共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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采用扫描电镜和组织切片方法研究了玫烟色拟青霉(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)对3龄菜青虫的侵染和致病作用。结果表明:玫烟色拟青霉可通过体壁侵染虫体。3龄菜青虫在接菌8h后,附着在虫体表面的孢子开始萌发,24h后菌丝即可穿透体壁进入血腔,48h后可见虫体内有部分菌丝体。侵入虫体内的菌丝对寄主组织没有选择性。菌丝首先在入侵的血腔中生长,然后侵入邻近的脂肪体和肌肉,随菌丝在虫体内的增殖,中肠、丝腺等相继被侵染。受侵的各组织器官均发生明显的病变,如体壁分离、脂肪体变形、溶解,肌纤维排列松散,中肠上皮细胞脱落并出现许多空泡等。 相似文献
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几株真菌代谢产物的杀虫效果试验简报 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本试验选用真菌拟青霉、镰刀菌等属的１５个菌株的代谢产物，对小莱蛾、菜青虫进行室内防效试验。结果发现，环链拟青霉１８０＾＃、蝉拟青霉２０＾＃、砖红镰刀１２７＾＃、嗜蚧镰刀１２３＾＃对小菜蛾的较好的防效，致死率在２７．９－９３．１％之间；粉拟青霉２５＾＃、１６２＾＃，环链拟青霉１８０＾＃，砖红镰刀１２７＾＃，雪腐镰刀孺孢变种１７６＾＃对菜青虫的防效在３８．３－８９．１％之间。 相似文献
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茶树害虫的虫生真菌 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
从罹病茶树害虫中分离到5种拟青霉,它们是:斜链拟青霉(Paecilomy-ces cateniobliquus Liang sp.nov.)、环链拟青霉(Paecilomyces catenia-nnulatus Liang sp.nov.)、细脚青拟霉[Paecilomyces tenuipes(Peck) Samson]、粉质拟青霉[Paecilomyces farinosus (Holm ex S.F.Gray) Brown et Smith]和玫烟色拟青霉[Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown et Smith]。 相似文献
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素毒蛾 Laelia coenosa 是为害荻和芦苇的食叶性大害虫,间歇性暴发成灾。但在大发生年份,常伴随粉质拟青霉 Paecilomyces farinosus 的流行。此菌对压低虫口数量起着较为重要的作用。近年来,我们对素毒蛾粉质拟青霉作了菌原的分离和形态观察、培养基比较试验和生物测验,其后又进行了田间寄生率调查和杀虫测验,现将研究结果简要报道如下。 相似文献
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黄瓜花叶病毒两亚组分离物寄主反应和血清学性质比较研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9
本文对枯萎病菌侵入黄瓜不同抗性品种的途径,以及黄瓜受侵染根部维管组织的变化进行了观察。分生孢子在幼根表皮上萌发产生菌丝,通过胞间层侵入表皮细胞,之后菌丝继续向内部生长,穿过皮层组织进入导管。受侵染的导管内相继出现壁覆盖物、侵填体及褐色物。抗病品种的壁覆盖物比感病品种的厚:侵填体由受侵染导管旁边的薄壁细胞产生,一个细胞可产生多个侵填体,并在侵填体中观察到细胞核的存在,感病品种中的侵填体发育不充分,抗病品种中的侵填体能完全堵塞导管;谒色物在感病、抗病品种中均能完全堵塞导管,对菌丝的侵入构成了较强的机械障碍。 相似文献
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棉铃虫感染白僵菌后的组织病理变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
棉铃虫组织切片观察表明,白僵菌处理后２４小时,萌发的孢子附着棉铃虫体壁;３６小时,孢子萌发的芽管侵入到外表皮。３天后棉铃虫内表皮被分解,菌丝进入血腔,附着肠壁细胞。感病幼虫多数于第５天死亡,白僵菌继续在死亡虫体内增殖。 相似文献
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淡紫拟青霉在线虫生物防治上表现出巨大的潜力,但现今产品货架期短、土壤定殖率低及生防效果不稳定限制其大规模市场应用。为解决上述问题,建立淡紫拟青霉M-1微胶囊最佳包埋工艺,本研究发展了喷雾法结合钙离子固化法,通过单因素及响应面试验优化确定淡紫拟青霉M-1微胶囊制备的最佳工艺条件,得到最佳工艺参数为：海藻酸钠添加量3.183%、菌粉与海藻酸钠溶液的质量比1.71:100、膨化鸡羽毛粉添加量4%、活性碳添加量4%、进料流量为3.7 L/h、CaCl2浓度为3%、壳聚糖浓度为0.858%,在此优化条件下制备的微胶囊于不同环境下存储,微胶囊剂型菌株稳定性均优于粉剂剂型菌株,室温下存储12个月,仍保存20%以上活菌数。土壤定殖试验表明,不同淡紫拟青霉M-1剂型土壤定殖效果为：羽碳双基双层微胶囊>碳基双层微胶囊>粉剂。由此可见,该工艺解决淡紫拟青霉大规模市场应用的瓶颈问题,具有较高的应用价值。 相似文献
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夜蛾斯氏线虫对菜青虫几种保护酶活力的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为探索昆虫病原线虫对菜青虫保护酶活力的影响,分别用10、50、100头夜蛾斯氏线虫（Steinernema feltiae）侵染4龄菜青虫（Pieris rapae）,对侵染后菜青虫体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力变化进行了研究。结果表明,接入线虫后,菜青虫的SOD活力显著上升。16 h时各处理的SOD活力均达到最大值,10、50、100头线虫处理的菜青虫SOD活力分别为44.266 7、49.866 7、68.033 3 U/g,均显著高于对照的35.033 3 U/g（p<0.01或p<0.05）,3种线虫剂量处理之间也存在显著差异（p<0.01或p<0.05）。POD的活性在接虫后8 h各处理均显著高于对照（p<0.05）,酶活性随侵染线虫数量的增加而增大,到24 h以后酶的活性开始显著下降,线虫剂量越大下降越快。CAT活力在处理后均显著上升,16~32 h各处理均维持在较高的水平,32 h以后开始显著下降。这反映出菜青虫在昆虫病原线虫侵染初期防御能力增强,16~32 h以后防御能力显著下降。 相似文献
