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1.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
2.
Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献
3.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
4.
Summary Tubers of diploid interspecific hybrids, hexaploid somatic hybrids ofSolanum tuberosum andSolanum brevidens, a fusion parental line (S. tuberosum) and several Polish and American commercial cultivars were screened for resistance toErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica andErwinia chrysanthemi, in laboratory tests. Both groups of hybrids showed a high level of resistance to soft rot and gave a similar type of resistant
reaction, which distinguished them from the cultivars and fusion parent. Tubers of the diploid interspecific hybrids had a
high starch content. Our results indicate the possibility of obtaining breeding material with a high starch content and resistance
to bacterial soft rot. 相似文献
5.
Summary Two species of wild potato,S. brevidens andS. fernandezianum, were surveyed for six potato-infecting viruses in their natural habitats in the Puerto Montt Region and Robinson Crusoe
Island of Chile, respectively. Potato viruses S (PVS), M (PVM) and X (PVX) and potato yellowing virus (PYV) were found in
some clones of the Chilean Potato Germplasm Collection, whereas only one population ofS. brevidens out of six was virus-infected, namely by PVS. The cultivated potatoes on Robinson Crusoe Island were infected by PVS, PVM
and PVX and infested byAulacorthum solani andMyzus persicae, whereasS. fernandezianum was infected by PYV and infested byA. circumflexum, A. solani andAphis spp. 相似文献
6.
Geert J. W. Janssen Arend Van Norel Brigitte Verkerk-Bakker Richard Janssen 《Potato Research》1995,38(4):353-362
Summary Various methods of screening for resistance to root-knot nematodes were compared and evaluated. Seedling populations ofSolanum spp., grown in clay pots and plastic tubes with silver sand and inoculated with juveniles ofMeloidogyne chitwoodi andM. hapla, showed large differences in the number of egg masses on roots 7 weeks after inoculation. The differences were reproducible
when re-testing was done with cuttings and plants from tubers. No resistance toMeloidogyne spp. was observed with ten potato cultivars when grown in clay pots, plastic tobes or closed containers. Plants from tubers
in growth pouches developed a large two-dimensional root system, and after inoculation with juveniles the infection process
could be observed over 8 weeks.
A method of infecting potato tuber tissue withMeloidogyne is described, using tuber slices in Petri dishes as a potential screening test for tuber resistance. 相似文献
7.
Ulla Bång 《Potato Research》1992,35(1):3-15
Summary In each of the five years 1978 to 1982, seed lots of cv. Bintje, variously infested byPhoma foveata Foister andFusarium solani var.coeruleum (Sacc.) Booth, as found by wound and cut tests, respectively, were planted in a series of field experiments at six sites
in Sweden. A statistically significant relationship between seed and progeny infestation was found forP. foveata each year, and in three years forF. solani.
Benomyl and thiabendazole mist treatments of seed tubers at grading in spring controlled the development of gangrene and dry
rot in treated seed tubers, but did not consistently reduce the levels ofP. foveata andF. solani infestation in progeny from treated seed tubers.
The site of cultivation markedly influenced mean levels ofP. foveata infestation, which were found to be related to temperature and rainfall during a 40 day pre-harvest period at the trail sites;
however, mean levels ofF. solani infestation were not so related. 相似文献
8.
Zakia Bano S. Rajarathnam 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1986,36(1):11-15
Ascorbic acid, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid and folic acid contents were determined in four different species ofPleurotus mushroom grown on wet chopped unfermented rice straw. The estimated values for the respective vitamins ranged from 92–144, 1.36–2.23, 60.6–73.3, 6.66–8.97, 21.1–33.3 mg and 1222–1412 µg per 100g mushrooms on dry weight basis. These vitamin values were comparable with those ofAgaricus bisporus, but were higher than those ofAuricularia, Lentinus andVolvariella. 相似文献
9.
R. W. Gibson 《Potato Research》1979,22(3):223-236
Summary Near Cochabamba in Bolivia, plants ofSolanum berthaultii with sticky-tipped foliar hairs only have been collected but further south near Sucre, both sticky-tipped and pointed-tipped
forms of this species and ofS. tarijense occur. Further south still, in Tarija, and in the border region of Argentina, only pointed-tippedS. tarijense has been collected but at Salta sticky-tippedS. tarijense has been found.
