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王菲彬杨晓琳徐伟涛王长菊李哲瑞阙泽利 《林产工业》2017,(11):18-23
为研究内嵌GFRP筋增强胶合木梁的抗弯性能,制作了11根铁杉胶合木梁,依据欧洲BS EN 408标准,对其进行四点弯曲加载试验。试验参数包括:开槽位置、槽口数量及槽口形状。试验结果表明:对胶合木梁开槽会使胶合木梁的抗弯性能显著下降,而圆形槽口对于木材的破坏程度小于方槽;同时在受拉区和受压区对胶合木梁增强,其效果比单独在受拉区增强的效果更好,极限荷载和延性系数分别提高了5.88%、16.85%;仅在木梁受拉区增强时,增加GFRP筋的数量,除了延性得到改善外,刚度和极限承载能力均降低;采用圆形槽口增强时,其增强效果优于用方槽对胶合木梁的增强。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(8)
【目的】探讨胶合木T梁的负弯曲性能,观察极限状态下构件的破坏形式,解析极限状态下构件的破坏机理,推导极限承载能力计算模型,以期为工程实际应用提供理论参考依据。【方法】采用跨中荷载试验与理论计算对比方式进行研究,实测分析了两组试件的应变、挠度、抗弯刚度、极限承载力及延性结果,观察分析了胶合木梁的破坏形态与破坏机理,基于Rammer剪切强度公式将弯剪强度理论值和试验值进行了对比。用兴安落叶松作为原材料,以剪跨比、跨高比为参数,设计制作2组即A组3根(高跨比1/12,剪跨比5.2)、B组3根(高跨比1/14,剪跨比6.1),共计6根平行胶合木T梁试件。将T梁反转成倒T梁,在两端简支条件下跨中加载产生正弯矩,使肋板受压、翼板受拉,模拟连续T梁跨中支承截面的受力性能。【结果】1)两组构件整体工作性能良好,受弯时极限破坏形态均为中部顺纹剪切破坏。2)两组构件相比,B组较于A组试件,屈服荷载降低9.7%,跨中屈服位移提高27.5%,极限抗弯承载力降低10.4%,跨中极限位移提高42.7%,抗弯刚度降低36%,延性系数提高22.4%。3)两组构件的荷载应变曲线在达到屈服点之前呈比例关系,满足平截面假定。4)受剪力滞效应影响,两组构件的跨中截面翼缘板正应力横向分布不均匀,呈现随距离肋板中心位置越远而越小的关系,最大差值比率达30%。5)构建了弯剪承载力计算模型,理论值与试验值最大相差3.1%,匹配度较高。【结论】总结了胶合木连续T梁在跨中支承截面的受力变形规律,揭示了其破坏机理,构建了极限弯剪承载力计算模型,经验证,具有一定的可靠性。 相似文献
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【目的】研究高温预处理对足尺胶合木梁力学性能的影响,明确高温热改性和环境湿度对木材平衡含水率、木材顺纹抗剪强度和顺纹抗拉强度的影响规律,揭示高温预处理对胶合木梁抗弯性能影响的作用机制,为高温热改性技术在木结构领域中的应用提供参考。【方法】以高应力等级的兴安落叶松为研究对象,采用工业化热处理技术对落叶松木材进行高温热改性,以高温热改性后的落叶松木材为层板,制备12个足尺胶合木梁。基于EN 408标准四点弯曲方法,分析高温热改性和环境湿度对胶合木梁抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、破坏模式、跨中截面荷载-应变曲线和跨中截面应变分布规律等抗弯性能的影响。【结果】高温热改性会在一定程度上降低胶合木梁的抗弯强度,但可明显提高高湿度条件下胶合木梁的抗弯弹性模量,与90%环境湿度下未处理胶合木梁相比,高温热改性后,同湿度下胶合木梁的抗弯强度降低29. 79%,抗弯弹性模量提高23. 71%;高温热改性可降低胶合木梁抗弯弹性模量对环境湿度的敏感性,环境湿度从60%提高到90%,未处理胶合木梁的抗弯弹性模量降低23. 27%,经高温热改性预处理的胶合木梁抗弯弹性模量降低7. 55%; 60%和90%环境湿度下的荷载-位移曲线和跨中截面应变分布曲线表明,胶合木梁在高湿环境中具有更明显的非线性特性,高温预处理后的胶合木梁表现为线弹性。环境湿度对胶合木梁的抗弯性能具有较为明显的劣化作用,90%湿度下胶合木梁抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量分别为43. 98 MPa和12. 191 GPa,比60%湿度下未处理胶合木梁低17. 07%和23. 27%;环境湿度对木材平衡含水率影响明显,高温热改性是降低木材平衡含水率的有效措施,环境湿度从60%提高到90%,高温热改性处理后落叶松木材平衡含水率分别从10. 74%和20. 62%降至4. 76%和11. 18%。【结论】60%和90%环境湿度条件下,未处理胶合木梁为拉伸破坏,高温热改性构件为拉剪联合破坏,高温热改性后材料的顺纹抗剪强度和顺纹抗拉强度降低是材料破坏模式改变的根本原因。高温热改性后胶合木梁在高湿环境条件下抗弯弹性模量明显改善。 相似文献
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由于木材是存在天然缺陷的生物质材料,故木构件在实际使用时存在不可避免的缺陷。已经使用的木结构大都存在开裂、腐朽等损坏现象,其力学性能有所降低,因此木结构需要进行定期修复。木构件的力学性能随缺陷位置不同而产生差异,通过在缺陷梁受拉区底部粘贴轻质高强的碳纤维复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)提高缺陷木梁承载力。通过四点弯曲试验,研究缺陷梁与加固梁的受弯性能与破坏模式,分析缺陷所在不同位置对木梁破坏形态和承载力产生的不同影响。结果表明,受拉区木节对抗弯强度的影响大于受压区木节产生的影响,中性轴处的缺陷导致木梁产生脆性破坏。木梁受拉区有木节时,在底部粘贴CFRP布能很好地起到加固效果,当木梁上部受压区存在缺陷时,破坏由上部缺陷决定,在底部粘贴CFRP布的加固效果不显著。 相似文献
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【目的】为促进木结构在大型工程中的应用范围,本研究提出了一种以落叶松胶合木板作为上下翼板、焊接冷弯薄壁槽钢作为腹板并通过螺栓连接的木-钢组合箱梁。【方法】采用分级加载的方式分别对3根木-钢组合箱梁和1根木箱梁进行弯曲加载试验,观测组合箱梁和木箱梁在荷载作用下翼缘和腹板的应变变化、挠度的发展、破坏过程及形态变化,研究其抗弯极限承载力和抗弯刚度等力学性能,并基于ABAQUS建立了有限元模型对组合箱梁及胶合木箱梁进行数值模拟分析。【结果】组合箱梁的翼板与腹板组合性能较好,最终均为下翼缘木板受拉断裂的破坏模式,同时伴随着钢材局部屈曲和上翼缘木材的局部劈裂等破坏;木箱梁为腹板顺纹剪切破坏。相比胶合木箱梁,组合箱梁的抗弯极限承载能力平均提升了30.33%,但初始刚度平均降低了34.42%;根据翼板横向应变分布计算了木箱梁和木-钢组合箱梁上翼缘的剪力滞系数以及有效分布宽度。有限元模型与试验结果吻合良好,能有效预测木-钢组合箱梁及胶合木箱梁的弯曲性能。【结论】木-钢组合箱梁充分发挥了木材和钢材的力学性能,相比于纯木箱梁,抗弯承载力提升显著,说明木-钢组合箱梁是一种科学合理的组合形式,研究成果可为木-钢... 相似文献