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菜青虫感染金龟子绿僵菌后体内几种保护酶活性的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确菜青虫感染金龟子绿僵菌后体内的防御机制,采用分光光度法测定了菜青虫被金龟子绿僵菌感染后体内保护酶活性的变化。结果表明,用金龟子绿僵菌处理后菜青虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)均呈现先上升后下降趋势,反映出菜青虫在金龟子绿僵菌侵染初期防御能力增强,后期降低。其中,SOD、POD和CAT活力分别在接种后36、24和48h达到高峰,说明菜青虫在抵抗金龟子绿僵菌侵染过程中,首先发生作用的保护酶是POD,随后为SOD,而CAT是最后发生作用的保护酶。 相似文献
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The effects of sublethal dosages of insecticides applied to Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach (Homoptera: Aphidiidae) on the insecticide susceptibility of the surviving endoparasitoids, Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), were studied in Shangjie, Minhou, China. The susceptibility to methamidophos and the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to methamidophos and dichlorvos in the adults of host insects were substantially lower than those in the two parasitoids. The host insects were treated with sublethal dosages of methamidophos in P. xylostella and of methamidophos and avermectin in L. erysimi. The cocoon formation in the two parasitoids decreased significantly, from 35.0% (control) to 13.0% (with methamidophos treatment) for C. plutellae; from 20.6% (control) to 9.0% (with methamidophos treatment) and from 24.3% (control) to 16.7% (with avermectin treatment) for D. rapae. The susceptibility to methamidophos of the resultant emerging adults of the two parasitoids was found to be significantly lower than that of the control when the parasitoids were left in contact with the same dosages of methamidophos. The average AChE activity inhibition by methamidophos and dichlorvos in 34-60 adults of the two parasitoids that emerged from the treatments (15.1% and 31.8% respectively for C. plutellae, and 21.1% and 26.9% for D. rapae) was also significantly lower than those of the controls (55.4% and 48.3% respectively for C. plutellae, and 42.9% and 51.7% for D. rapae). The bimolecular rate constant (k(i)) values of AChE to methamidophos and dichlorvos in the adults of parasitoids without the insecticide treatment were 1.78 and 1.56 times as high as those that emerged from the host insects treated with methamidophos for C. plutellae, and 1.91 and 1.66 times as high as those in the case of D. rapae. It is suggested that there is a difference in AChE sensitivity to insecticides between the resultant emerging parasitoids with and without insecticide pretreatment. Furthermore, the introduction of the insecticides to the host insects could be an important factor in the insecticide resistance development of the endoparasitoids. The natural selectivity would favour the parasitoids that had developed an insensitivity to the insecticide(s). 相似文献
