共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
2.
组织培养途径改良定型小麦品种的研究 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
选用ＣＡ９０７０、ＣＡＤ８６９４,京４１１三个定型品种进行组织培养,比较了三种培养方式的培养效果,调查了Ｈ２,Ｒ２株系主要农艺性状的遗传变异情况,结果表明,幼胚培养效率最高,基因型间差异小,花药培养的基因型间差异显著,花药培养后代农艺性状的变异率高于幼胚培养,且其性状值向更小的方向变异,而幼胚培育诱花的变异范围大于花药培养,获得了ＣＡＤ８６９４的花培变异株系９５Ｈ０５５,株高降低了１１．５ｃｍ,获 相似文献
3.
转基因抗虫水稻后代农艺性状变异的比较研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用群体分离法（Bulk sergeant analysis,BSA）和比较分析方法,以转基因水稻高代材料与非转基因水稻杂交得到的3个F2群体和1个DH群体为材料,分析遗传背景与外源基因对转基因水稻后代农艺性状变异的影响。结果发现,父本的遗传背景对农艺性状表现存在一定的影响;在消除环境因素影响的条件下,F2群体中外源基因对农艺性状变异起到重要作用,并促使农艺性状的分离程度增加。而DH群体中尽管外源基因促进株系变异系数增加,但对主要农艺性状变异的作用不显著。说明组织培养是产生农艺性状变异的主要原因,而外源基因的导入增加了农艺性状变异发生的机会。 相似文献
4.
花粉管通道法获得棉花转基因株系主要农艺性状变异分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
通过对花粉管通道法获得的38个棉花转基因株系稳定后代T5代主要农艺性状的变异进行分析发现,外源基因的导入可引起受体植株后代农艺性状可遗传的非靶标变异,且变异广泛,多个农艺性状出现了显著性变异.叶长和叶宽均有变短的趋势,但裂叶缺刻深浅变异方向不定,说明部分叶片变得更加皱缩.株高变异方向不定.与对照相比,吐絮期提前,单株结铃数增加,使皮棉和子棉产量均增加.纤维品质变异也很大,如比强度增大、麦克隆值变大、纤维长度也显著增加;短纤维指数变异方向不定. 相似文献
5.
应用外源DNA直接导入生物技术，将不同种属的小黑麦总DNA导入普通小麦。可引起性状变异，部分变异可稳定传递给后代，选出的新品系植株性状发生明显变化，产量经济性状比原品种有明显改善，说明将小麦近缘植物的DNA导入普通小麦的方法可创造出新种质。 相似文献
6.
通过对长6878进行氮离子束诱变处理后代的调查分析,初步探索氮离子注入对旱地小麦的诱变效应,以期获得小麦优良变异种质。结果表明:氮离子注入长6878,可诱发其株高、粒色、穗粒数等性状发生突变,且其后代的变异特性具有稳定遗传性,本试验获得的材料可作为小麦育种的优异种质资源加以利用。 相似文献
7.
首先在接种有不同浓度黑胫病菌发酵液活性组分的选择培养基上,获得高钾烤烟GK2的花药培养苗,并采用离体叶片法对这些花药培养苗进行黑胫病抗性鉴定,结果花药培养植株表现出不同程度的抗性;然后选其中6株抗性较高且农艺性状与GK2相近的单株,经秋水仙素加倍后收获种子,在黑胫病病圃及大田条件下于2016年对其R-1代、2017年对3个抗病性表现较好的R-2代植株进行黑胫病抗性及农艺性状测试,2年试验结果一致表明：在染色体加倍以后,所选植株的后代在基因型上已完全纯合,黑胫病抗性较GK2有较大提高且均可稳定遗传,是不同于原GK2的烤烟新品系,在生产上具有广泛应用前景。 相似文献
8.
用花药培养筛选耐盐变异体培育小麦耐盐品种的新途径 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
１９８６－１９９１年，应用花药培养与耐盐变异体筛选相结合的方法，对小麦耐盐育种新途径进行了探索，研究结果表明，在小麦花药培养中，选择加入一定浓度的ＮａＣｌ的筛选培养基，可以筛选出耐盐变异体，获得耐盐花培株系，经５个有性世代的鉴定表明，耐盐变异体的耐盐特性可以稳定遗传给后代，经筛选的花培株系中，耐盐特性能够稳定遗传的株系比例约占１／４，应用于育种实践，经多点鉴定，选育出了一批有实用价值的种质材料和优 相似文献
9.
外源DNA直接导入大豆遗传变异的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用花粉管通道导入法,将外源ＤＮＡ导入栽培大豆中,供体的一些抗逆性、优质和其他优良性状,在受体的导入后代中得以表达,分析受体遗传变异规律,发现大豆蛋白质这一生化指标独立于其他农艺性状,是由简单基因控制的遗传。并且从变异后代中筛选出有突出优点且综合性状优良的新种质材料。 相似文献
10.
