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1.
A 4-year-old Arab mare was diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcosis, including osteomyelitis of the proximal phalanx of the left hind limb, osteomyelitis with associated soft tissue granuloma of a rib and disseminated, large cryptococcal nodules in the lungs. The lesion in the dorsoproximal aspect of the proximal phalanx had a large area of cortical lysis with spiculated periosteal new bone and extensive soft tissue swelling. The affected rib had a pathological fracture. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis has not been previously reported in horses but should be considered as a differential diagnosis, particularly in endemic regions. 相似文献
2.
K E Bartels 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1987,17(4):799-809
The recognition and treatment of delayed union or nonunion of a fracture is an orthopedic salvage procedure that all veterinary surgeons eventually experience. The major factor in determining whether a fracture becomes a nonunion or goes on to unite is the degree of stabilization of the fracture site. Infection (osteomyelitis) also contributes significantly to the formation of a nonunion. Nonunions can usually be classified clinically and radiographically as either vascular (capable of biologic activity) or avascular (incapable of biologic activity). Once this determination has been made, treatment regimens include application of rigid internal fixation (vascular nonunions) and installation of autogenous cancellous bone grafts after decortication (avascular nonunions). With the complication of osteomyelitis, microbiologic evaluation and antibiotic therapy should be considered even though a fracture will heal in the presence of infection if it is stable. 相似文献
3.
Three foals aged between 21 and 44 days were presented for evaluation of pyrexia and lameness. Each had subcutaneous abscessation associated with osteomyelitis of a rib at the costochondral junction and pathological fracture of the affected rib; one foal had more than one rib affected. Other localised sites of infection included other sites of osteomyelitis, omphalophlebitis, uveitis, enterocolitis, and calcaneal bursitis. The subcutaneous abscessation and rib osteomyelitis was treated surgically in two foals. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from the subcutaneous abscess in one foal and from the faeces of another. Two of the three foals were euthanased. Ultrasonography was a more useful modality than radiography for establishing the diagnosis of costal osteomyelitis. 相似文献
4.
Attempted stabilization of open, distal radius and ulnar fractures in a 3-year-old German shepherd dog using intramedullary pins and a Schroeder-Thomas splint resulted in malalignment of the limb and osteomyelitis. A double hook plate was used to rigidly stabilize the distal radial fracture after anatomical realignment. An autogenous cancellous bone graft was used where a lateral architectural defect remained after reduction. Culture of the fracture site showed Staphylococcus sp., which responded to chloramphenicol therapy. Fracture union and resolution of osteomyelitis occurred by 9 weeks after surgery, and the dog had no lameness and a normal muscle mass 22 weeks after surgery. The double hook plate provided rigid internal fixation of the radial fracture, allowed a rapid return to function during osteosynthesis, and minimal interference of antebrachiocarpal joint function occurred. 相似文献
5.
Six rescued grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups had traumatic injuries to their hind flippers; three had osteomyelitis without fractures, one had a single fracture and associated osteomyelitis, and two had multiple compound fractures and large open wounds. The medical and surgical methods used to treat these lesions are described. A proprietary waterproof covering appeared to be a better method for dressing the wounds than conventional bandaging. 相似文献
6.
C. E. Smith M. D. Cullen I. M. Forman A. M. Talbot J. D. Stack 《Equine Veterinary Education》2022,34(3):e125-e132
Osteomyelitis in adult horses, often associated with trauma or iatrogenic infection following surgery, usually presents as a focal area of infected bone. Diffuse osteomyelitis, affecting both the cortex and medulla, along the full length of a bone is encountered less frequently and treatment of such infections is not well reported in horses. The 2-year-old Warmblood mare in this case was diagnosed with diffuse osteomyelitis affecting the 4th metacarpal bone with concurrent unicortical fracture of the third metacarpal bone following traumatic injury. Computed tomography (CT) aided diagnosis in this case, providing critical additional detail to that obtained with radiography and ultrasound. This case highlights the value of CT in the diagnosis of diffuse osteomyelitis. This is the first reported case of diffuse osteomyelitis caused by Clostridium perfringens in horses. Successful treatment in this case consisted of surgical debridement of the associated abscess, followed by systemic and locoregional antimicrobial therapies. 相似文献
7.
