛,细胞体缩短,细胞层变薄.该结果表明转B t基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟幼虫具有稳定的杀虫作用. 相似文献
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以近年来在北京地区广泛种植的5个玉米品种(怀研10号、蠡玉6号、中糯2号、甜单21和农大413)为研究材料,用叶碟法测定亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis对不同品种玉米叶片取食选择反应,计算取食选择指数,并从生理响应上研究幼虫取食不同品种玉米叶片后中肠酯酶活性变化,分析和阐明不同玉米品种对玉米螟的抗性反应机制。结果表明:玉米螟幼虫对5个供试玉米品种的取食选择指数有一定差异,按寄主种类由大到小顺序为:农大413>甜单21>中糯2号>蠡玉6号>怀研10号,说明不同玉米品种对玉米螟的抗性存在差异。同时,与取食人工饲料的幼虫相比,取食农大413的幼虫其中肠酯酶活性无明显变化,而取食其他玉米品种的幼虫其中肠酯酶活性显著受到抑制,酶活性按所取食寄主种类由大到小顺序为:农大413>甜单21>中糯2号>蠡玉6号>怀研10号,变化趋势与取食选择指数完全一致,表明昆虫取食选择行为、酶活性生理反应与寄主植物抗虫性之间具有协同性,间接反映昆虫与寄主植物之间的相互适应机制。 相似文献
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[目的]该项目在山西省糯玉米主产区开展糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟发生危害特点调查研究,旨在为开展糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟适期有效防治奠定基础。[方法]该研究采取成虫诱集、卵和幼虫定点和随机调查的方法进行。[结果]调查结果表明,糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟年发生两代,世代基本不重叠,两代间有较明显的间隔。糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟越冬代成虫盛发期为6月上中旬,一代成虫盛发期为8月上旬至下旬;一代卵盛期为6月上旬末至6月下旬初,二代卵盛期为8月上旬中期至8月下旬。亚洲玉米螟对不同生育时期糯玉米的产卵趋性表现为,在糯玉米抽雄之前,随着生育时期向后延续,糯玉米对亚洲玉米螟产卵的引诱力逐步增强;而在糯玉米抽雄之后,随着生育时期向后延续,糯玉米对亚洲玉米螟产卵的引诱力逐步减弱。生育时期基本相同、长势基本一致的糯玉米上的落卵量较普通玉米上为多。糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟一代发生危害轻二代发生危害重。一代幼虫对糯玉米的危害早播田重于中播田,而晚播田基本上不受一代幼虫的危害,由于一代幼虫发生轻,不论早播还是中播糯玉米虽然受害但一般较轻。二代幼虫对糯玉米的危害晚播田重于中播田,早播糯玉米在二代幼虫危害初期即采收,一般年份不受二代幼虫的危害或受害较轻,由于二代幼虫发生量大,因而对晚播和中播偏晚播种的糯玉米会造成严重的危害。糯玉米果穗穗腐病的发病率与果穗受亚洲玉米螟危害密切相关,果穗受亚洲玉米螟危害者,穗腐病发病率高。[结论]糯玉米产区应加强中、晚播糯玉米田二代亚洲玉米螟的综合防治。 相似文献
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转基因抗虫玉米对亚洲玉米螟生长发育和实验种群增长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以两个转Bt抗虫基因玉米品系G03-2396、G03-2739和1个常规对照品种苏玉16为材料,研究其对亚洲玉米螟幼虫生长发育和实验种群消长动态的影响.结果表明:①两个转基因玉米材料的心叶组织对玉米螟低龄幼虫的毒性很强,1龄幼虫取食这两个转基因玉米心叶组织后8 d死亡率超过97%;2龄幼虫取食心叶组织8 d后死亡率超过80%;1～4龄幼虫或全部死亡不能化蛹,或平均蛹重与对照品种相比显著降低,仅5龄幼虫各测定指标与对照品种相比差异不显著;两个转基因玉米材料的雌穗组织对玉米螟幼虫的毒性较低,即使低龄幼虫取食8 d后的死亡率与对照苏玉16相比差异也不显著.②玉米螟高龄幼虫取食两个转基因抗虫玉米心叶后,存活的部分幼虫化蛹羽化后的成虫寿命明显缩短,单雌产卵量显著下降,甚至卵的孵化率也有所降低.表明所选的两个转Bt基因玉米品系对玉米螟的毒性具一定的后续效应. 相似文献
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于2007年6月和9月对秦皇岛亚洲玉米螟在春玉米田间落卵量和亚洲玉米螟为害春玉米的严重程度及7月29日分别在春玉米地和夏玉米地释放松毛虫赤眼蜂防治第二代亚洲玉米螟效果进行了调查与研究,结果表明,亚洲玉米螟在该地区全年共发生两代,产卵高峰期分别发生在6月中旬和8月上旬,高峰期卵粒数分别达到了800粒和748粒;田间花叶率、百株蛀茎孔数、蛀茎株率和百株蛀穗孔数、蛀穗株率分别达到了78%、340个、96%和102个、74%;松毛虫赤眼蜂在春玉米地和夏玉米地卵块寄生率分别达到了80.00%和81.44%,在夏玉米地,放蜂区和对照区相比,蛀茎虫孔减退率为53.05%,蛀穗虫孔减退率为69.63%。通过本文分析得出亚洲玉米螟在秦皇岛地区发生及危害严重,释放松毛虫赤眼蜂防治效果较好。 相似文献
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山东省玉米越冬害虫种类及亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫寄生性天敌调查 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对山东省10多个玉米主产区的玉米越冬害虫种类和亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫天敌寄生情况进行了调查。查明了玉米越冬害虫有亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）、桃蛀螟（Dichocrocis punctiferalis）、高粱条螟（ Chilo acchariphagus）。大部分地区越冬害虫以亚洲玉米螟为主,但也有个别地区个别年份例外。同时显示亚洲玉米螟的主要寄生性天敌有白僵菌（ Beauveria bassiana ）、苏云金杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt）、腰带长体茧蜂（Macrocentrus cingulum）、玉米螟厉寄蝇（Lydella grisescens）等。白僵菌在各地均有发生,以费县为最高,寄生率在60％以上。苏云金杆菌在各地的发生率相对较低。腰带长体茧蜂在滨州、商河的发生率相对较高。在白僵菌感染率相对较低的栖霞、即墨两地,厉寄蝇的寄生率则相对较高,分别为32．58％、17．89％,而在济宁、商河则未发现。 相似文献