小麦×玉米杂交后代的农艺性状变异 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从５个组合的小麦×玉米杂交后代中筛选出４２个变异株系与其小麦亲本作比较，这些株系在株高、有效穗数、穗长、穗粒数、粒重、成熟期及抗病性等性状产生了不同程度的变异，且这些变异是双向性的；从这些变异株系中筛选出了一些植株较矮、高抗白粉病、农艺性状好的株系，可以作为优良的育种亲本材料。证明小麦×玉米杂交途径在小麦单倍体育种、品种改良和提高育种效率方面具有重要实用价值。 相似文献
11.
Anther and isolated microspore culture response of wheat lines from northwestern and eastern Europe 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hexaploid wheat genotypes from north-western Europe show low responses to current anther culture techniques. This phenomenon was investigated on 145 north-western European wheat lines. Twenty-seven lines from eastern Europe were included to observe the response pattern of wheat from an area, where the technique has been used successfully. On average, eastern European wheat lines produced 3.6 green plants per 111 anthers, while only 1.4 green plants per 111 anthers were obtained in north-western European lines. This difference was due to the high capacity for embryo formation among the eastern European lines, while the ability to regenerate green plants was widespread in both germplasm groups. Isolated wheat microspore culture performed on 85 of these wheat lines gave an average 3.7-fold increase in green plants per anther compared with the anther culture response. The increased recovery of green plants was due to improved plant regeneration and increased green plant percentage from embryos derived from isolated microspore culture. 相似文献
12.
用花药培养选择具有高诱导率(a)和高分化率(b)的高花培效率(a×b)的八倍体小黑麦(2n=8x=56)和单倍体小黑麦(n=4x=28)是很有效的。八倍体小黑麦的花培效率同普通小麦一样,每百个花药可出2.5株绿苗。由八倍体小黑麦(A 类)花培所得的花粉植株(B 类)再进行一次花培,在所获得的 C 类植株中就能选出花培效率达到八倍体小黑麦水平的 相似文献
13.
X. Q. Zhang X. P. Wang K. Ross H. Hu J. P. Gustafson C. O. Qualset 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(1):39-42
Powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis) and yellow rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis) are the two most serious wheat diseases found in China. Rye chromosomes, carrying genes for resistance to these diseases, were introduced into common wheat in two generations using chromosome engineering and anther culture. The F1 hybrids from a cross involving a hexaploid triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) בChinese Spring’ nulli‐tetrasomic N6DT6A wheat aneuploid line were anther cultured and doubled‐haploid plants were regenerated. Using genomic in situ hybridization, C‐banding and biochemical marker analyses, one of the anther‐cultured lines (ZH‐1)studied in detail, proved to be a doubled‐haploid with one rye chromosome pair added (1R) and a homozygous 6R/6D substitution (2n= 44). The line was tested for expression of disease resistance and found to be highly resistant to powdery mildew and moderately resistant to yellow rust. 相似文献
14.
优质黑粒小麦76的选育及品质分析 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26
应用小麦属间远缘杂交和染色体工程与组织培养等生物技术,首次育成了黑粒小麦76新品种,填补了自然界黑色谷物家族中无小麦的空白。文中报道了黑粒小麦76的选育经过,育种程序,特征特性和营养成分的分析比较。又人工合成黑粒小麦的可行性,超优小麦的选育等也进行了探讨。 相似文献
15.
通过小麦与长穗偃麦草远缘杂交创制附加系、代换系及易位系是小麦遗传改良中利用长穗偃麦草优良基因的重要途径。本研究将长穗偃麦草特异分子标记、染色体计数、基因组原位杂交(GISH)及非变性原位杂交(ND-FISH)等多种方法相结合,对硬粒小麦Langdon(AABB)与小偃麦8801(AABBEE)的杂交后代群体进行分子细胞学鉴定,创制出硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草3E、6E染色体双体附加系Du-DA3E和Du-DA6E,硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草1E(1B)染色体双体代换系Du-DS1E(1B)以及硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草1AS-1EL染色体易位系Du-T1AS·1EL。创制的4个种质中长穗偃麦草染色体均能稳定遗传,这不仅增加了硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草附加系和代换系的类型,还为后续利用长穂偃麦草优良基因改良小麦提供了特殊种质资源。 相似文献
16.