J Cabassu P Moissonnier 《Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology》2007,20(3):227-230
A seven-month-old Rottweiler was referred for a diagnosed femoral neck fracture and a suspected vertebral fracture. The simplified neurological examination revealed an acute paraplegia. A discospondyilitis associated with a pathologic fracture of Th11 and a spinal compression, and a haematogenous epiphysitis of the femoral neck were diagnosed based on radiographic and computed tomographic examinations. The vertebral fracture was stabilised using screws and polymethylmetacrylate with gentamycin by a lateral intercostal approach. The dog was able to walk seven days later. A femoral head and neck ostectomy was performed two weeks later. Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated from both sites, which confirmed the diagnosis. The dog was treated with cephalexin (30 mg/kg/d) for six weeks. A telephone interview with owners indicated that no more clinical signs were present four months after the second surgery. Discospondylitis associated with haematogenous osteomyelitis has only been reported in two cases. Paraplegia is an unusual clinical presentation for discospondylitis. The lateral approach (which allowed a direct access to the infected site) and the technique (screws associated with antibiotic-impregnated cement) are unique for surgical treatment of discospondylitis. Although applying cement to an infected area may pose a risk, antibiotic-loaded cement is successfully used in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in humans. 相似文献
8.
A seven-year-old male weimaraner developed an acute-onset non-weightbearing pelvic limb lameness without a history of significant trauma. Radiographs demonstrated an oblique fracture of the femur associated with a lytic bone lesion, while cytology and histopathology of the lesion were consistent with osteomyelitis. A pure growth of Streptococcus intermedius was obtained from culture of affected tissue samples. The fracture healed without complication after rigid internal fixation and antibiotic therapy. 相似文献
9.
Osteomyelitis in the dog: a review of 67 cases 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
D D Caywood L J Wallace T D Braden 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1978,172(8):943-946
The clinicopathologic aspects of bacterial osteomyelitis in 67 dogs were compared. The femur, humerus, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges were the bones most commonly affected. In most dogs, the infection was attributed to repair of fracture by open reduction. Staphylocuccus spp and Streptococcus spp were the organisms most frequently isolated. Most dogs had chronic osteomyelitis at the time of initial examination. 相似文献
10.
G. Lynn Richardson DVM Timothy R. O'Brien DVM PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1985,26(6):203-207
Radiography was used to evaluate 32 horses presented for puncture wounds into the navicular bursa. At the initial radiographic examination, 21 horses had no radiographic signs of osteomyelitis, while 11 did. The mean-time interval between injury and radiographic examination was 20.6 days for horses without evidence of osteomyelitis and 59.3 days for those with evidence of osteomyelitis. Radiographic signs of osteomyelitis of the navicular bone included flexor cortical destruction and irregularity of the flexor surface. Other abnormalities included pathologic fracture of the navicular bone, subluxation of the distal interphalangeal joint, or secondary joint disease. The lateromedial and palmaroproximal-palmarodistal oblique projections were most useful for identifying abnormalities of the navicular bone. There was a high correlation between horses that had positive presurgical radiographic signs and surgical findings. However, approximately 50% of horses that had negative radiographic findings initially had positive surgical findings. Ten of 21 horses with negative radiographic findings on initial examination had evidence of bony lesions when reevaluated from 3 weeks to 6 years later. Nine of 11 horses with radiographic signs of osteomyelitis on initial radiographic examination were euthanatized or had an unsatisfactory outcome. Seven of 10 horses with radiographic signs on reexamination were euthanatized. Thirteen of 20 horses with positive surgical findings for navicular bone infection were euthanatized or had an unsatisfactory outcome. 相似文献
11.
BONE INFECTION IN THE BOVINE APPENDICULAR SKELETON: A CLINICAL, RADIOGRAPHIC, AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Francis Verschooten PROF. Dries Vermeiren DVM Luc Devriese DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(3):250-260
Four hundred and forty-five bovines with bone infection of the appendicular skeleton were selected for clinical and radiographic assessment. A distinction was made between hematogenous and post-traumatic origin (wound/fracture). Bone infection was classified into four types according to the site of infection: type 1 is metaphyseal and/or epiphyseal osteomyelitis close to the growth plate; type 2 is primary subchondral osteomyelitis mostly accompanied by septic arthritis; type 3 is infectious osteoarthritis with subchondral osteomyelitis implicating that infection in the subchondral bone originates from the infection. Type 4 summarizes bone infections which can not be categorized in the previous groups. Hematogenous osteomyelitis is 3.2 times more frequent than post-traumatic osteomyelitis. Within the different groups, the relation of hematogenous to post-traumatic infection changed significantly. In type 1 infection the ratio was 5/1, in type 2 the ratio was 8/1 and in type 3 it was 3/1. Epiphyseal or metaphyseal osteomyelitis exhibited early radiographic bone changes, whereas with infection eminating from the joint, the bone lesions were detected later, because the bone was infected as a consequence of a primary septic arthritis. In smaller bones, severe and complete bone destruction was often present. Hematogenous bone infection never involved the entire diaphysis. Actinomyces pyogenes was discovered to be the main etiologic agent, whether or not combined with anaerobes. Bone fragments from the metaphysis of young calves were subjected to the effect of pure cultures of different bacteria. Radiographic changes to the structure of the bone were not identified within 2 weeks. Rapid radiographic changes in osteomyelitis cannot be explained by the direct effect of the bacteria on bone tissue in vivo. General infections of the lungs, disorders of the intestines and other internal organs were rarely responsible for osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Osteomyelitis and infectious osteoarthritis is probably often induced by external and internal traumatic events to joints and bones in cattle. 相似文献
12.