InS. tarijense andS. herthaultii, the presence of sticky-tipped hairs (for which an aqueous fluoroscein solution is a selective stain) on adult foliage is
controlled by a single dominant gene: plants with this character were more resistant to the aphidMyzus persicae and to the miteTetranychus urticae, and trapped more of the thripsThrips tabaci. In addition to the dominant gene, at least one set of recessive genes was needed for the full expression of this character
in crosses withS. phureja and withS. tuberosum ev. Pentland Crown.T. urticae were trapped on second-generationS. tuberosum × berthaultii with this type of hair.
Part of this work was done at the International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 5969, Lima, Peru. 相似文献
10.
Summary Soluble proteins in seed potato were analyzed by electrophoresis (PAGE). The Index of Variation (IV) was calculated in order
to estimate variation within each accession of wild and cultivated potato species andS. chacoense selfed lines. Seeds of 34 accessions representing 14 species from six taxonomic series were analyzed.
The IV ofS. chacoense selfed lines decreased from 47.7 in the S2 to 12.9 in the S7 generation. The average IV for the self-incompatible diploid species was 41.2, whereas that of the selfcompatible diploid
species,S. polyadenium, was 21.3. TetraploidS. tuberosum ssp.andigena andS. sucrense had an average IV of 62.2, which is much higher than that observed in any other diploid species. The naturally selfing speciesS. acaule (4x), and its colchicine-doubled derivative (8x), showed very low variation (IV=7.5). The IV appears to reflect heterozygosity
and is affected by the breeding mode and the genetic constitution of diploid parents for derived polyploids. 相似文献
11.
12.
为明确黄淮麦区TaGS2等位基因的分布状况及其与主要农艺性状的关系,对黄淮麦区2008年之前育成的种质材料、新育成的品种(系)及国外引进材料,用TaGS2-A1、TaGS2-B1和TaGS2-D1等功能标记鉴定对应的基因,并结合相关农艺性状发掘优势单倍型。结果表明,黄淮麦区2008年之前育成的种质材料和新育成品种(系)中TaGS2等位基因分布频率存在一定的差异;TaGS2-A1b、TaGS2-B1b和TaGS2-D1a是优势TaGS2等位基因,TaGS2-A1b在小麦抽穗期、株高和小穗数的改良上是优势单倍型,但在新育成的品种(系)中有下降的趋势,TaGS2-D1a能够显著增加小穗数、穗粒数和穗粒重,在各类材料中的比例都较高;TaGS2-B1b是提高千粒重的优势单倍型。因此,在黄淮麦区小麦穗部性状改良中TaGS2-B1b和TaGS2-D1a的作用显著,尤其是TaGS2-D1a,同时黄淮麦区种植小麦遗传多样性在减少,一些优势单倍型未受到重视,应对地方品种和一些国外引进材料加以利用。 相似文献
13.
A. Rivera-Peña 《Potato Research》1990,33(4):469-478
Summary Development of plants ofSolanum demissum (dms) andSolanum verrucosum was followed in three sites at altitudes of 2950, 3250 and 3500 m, and the incidence of late blight and physiological races
determined. No plants were found that had grown from true seed although berry formation was abundant indms.
Tubers sprouted during the dry period and most shoots emerged at the beginning of the rainy season in late April. Emergence
continued for about two months indms, and new plants were later formed from stolons, so that plants of different ages were present at the same time. Late blight
was first found in cultivated fields adjacent to the site at 2950 m, and three weeks later lesions were found in wildSolanum species (WSS) simultaneously at all sites. Few plants per colony of WSS were infected and none was seriously damaged. Complex
races (6–10 virulence genes) were found early in the season at one locality. 相似文献
14.
Summary Genes ofSolanum tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum were introduced into cytoplasm ofS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (Juz. & Buk.) Hawkes andS. phureja Juz. & Buk. to reduce cytoplasmic sterilities. Alleles that influenced berry set and seed content produced differences between
reciprocal progenies. Their expressions were interpreted in terms of genes of the maternal and/or paternal parents. When the
ssp.andigena genotype was introduced from the maternal parent if favoured high berry set and low seed number. Maternal ssp.tuberosum favoured lower berry set and higher seed number. The source ofS. phureja cytoplasm, aS. phureja×S. chacoense F1, used as maternal parent favoured lower berry and seed set. During successive backcrosses progeny expressions approached
those of the recurrent ssp.tuberosum pollen parents. A low level of pollen sterility occurred in BC2 plants, unrelated to direction of cross or cytoplasmic factors. By BC4, seed set and fertility were as good as ssp.tuberosum, and recurrent backcrossing could be terminated without loss of seed production or fertility.
Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 7493. 相似文献
15.
A. Dewanji S. Matai L. Si S. Barik A. Nag 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1993,44(1):11-16
The seasonal variation in the nutrient composition ofEnhydra fluctuans andMarsilea quadrifolia, two edible semi-aquatic plants, was studied in order to promote their consumption as green leafy vegetables. Both plants had a high crude protein content throughout all harvesting seasons.Enhydra fluctuans had a low ash content and was a good source of -carotene (3.7 to 4.2 mg/100 g on a fresh weight basis).Marsilea quadrifolia exhibited wide fluctuations between seasons and was not very promising in nutrient composition when compared to other commonly used green leafy vegetables. 相似文献
16.
The antifungal activity of the methanolic extract ofMahonia napaulensis D.C. or Taming (local name) leaves was evaluated with four species of common pathogenic fungi e.g.Colletotrichum capsici (MTCC No. 2071),Leptosphaerulin trifoli (MTCC No. 2328),Alternaria brassicicola (MTCC No. 2102) andHelminthosporium solani (MTCC No. 2075). The present investigation also aims at developing an eco friendly natural antifungal finish from plant extract
ofMahonia for textile application. The antifungal textile dyeing was also carried out with aqueous extract of stem and leaves ofMahonia and the dyed fabric was tested against fungal speciesTrichoderma for its antifungal activity in vitro.Mahonia extract showed substantial antifungal activity of 83.33% forLeptosphaerulin trifoli andAlternaria brassicicola by 80 ppm dose in 24 hours and 46% antifungal activity inMahonia dyed pieces in broth againstTrichoderma. 相似文献
17.
Summary The highlands of South America are the probable geographic origin for the potato gangrene fungusPhoma exigua var.foveata (Foister) Boerema which was found parasitizing plants ofChenopodium quinoa in the Altiplano area of Peru. In vitro studies showed no dissimilarities between it and the antibiotic ‘E’ producing virulent
European isolates ofP. exigua var.foveata. It is as pathogenic to potatoes as the virulent European isolates but onC. quinoa andC. album it is more pathogenic than the European isolates. So far the fungus has not been found on potato tubers in South America
and the reasons why gangrene problems have not arisen there are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Summary A virus isolated from severely diseased wild plants ofDatura stramonium in Hungary was identified as a strain of henbane mosaic potyvirus (HeMV) by its host range, vector transmissibility, electron
microscopy and serology. This W/H isolate of HeMV induced necrotic local lesions onChenopodium quinoa and characteristic systemic symptoms in species ofDatura, Nicotiana andPhysalis but it was apathogenic to species ofCapsicum, Cucumis andPhaseolus. The virus is transmissible by aphids,Myzus persicae, in a non-persistent manner. Electron microscopy showed that it consisted of flexuous filaments, c. 180×12 nm. In plants
ofDatura andNicotiana spontaneously infected by and artificially inoculated with HeMV-W/H, pinwheel structures typical of the potyvirus group were
found. Serological examinations confirmed the identity of HeMV-W/H with the standard strain of the virus, HeMV-R. Plants of
the potato cultivars Désirée and Gracia, graft-inoculated with HeMV-W/H, were latently infected. Inoculated plants of wildSolanum species responded to the virus with systemic symptoms. 相似文献
19.
Summary An extracellular protein-lipopolysaccaride antigen (PLP) was purified from culture fluids ofVerticillium dahliae. Antiserum produced in rabbits to the PLP detected the antigen in homogenates of tubers, stems and leaves ofV. dahliae-infected potato plants but not in extracts of healthy potato tissue or extracts of potato plants infected by other fungal
pathogens. The antigen was not detectable in extracts of potato isolates ofV. tricorpus, V. nigrescens andV. nubilum or various other fungi. The antigen was shown to be different from cross-reactive antigens detected by antisera to mycelial
antigens. When used as a tool for specific diagnosis ofV. dahliae infection in potato, antiserum to PLP was more reliable than that prepared against fungal body antigens.
Publication of the Agricultural Research Organization No 245-E. 相似文献
20.
Summary Resistance to damage by the mitePolyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) occurred inSolanum polyadenium Greenm. and in seedlines ofS. tarijense Hawkes andS. berthaultii Hawkes which had foliar hairs with a sticky tip.
On secondment from Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., England. 相似文献