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为研究螺栓排列方式对内填钢板胶合木节点力学性能的影响,对螺栓齐列、错列的胶合木梁柱节点及梁式节点进行单调加载试验。探讨节点失效模式及破坏机理,获得该类节点的弯矩-转角及荷载-位移曲线,并对节点的刚度、延性、承载能力进行分析。试验结果表明,除加载初期,螺栓与螺孔之间因初始空隙发生接触的低刚度段外,节点受力过程大致可分为弹性工作阶段、带裂缝工作阶段和破坏阶段。螺栓错列可以提高梁柱节点及梁式节点的受弯、抗拉承载力和极限变形：其屈服弯矩和抗拉屈服荷载相较于螺栓齐列梁柱节点及梁式节点,分别提高了35%和7.1%。螺栓错列梁柱节点在塑性阶段变形较小,其延性系数约为螺栓齐列梁柱节点的71%;螺栓错列梁式节点的塑性变形较大,延性较好,抗拉延性系数为螺栓齐列梁式节点的2.79倍。 相似文献
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为研究空心胶合木梁柱式结构体系抗侧力性能,对纯框架及框架-人字撑两种单跨结构试件进行了单调及低周反复加载试验,考察了结构破坏模式、耗能能力、刚度等抗震性能。结果表明:纯框架与框架-人字撑结构均具有一定抗侧力性能,但纯框架结构承载能力较弱,不建议单独用于工程实践;框架-人字撑结构具较大抗侧刚度及承载力,分别为纯框架的6.3倍及2.68倍,但其延性仅为纯框架的67%。两种结构失效前强度退化小于30%,具足够剩余承载力。 相似文献
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为解决木材利用率低、成本高的问题,提出了一种以零碎短木粘结竹集成而成的竹-短木组合梁。通过3根木梁、3根直拼的竹-短木组合梁(SBT)和3根搭接的竹-实木组合梁(OBT)的三分点加载受弯对比试验,研究了其破坏形态、极限承载力和位移延性等。结果表明:竹-短木组合梁破坏类型为脆性破坏;竹-短木组合梁跨中截面沿高度应变仍基本符合平截面假定;OBT试件受弯承载力平均提高1.6%,力学性能媲美木梁;最后提出了受弯承载力计算简式,与试验结果较为吻合。竹-短木组合梁替代木梁,在小跨度木结构工程中具有应用价值。 相似文献
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杨海旭董彦博张茂花王海飙 《林产工业》2022,(8):34-39
为研究胶合木-混凝土组合楼板受弯性能,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立9个组合楼板模型,其中楼板部分采用实体单元,钢筋采用桁架单元。有限元分析采用三分点加载方式,研究组合楼板模型纯弯段混凝土强度、连接方式、混凝土层厚度以及胶合木厚度等因素对组合楼板抗弯强度的影响,并探究组合楼板纯弯段的破坏形态。结果表明:采用胶结加抗剪连接件连接的组合楼板其受弯极限承载力比采用胶结连接的组合楼板提高了11.35%,比采用抗剪连接件的组合楼板提高了32.64%。混凝土强度、胶合木层厚度及混凝土层厚度的增加均能提高组合楼板的极限承载力。胶合木-混凝土组合楼板表现出良好的抗弯性能,且能减少混凝土用量,发挥木材的优势,值得在实际工程中推广应用。 相似文献
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介绍了木梁、墙体无限长指接生产线设备，阐述了该设备各部分的基本结构及工作原理。该设备与国内其他同类产品相比具有更为广泛的适应性、稳定性、准确性、高效性。 相似文献
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单板层积材加工成梁构件应用于建筑结构材时,由于材料本身的强度和刚度不足,其结构构件不能满足现代多、高层以及大跨度建筑的需求。竹集成材是原竹经过切削成竹片、低温干燥、碳化、涂胶,再同方向平面或侧面组坯、热压胶合而成的竹基复合材料,其力学性能与稳定性优于木材。将集成竹材作为增强材料用于加固单板层积材梁是一种简单有效的提高梁极限承载力的方法。通过进行竹板增强单板层积材组合梁四点弯曲试验,研究了集成竹板对单板层积材受弯性能的增强效果。结果表明,在单板层积材受弯构件上下部粘贴集成竹板可提高构件极限承载力10%～50%。同时,考虑单板层积材和集成竹材料的非线性,推导出了适用于组合梁的极限承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。 相似文献
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P.L. Mafongoya R. Chintu T.S. Chirwa J. Matibini S. Chikale 《Agroforestry Systems》2003,59(3):279-288
Seeking an alternative to Sesbania spp. tree fallows, a Tephrosia species and provenance trial was conducted at Msekera Research Station, Chipata (Zambia) to evaluate eleven Tephrosia vogelii and three Tephrosia candida provenances. They were tested for biomass production, quality of biomass, resistance to root-knot nematodes, nitrogen release,
and for their effects on soil nitrogen dynamics. At the end of 1.5 years, the T. candida provenances 02970, 02971 and 02972 from Madagascar produced two times greater amount of aboveground biomass than the T. vogelii provenances. There was little variability among the T. vogelii provenances in terms of litter and biomass production. Weed growth was significantly greater under T. vogelii than T. candida provenances. While Tephrosia vogelii provenance 98/02 from Zambia and T. candida 02972 were highly tolerant to the Meloidogyne incognita nematodes, T. vogelii provenances 02977, 98/03, 02973 from Kenya, Zambia and Malawi, respectively, were highly susceptible to the nematodes. The