C E Doige 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1980,44(4):382-389
Lumbar vertebral columns from 73 boars were examined for pathological changes. While pathological changes were minimal at five months of age, several animals aged seven to 18 months of age had facet asymmetry and large osteophytes surrounding lumbar facets. In the adult group 36% had degeneration of intervertebral discs and 28% had ventrolateral vertebral osteophytes. Lesions characterized by irregular areas of cavitation in the annulus and adjacent vertebral epiphyses were also observed. Of animals submitted for necropsy with a history of clinical lameness. lesions included nonsuppurative polyarthritis, fracture of the sacrum and femoral head, osteochondrosis involving articular cartilage of the distal humerus and distal femur, vertebral osteomyelitis, meningeal abscess and ulnar osteomyelitis. 相似文献
13.
Complications are a reality of fracture repair. Many can be avoided or minimized by being aware of their pathophysiology and predisposing factors. Others are unavoidable but their resolution may be aided by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Major complications of fracture repair include osteomyelitis, delayed union, nonunion, malunion, premature physeal closure, and fracture associated sarcoma. Consideration of these complications should factor into presurgical patient evaluation as well as postoperative management. This discussion focuses on how to avoid, recognize, and treat these complications. 相似文献
14.
Southwood LL Kawcak CE McIlwraith CW Frisbie DD Steyn PE 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(6):736-745
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate use of technetium Tc 99m disodium hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (99m-Tc-HDP) for assessing fracture healing and 99m-Tc-HDP and technetium Tc 99m ciprofloxacin (99m-Tc-CIPRO) for early diagnosis of osteomyelitis in rabbits. ANIMALS: 32 skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURE: A femoral fracture defect stabilized with bone plates and cortical screws was used. Scintigraphy was performed 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery. The 99m-Tc-CIPRO scan was performed 48 hours after the 99m-Tc-HDP scan. The uptake ratio of the experimental limb to the normal limb was calculated by use of multiple regions of interest. Results of radiography performed to determine external callus and lysis grade and percentage defect ossification at 16 weeks were compared with scintigraphy results. RESULTS: Infected fractures had a higher uptake ratio for 99m-Tc-HDP and 99m-Tc-CIPRO than noninfected fractures. Infected fractures could be differentiated from noninfected fractures late in healing by use of 99m-Tc-HDP. Although 99m-Tc-CIPRO was better than 99m-Tc-HDP for identifying infection, there was a high incidence of false positive and negative results with 99m-Tc-CIPRO. There was an association between 99m-Tc-HDP uptake ratio and callus formation and a good correlation between 99m-Tc-HDP uptake ratio and defect ossification after 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: 99m-Tc-HDP and 99m-Tc-CIPRO may be useful for diagnosing osteomyelitis late in fracture healing; however, false positive and false negative results occur. Technetium Tc 99m disodium hydroxymethylene diphosphonate may be useful for evaluating fracture healing. 相似文献
15.