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松墨天牛病原菌及其致病性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对华东地区松材线虫病疫区和松墨天牛主要发生的13个地区随机抽样调查,共获松墨天牛病原真菌9属12种,病原细菌2属2种。其中,我国首次报道的松墨天牛病原菌新种类有：金龟子绿僵菌小孢变种Metarhizium anisopliae var.anisopliae、粉拟青霉Paecilomyces farinosus、尖镰孢Fusarium oxysporum、蜡蚧轮枝霉Verticillum lecanii、青霉Penicillium spp.、黄曲霉Aspergillus flavus、曲霉Aspergillus spp.、木霉Trichoderma spp.和粘质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens。经致病性测定表明,球孢白僵菌、金龟子绿僵菌小孢变种、粉拟青霉对松墨天牛有较强的致病力,处理后16d的致死率分别为100%、100%和70%。 相似文献
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田间菜蛾绒茧蜂Cotesia plutellae、颈双缘姬蜂Diadromus collaris和菜蚜茧蜂Diaeretiella rapae对敌敌畏的敏感度及AChE的Ki值远高于其寄主害虫小菜蛾Plutella xylostella和菜缢管蚜Lipaphis erysimi。与对照(25℃)相比,高反应温度(37℃)可显著增高敌敌畏对所测试的5种昆虫AChE的抑制率,而低反应温度(5℃)对5种昆虫AChE的抑制率影响不显著。研究结果还表明,高温对3种寄生蜂AChE的影响明显高于对2种寄主害虫AChE的影响。 相似文献
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侵染小菜蛾的布伦克虫疠霉Pandora blunckii在广东省首次发现,该菌可引起西洋菜田中小菜蛾Plutella xylostella种群的流行病,侵染率为20.7%,主要侵染小菜蛾三、四龄幼虫;该菌不能侵染四龄菜青虫。本文还对该菌侵染小菜蛾引起的症状及其形态特征进行了描述。 相似文献
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Antonious GF 《Pest management science》2002,58(1):85-91
The efficacy of esfenvalerate (84 g litre-1 EC; Asana XL) at 7.0 g AI ha-1 on broccoli was tested against the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) and the imported cabbage worm, Pieris rapae L (Pieridae: Lepidoptera) under field conditions. Insect populations were monitored before and after treatment. Periodic sweep-net collections and examination of the leaves in treated and untreated broccoli plots revealed mean reductions of P cruciferae levels of nearly 98% 1 week post-application compared with untreated plots. The residual toxicity of esfenvalerate was also effective for 2 weeks in reducing population density of P rapae by 69% on broccoli leaves. The impact of esfenvalerate on feeding damage to broccoli leaves was established by counting the number of feeding holes made by P cruciferae on spring broccoli and P rapae on fall broccoli. As the leaf area ingested increased, a linear relationship was seen between the number of holes and number of insects. Results indicated that forage destruction by the two pests was significantly reduced by esfenvalerate application. Esfenvalerate was extracted from broccoli at 1 h and 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days post-application for residue analysis. Residues on spring broccoli were 12.2, 5.2 and 2.9 micrograms cm-2 on the leaves and 0.13, 0.05 and 0.02 microgram g-1 on the heads at 1 h, 1 and 3 days, respectively. Only trace levels (0.001 microgram g-1) were detected in/on the heads 14 days after spraying. On the basis of half-life (T1/2) values, persistence of esfenvalerate on spring broccoli leaves (T1/2 = 1 day) was shorter than on fall broccoli (T1/2 = 1.6 days). T1/2 values were 2.1 and 3.6 days on spring and fall broccoli heads, respectively. The implications of these residue levels on re-entry times into treated fields are discussed. 相似文献