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1.
《畜牧与兽医》2014,(7):6-9
采用ZORBAX.SB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,柱温30℃,流动相为乙腈-0.05 moL/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(50∶50)(每100 mL中加十二烷基硫酸钠0.4 g,以磷酸调节pH值为4),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长342 nm,进样量10μL。结果显示:盐酸小檗碱在0.12.5 mg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 95,n=7),平均含量为6.23 mg/g,平均加样回收率99.33%(n=9,RSD=0.82%),盐酸小檗碱的定量限为1.0 ng/mL,检测限为0.15 ng/mL。本方法简便、快速、准确、重现性好,可用于兽用白头翁颗粒中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定。 相似文献
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建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定白头翁汤中4味中药(白头翁、黄连、黄柏及秦皮)的6种成分含量的方法。采用安捷伦色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),以乙腈-1mg/mL磷酸水溶液为流动相进行线性梯度洗脱,检测波长205nm,流速0.8mL/min(白头翁皂苷B4)、检测波长335nm,流速1.0mL/min(盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、秦皮甲素和秦皮乙素)。秦皮甲素在1.04μg^6.24μg(r=0.9999)、秦皮乙素在0.92μg^5.52μg(r=0.9998)、盐酸药根碱在0.7μg^4.2μg(r=0.9987)、盐酸巴马汀在1.04μg^6.24μg(r=0.9978)、盐酸小檗碱在2.2μg^13.2μg(r=0.9979)、白头翁皂苷B4在5.5μg^33μg(r=0.9980)范围内线性关系良好。秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱和白头翁皂苷B4的加样回收率分别98.74%、98.12%、97.90%、96.95%、97.43%和98.45%,RSD均在2.0%以下,秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、小檗碱和白头翁皂苷B4在白头翁汤供试品中的含量分别为0.7%、0.36%、0.12%、0.38%、8.26%和4.71%。所建立的方法重复性、线性及稳定性等良好,准确灵敏,可用于白头翁汤及相关制剂的质量控制。 相似文献
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为了建立兽用白头翁颗粒中白头翁皂苷B4的含量测定方法。利用HPLC法,采用HypersilC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μL),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸(27∶73,V/V)为流动相,检测波长为205nm,流速1.0mL/min,柱温30℃。以白头翁皂苷B4对照为参比,在白头翁颗粒色谱图中,对白头翁皂苷B4的保留时间及峰面积的RSD进行分析。采用外标法测定3批白头翁颗粒中白头翁皂苷B4的含量。试验结果显示,白头翁皂苷B4在0.1~2.0mg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,(r=0.9995,n=6),平均含量为11.29mg/g,平均回收率为99.28%(RDS=2.09%,n=9)。该方法操作简便、结果准确,重复性好,可用于兽用白头翁颗粒的质量控制。 相似文献
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建立中兽药散剂白头翁散中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定方法,为其质量标准的制订提供实验依据。采用HPLC法测定,色谱条件,Eclipse XDB—C18柱（5μm,4．6mm×150mm）;流速,1．0mL/min;流动相,乙腈：0．05mol／L磷酸二氢钾=28：72;柱温,30℃;检测波长,348nm。盐酸小檗碱在进样量为0．05～0．50μg之间范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0．9999;样品中盐酸小檗碱的平均含量为0．781％,RSD为0．86％。该方法简便,易行,专属性强,可以作为白头翁散中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定方法。 相似文献
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建立麻杏石甘口服液中盐酸麻黄碱、盐酸伪麻黄碱和苦杏仁苷3种成分含量的一测多评方法。以盐酸麻黄碱为内参物,建立盐酸伪麻黄碱和苦杏仁苷与盐酸麻黄碱的相对校正因子,分别采用外标法与一测多评法测定3种成分的含量,比较两种方法测得结果的差异,验证一测多评方法的可行性。盐酸麻黄碱与盐酸伪麻黄碱、苦杏仁苷的相对校正因子分别为1.233和2.741,一测多评法与外标法测定结果无显著性差异,相对误差小于0.3%。一测多评法运用于麻杏石甘口服液的含量测定准确可行。 相似文献
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为了用HPLC法同时测定复方防己口服液中粉防己碱和防己诺林碱的含量.采用Diamonsil C 18柱(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),以乙腈-0.2％磷酸水溶液-三乙胺(63∶37∶0.05)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长282 nm的液相检测方法.结果表明,在此色谱条件下,粉防己碱和防己诺林碱的分离良好,分别在20.52 ～ 205.2μg/mL和17.84 ～ 178.4 μg/mL浓度范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系.按外标法以峰面积计算进行测定,粉防已碱和防己诺林碱的平均回收率分别为98.15％和97.35％,RSD分别为1.39％和1.90％.表明该方法简便,快速,准确,适用于防已散中粉防己碱和防己诺林碱的含量测定. 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2019,(1)
为了评价白头翁散对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,采用试管二倍稀释法测定白头翁散组方中白头翁、秦皮、黄柏、黄连4味中药水提物及其组成的药对对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并筛选出抗菌作用较强的药对精简组方。单药中黄连抑菌效果(MIC为50 mg/mL)和杀菌效果(MBC为50 mg/mL)最强,黄连与秦皮联合组成药对对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果(MIC为12.5 mg/mL)最强,将4味药物联合组成的方剂抑菌效果最佳(MIC为6.25 mg/mL、MBC为100 mg/mL)。由此表明,白头翁散组方中两种药物联合比单药的抑菌效果好,4种药物组成的方剂比2种药物组成的药对抑菌效果好。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664