Tephrosia species and provenances showed a wide variability in terms of N, lignin and polyphenol concentration in their foliage. Mineralization
of N in the foliage of T. candida provenances 02970 and 02971 and T. vogelii provenances 98/04 and 02974 from Malawi occurred rapidly within 14 weeks of incubation. At the end of the 2-year growth period,
there was significantly greater total inorganic N under T. candida provenance 02972 (12.5 mg kg−1) than T. vogelii (5 mg kg−1) provenance Mungwi 98/02. Maize (Zea mays L.) yields after T. candida provenances were greater than those after T. vogelii provenances. Further testing of the most promising provenances is needed for their effects on subsequent maize yields under
a range of farm conditions.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Kana Yamashita Yasuhiko Hirakawa Hiroshi Nakatani Motoyoshi Ikeda 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(3):161-168
The transverse shrinkage variation within trees was examined for five sugi cultivars. The within-tree trends of tangential
shrinkage (α
T) were different by cultivar, whereas radial shrinkage (α
R) increased from pith to bark in most cultivars. The tangential/radial shrinkage ratio (α
T/α
R) decreased from pith to bark in most cultivars, because the radial variation of α
R was larger than that of α
T. The cultivars showed significant differences among cultivars in α
T, α
R, and α
T/α
R, but the difference among cultivars for α
T/α
R was smaller. The relationships between transverse shrinkage and microfi bril angle (MFA), basic density (BD), tree ring parameters,
and modulus of elasticity were examined. The α
T and α
R showed positive relationships with BD, latewood percentage, latewood density, and modulus of elasticity, and negative relationships
with MFA and ring width. The relationships with earlywood density were weak. Sugi exhibited variation in transverse shrinkage
within stem and among cultivars, with the variation affected by MFA, density, and tree ring parameters.
Part of this article was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, Japan, August 2006,
and the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hiroshima, Japan, August 2007 相似文献
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A simple HPLC method was developed to quantify rabbit plasma tetrandrine (Tet) with propranolol (Pro) as internal standard. Based on the established method Tet and Pro were eluted at 7.1 and 12.0 min, respectively. It was shown that the concentration-time data of Tet fit the classical two-compartment model, no matter the drug was administered intravenously or orally to rabbits. The values of AUC0 → ∞, clearance (Cl0 → ∞), volume of