Summary The study was undertaken to evaluate the relative efficiency of anther culture and chromosome elimination (by crosses with maize) techniques of haploid induction in intergenotypic triticale and triticale × wheat hybrids. For this, 15 triticale × wheat and 8 triticale × triticale F1 hybrids were subjected to anther culture and were also simultaneously crossed with the `Madgran Local' genotype of maize (Zea mays L.) to induce haploids through the chromosome elimination technique. The haploid embryo formation frequency through the chromosome elimination technique was significantly higher in both, triticale × wheat (20.4%) and triticale × triticale (17.0%) F1 genotypes, as compared to the calli induction frequencies through anther culture (1.6 and 1.4%, respectively). Further, four triticale × wheat and three triticale × triticale F1 genotypes failed to respond to anther culture, whereas, all the F1 genotypes formed sufficient number of haploid embryos through the chromosome elimination technique with no recovery of albino plantlets. The haploid plantlet regeneration frequencies were also significantly higher through the latter technique in both triticale × wheat (42.7%) and triticale × triticale (49.4%) F1s as compared to anther culture (8.2 and 4.0%, respectively), where the efficiency was drastically reduced by several constraints like, high genotypic specificity, low regeneration frequency and albinism. The overall success rates of obtaining doubled haploids per 100 pollinated florets/anthers cultured were also significantly higher through the chromosome elimination technique (1.1% in triticale × wheat and 1.5% in triticale × triticale hybrids), proving it to be a highly efficient and economically more viable technique of haploid induction as compared to anther culture, where the success rates were only 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. 相似文献
17.
Genotypic influence of both male and female parents on haploid production through interspecific crosses was studied using
eight wheat and four maize genotypes. The average numbers of embryos and green haploid plantlets obtained per pollinated floret
were 17.6% and 10.1%, respectively. Clear genotypic influence of the wheat genotype was detected, but heterozygosity of the
wheat did not affect haploid production. Analogous response to anther culture and interspecific crossing was observed, still
a wheat variety which did not respond to anther culture, produced 1.1 plantlets per pollinated spike upon maize pollination.
This appears to be a major advantage of interspecific crossing compared to anther culture technique in wheat. Circumstantial
evidence is presented for specific wheat × maize interaction on haploid plantlet formation. Rye chromatin enhanced haploid
production but only in a complete 1B/1R substitution line. Ovaries with an embryo were found to be dispersed evenly all over
the wheat spike, suggesting that within certain limits the developmental stage of ovaries and thus time of pollination within
a spike are not as important as it was previously assumed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
19.
基因型和环境条件对小麦花药培养效果的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为进一步提高小麦花培育种效率,明确花药培养力的遗传控制基础,以11个小麦品种及其组配的20个F1杂种为材料,探讨了基因型、培养基和环境条件对愈伤组织诱导率的影响。在W14D、W14gD、W14GD培养基上,Alondra、Verry、石4185、新春9号和百农3217的花药易被诱导产生愈伤组织,诱导率为25.3%~51.9%,其中石4185是目前公认的花培育种优良亲本,新春9号为新发现的优良花培基因型。以宁春4号配制的部分F1杂种的愈伤组织诱导率较高,大多数组合高于10.0%,表明宁春4号与供试品种间具有较高的花药培养配合力。小麦花培育种技术要求亲本之一具有较高的花药愈伤组织诱导率或较高的花药培养配合力。小麦花药培养力的遗传控制复杂,表现为数量性状遗传,亲本花药培养力很高,其F1组合花药培养力不一定很高,这与双亲配合力有关。小麦花药培养中,供体植株生长和愈伤组织诱导的适宜条件为较长的营养生长期、适宜的前期(分蘖期)温度和较高的中期(拔节后期)温度。在添加低浓度生长素和葡萄糖的液体培养基中发现小麦花药直接成苗现象,2,4-D诱导花药直接成苗效果优于Dicamba。随着年度间气候升高的影响,相同基因型花药愈伤组织诱导率呈现增加趋势。 相似文献
20.
Utilization of the doubled haploid method of breeding usually shortens the time to cultivar release, and methods of haploid production need evaluation in a breeding programme. Thirty-eight different three-way crosses were tested for anther culture response. On average 5.8 percent of the anthers cultured produced calli. Three crosses were found recalcitrant for callus induction. Overall, the anther culture method produced 0.6 plantlet per 100 anthers cultured. Five crosses with an average of 5.8 and 2.8 percent of anthers producing calli and plantlets, respectively, were compared using anther culture and wheat × maize crosses. Non-responsive genotypes for callus induction and plantlet formation in the anther culture method proved to be good parental material in wheat × maize crosses. The average percentages of embryo formation and plantlet production in wheat × maize crosses were 10.3 and 4.7, respectively. Anther-derived plants were cytologically unstable, whereas all the plants regenerated from wheat × maize crosses were haploids (n = 21 chromosomes). The chromosome numbers of the polyhaploids were doubled with a colchicine treatment. Improvement of the two haploid production methods to facilitate their efficient use in a breeding programme is discussed. 相似文献