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亚洲玉米螟[Ostriniafurnacalis(Guenée)]是中国玉米生产上最重要的害虫,严重影响玉米的产量和质量。由于不同类型玉米对亚洲玉米螟的抗性程度不同,影响玉米螟的存活和生长发育,同一品种的不同组织器官对玉米螟的存活和发育影响也不相同。笔者在室内研究了高油玉米、糯玉米、甜玉米和普通玉米等的不同组织对亚洲玉米螟幼虫存活、生长和发育的影响。结果表明,不同类型玉米在不同生育期的组织器官对亚洲玉米螟幼虫的存活、生长和发育的影响不同。高油玉米298的心叶组织最适合玉米螟幼虫的存活和生长发育,而心叶期抗螟品种邢抗2号和的心叶不利于玉米螟幼虫的存活、生长和发育。玉米螟幼虫在高油玉米、甜单8号和白糯4号的雄穗上存活率高,幼虫体重较重,而在邢抗2号雄穗上的存活率和幼虫体重最低。甜单8号玉米苞叶总体上比较适合亚洲玉米螟幼虫生长和发育,而白糯4号和邢抗2号的苞叶对亚洲玉米螟幼虫生长发育有明显的不利影响。甜单8号、农大108和高油298的花丝适宜玉米螟幼虫生长和发育。而超甜2号和邢抗2号2个品种的花丝对玉米螟幼虫生长和发育有不利影响。超甜2号玉米的穗轴适宜玉米螟生长和发育,玉米螟幼虫在甜单8号和白糯4号穗轴上取食存活率和化蛹率高,但蛹重较轻。邢抗2号穗轴对玉米螟生长发育有不利影 相似文献
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苏云金芽胞杆菌WFS-97菌株是从土壤中筛选出的对蚊子幼虫具有特异杀虫活性的新菌株,本研究通过对该菌株的形态特征、培养特性及杀虫基因型的研究,了解其作为杀蚊制剂的开发应用潜力.在光学显微镜下,观察该菌株产生球形伴胞晶体,SDS-PAGE检测显示主要表达27 kDa主要蛋白条带,此外,还有131、79、43和31 kDa... 相似文献
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Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm. 相似文献
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2008-2009年,在山西忻州市糯玉米田进行了玉米螟卵赤眼蜂消长动态、玉米螟卵优势种寄生蜂以及释放玉米螟赤眼蜂防治玉米螟等调查和试验研究。结果表明,一代玉米螟卵期没有采集到赤眼蜂寄生的玉米螟卵块,二代玉米螟卵初期始见赤眼蜂寄生的玉米螟卵块,田间赤眼蜂寄生率的时间变化具有典型的害虫-天敌跟随现象,后期田间赤眼蜂自然寄生率很高;玉米螟赤眼蜂为当地糯玉米田玉米螟卵中的优势种寄生蜂;释放玉米螟赤眼蜂可有效控制糯玉米田二代玉米螟的危害,玉米螟卵块校正寄生率达79.73%~96.71%,雌穗被害率被控制在5%以下。 相似文献
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为有效地实施玉米害虫的综合治理,通过田间试验研究安徽淮北玉米产区33 个常用玉米品种对玉米螟的抗虫性。结果表明,不同玉米品种的抗螟性之间存在明显的差异,同一品种在心叶期和穗期的抗螟性强弱亦不相同。在玉米心叶期,‘中农大311’、‘中科11’、‘登海3 号’、‘东单80’、‘蠡玉16’、‘郑单23’、‘济单8号’、‘滑玉13’等8个品种的抗螟性较强。在玉米穗期,‘浚单20’、‘齐单1号’、‘中科4号’、‘农大108’、‘鲁单6018’等5 个品种的抗螟性较强。心叶期和穗期的综合抗螟性较强的10 个玉米品种排序为‘中农大311’、‘中科4号’、‘济单8号’、‘郑单23’、‘郑单958’、‘齐单1号’、‘中迪985’、‘农大108’、‘蠡玉16’、‘登海3号’。 相似文献
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Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guen6e）, is the most important pest of maize in China and Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic basis for Asian corn borer resistance. The study included 162 F2：3 populations derived from Mc37 （resistant） × Zi330 （susceptible） and field data were collected in 2004 and 2005. A linkage map was constructed from 118 SSR markers. Combined quantitative trait loci （QTL） analysis combined across environments was performed by composite interval mapping method （CIM）. Four QTLs with additive effects were detected for resistance to Asian corn borer leaf feeding damage in chromosome bins 1.08, 2.04/05, 4.01, and 10.04. Three putative QTLs were detected for Asian corn borer stalk damage in chromosome bins 1.01, 2.05, and 9.01. Maize resistance to Asian corn borer and European corn borer, O. nubilalis （Hubner）, may share a common mechanism. Genes responsible for DIMBOA biosynthesis are in chromosome bin 4.01 and may increase the observed resistance to Asian corn borer leaf feeding. 相似文献