distribution (Vd), and elimination half-life (t1/2β) of Tet were 59861.149 ± 26962.196 μg/L ? min, 0.503 ± 0.173 L/min/kg, 179 ± 76.185 L/kg, and 283.808 ± 162.937 min for intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg, or 18986.217 ± 7462.308 μg/L ? min, 0.805 ± 0.267 L/min/kg, 110.284 ± 94.176 L/kg, and 732.919 ± 847.32 min for gavage administration of 10 mg/kg , respectively. The results indicate that Tet displays a limited absorption in intestinal tract, even though it has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile after oral or intravenous administration. 相似文献
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Reaction behavior of lignin in supercritical methanol as studied with lignin model compounds 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The reaction behavior and kinetics of lignin model compounds were studied in supercritical methanol with a batch-type supercritical
biomass conversion system. Guaiacol, veratrole, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene were used as model compounds
for aromatic rings in lignin. In addition, 5-5, β-1, β-O-4, and α-O-4 types of dimeric lignin model compounds were used as representatives of linkages in lignin. As a result, aromatic rings
and 5-5 (biphenyl)-type structures were stable in supercritical methanol, and the β-1 linkage was not cleaved in the β-1-type structure but converted rapidly to stilbene. On the other hand, β-ether and α-ether linkages of β-O-4 and α-O-4 lignin model compounds were cleaved rapidly, and these compounds decomposed to some monomeric compounds. Phenolic compounds
were found to be more reactive than nonphenolic compounds. These results indicate that cleavages of ether linkages mainly
contribute to the depolymerization of lignin, whereas condensed linkages such as the 5-5 and β-1 types are not cleaved in supercritical methanol. Therefore, it is suggested that the supercritical methanol treatment effectively
depolymerizes lignin into the lower-molecular-weight products as a methanol-soluble portion mainly by cleavage of the β-ether structure, which is the dominant linkage in lignin.
Received: December 19, 2001 / Accepted: April 30, 2002
Acknowledgments This research has been done under the research program for the development of technologies for establishing an ecosystem
based on recycling in rural villages for the twenty-first century from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,
Japan; by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)(2) (no.12460144, 2001.4–2003.3) from the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; and under the research program from Kansai Research Foundation for Technology Promotion,
Japan. The authors thank them for their financial support.
This study was presented in part at the 45th Lignin Symposium, Ehime, Japan, October 2000 and the 52nd Annual Meeting of the
Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, Japan, April 2002
Correspondence to:S. Saka 相似文献