Radial and Tibial Fracture Repair with External Skeletal Fixation: Effects of Fracture Type, Reduction, and Complications on Healing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ANN L. JOHNSON DVM MS DiplomateACVS S. K. KNELLER DVM MS DiplomateACVR R. M. WEIGEL PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1989,18(5):367-372
Twenty-eight consecutive fractures of the canine radius and tibia were treated with external skeletal fixation as the primary method of stabilization. The time of fixation removal (T1) and the time to unsupported weight-bearing (T2) were correlated with: (1) bone involved; (2) communication of the fracture with the external environment; (3) severity of the fracture; (4) proximity of the fracture to the nutrient artery; (5) method of reduction; (6) diaphyseal displacement after reduction; and (7) gap between cortical fragments after reduction. The Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance was used to test the correlation with p less than .05 set as the criterion for significance. The median T1 was 10 weeks and the median T2 was 11 weeks. None of the variables correlated significantly with either of the healing times; however, there was a strong trend toward longer healing times associated with open fractures and shorter healing times associated with closed reduction. Periosteal and endosteal callus uniting the fragments were observed radiographically in comminuted fractures, with primary bone union observed in six fractures in which anatomic reduction was achieved. Complications observed in the treatment of these fractures included: bone lysis around pins (27 fractures), pin track drainage (27 fractures), pin track hemorrhage (1 fracture), periosteal reaction around pins (27 fractures), radiographic signs consistent with osteomyelitis (12 fractures), degenerative joint disease (2 dogs), and nonunion (1 fracture). Valgus or rotational malalignment resulted in 16 malunions of fractures. One external fixation device was replaced and four loose pins were removed before the fractures healed. One dog was treated with antibiotics during the postoperative period because clinical signs of osteomyelitis appeared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
16.
A T Blikslager S J Baines K F Bowman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,201(12):1905-1906
An 8-month-old Holstein heifer was evaluated for right hind limb lameness of 3 weeks' duration. Diagnoses were osteomyelitis and fracture of the distal sesamoid bone, septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint, and osteomyelitis of the third phalanx. After excision of a section of tissue from the plantar aspect of the digit and partial section of the deep digital flexor tendon, the distal sesamoid bone was excised. The third phalanx was curetted, and the surgical wound was lavaged. Twenty months after surgery, the heifer was fully weightbearing on the affected digit. Surgical exploration of the digit should be considered an alternative to claw amputation in cattle that have severe digital infections. 相似文献
17.
H. W. JANN M. A. BRESHEARS R. W. ALLISON R. D. PECHMAN J. DAY J. C. A. HART V. J. MOORMAN 《Equine veterinary journal》2009,41(9):915-917
Intestinal adenocarcinomas are rare but have been described in the literature. The present case is unusual in both its clinical presentation and in the distribution of metastatic lesions. The sequestrum formation and pathological fracture present are most commonly associated with osteomyelitis in horses and the details of the case highlight the need for differential diagnosis in these particular circumstances and of which clinicians should be aware. 相似文献
18.
G St-Jean R M DeBowes B L Hull P D Constable 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(9):1372-1376
Medical records of 12 calves less than or equal to 1 month old, with fracture of the femoral diaphysis, were reviewed. Ten calves were within 1 week of birth at the time of diagnosis. Open reduction was accomplished by use of a lateral approach. Retrograde intramedullary pinning was accomplished in all calves, using 2 (n = 4 calves) or 3 (n = 8 calves) pins. Cerclage wire was used to supplement fixation in 7 calves. A closed continuous suction drain was placed along the lateral aspect of the femur in every calf. Postsurgical complications included seroma formation over the middle gluteal musculature (n = 5 calves), pin migration (n = 6 calves), and osteomyelitis (n = 1 calf). Pin migration was observed in 4 calves that had been treated with nonthreaded trochar point pins. Fractures in 10 of 12 calves (83%) were considered to have healed satisfactorily. One calf was euthanatized because of septic osteomyelitis of the femur. One calf was euthanatized because of persistent lameness and pin migration. Pins were removed in 8 of 12 calves (67%) between the 13th and 90th postoperative days. Results of this study indicate that application of intramedullary pins may be a useful solution for management of femoral diaphyseal fracture in young calves. 相似文献
19.
Fractures of the tibial diaphysis in dogs and cats 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E G Boone A L Johnson P Montavon R B Hohn 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(1):41-45
20.
C E Doige 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1979,43(2):142-150
The lumbar vertebral columns from 60 sows and 30 slaughter weight pigs were examined grossly for pathological changes. Asymmetry of lumbar articular facets and minor periarticular osteophytes were seen in the slaughter weight group. Degeneration of intervertebral discs or vertebral osteophytes were not present. In contrast, 38% of 60 sows had vertebral osteophytes and 40% had degeneration of intervertebral discs. Extensive ankylosing spondylosis was present in two sows. Other vertebral lesions observed in sows include asymmetry and arthrosis of articular facets, fissures and areas of cavitation in the annulus fibrosus and vertebral end plate, and vertebral osteomyelitis and/or vertebral fracture. Extravertebral skeletal lesions, some of which could be related to a clinical history of lameness or posterior paralysis, include sacroiliac arthrosis, pelvic deformity, polyarthritis, femoral osteomyelitis, sacroiliac dislocation and epiphyseolysis involving the femoral head or tuber ischii. 相似文献