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1.
4个抗黄萎病海岛棉染色体片段导入系黄萎病抗性配合力分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以海岛棉7124抗黄萎病染色体片段导入系CSIL-035、CSIL-096、CSIL-108和CSIL-155为父本,新陆早33号、新陆早40号、新陆早42号、新陆早45号为母本,采用不完全双列杂交法配制16个组合,进行海岛棉染色体片段导入系黄萎病抗性配合力研究。研究结果表明,导入系CSIL-035、CSIL-096、CSIL-108和CSIL-155的发病率、病情指数、相对病指均具有较高的负向一般配合力(General combining ability,GCA)效应,均达到了显著水平。新陆早33号分别与导入系CSIL-035、CSIL-096、CSIL-108和CSIL-155配置的组合,其发病率、病情指数、相对病指特殊配合力(Specialcombiningability,SCA)效应为负值,均达到了显著或极显著水平。组合新陆早40号×CSIL-035和新陆早42号×CSIL-155的病情指数、相对病指SCA效应为负值,对黄萎病的抗性具有正向的促进作用。 相似文献
2.
杂交水稻品质性状的配合力及遗传力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2017,(10)
为了给杂交水稻主要品质性状的选育提供依据,本研究以三系野败型杂交水稻的恢复系和微核心种质构成的112份优异品种为父本,以四个两系不育系和一个三系不育系为母本,按照不完全双列杂交设计配制了560个组合,分析各组合及其亲本的12个品质性状的配合力与遗传力。结果显示考查的12个品质性状的一般配合力(general combining ability,GCA)和特殊配合力(specific combining ability,SCA)均存在极显著差异,说明各性状受基因加性效应和非加性效应的共同作用,其中在直链淀粉含量、粒长宽比、粒长、粒宽、垩白粒率及垩白度等性状上基因的加性效应占主导地位;在蛋白质含量、糙米率、精米率、整精米率、透明度及碱消值级等性状上则以基因的非加性效应为主。同一组合在不同性状间及同一亲本所配的不同组合的SCA差异较大,最高或最低SCA的组合可来自不同GCA的亲本组合类型,表明亲本GCA与SCA没有固定联系。母本的GCA方差贡献率为0.76%~26.21%,父本的GCA方差贡献率为17.47%~81.94%,在各性状上母本GCA方差贡献率均比父本GCA方差贡献率小,说明各性状受母本(不育系)的影响均较小。直链淀粉含量、粒长宽比、粒长、粒宽、垩白粒率及垩白度的狭义遗传力较高,均在50%以上,可在低世代进行选择。 相似文献
3.
模拟干旱胁迫下不同甘蓝型油菜品种发芽能力的配合力与遗传效应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选择7个干旱胁迫下发芽能力不同的甘蓝型油菜品种进行完全双列杂交, 将亲本及F1代种子在10% PEG模拟干旱胁迫条件下发芽, 测定相对单株鲜重、相对茎长、相对成苗率、相对发芽率、相对发芽势和相对活力指数, 用Griffing I方法对发芽性状进行一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)遗传分析。结果表明, 一般配合力方差在42个组合间各性状达到了极显著水平, 特殊配合力方差在42个组合间除了相对活力指数外的各性状也达到了极显著水平。其中, 中双9号上述6性状的一般配合力效应值最高分别为0.0656、0.0708、0.1185、0.1048、0.1096和0.0861; 中双6号一般配合力效应虽然不高, 但其组合中双6号×西农长角和中双6号×中双10号的特殊配合力效应较高, 是耐旱性较强的组合。 相似文献
4.
为确定新育成印水型杂交粳稻亲本的潜力,并为印水型杂交粳稻育种提供理论基础,本研究以4个不育系和4 个恢复系为亲本进行不完全双列杂交,研究产量及其构成因素的配合力。结果表明：产量性状一般配合力(GCA)方差均达到极显著水平,除结实率外,父本的一般配合力方差大于母本,单株产量、有效穗和结实率的特殊配合力(SCA)方差达到显著或极显著水平。139A和晚轮422 的GCA效应较高,产量性状以Ⅱ类为主,139A×晚轮422 和辽粳10A×晚轮422 的单株产量水平及组合SCA效应较高。父本GCA效应和组合SCA效应对产量性状的影响较大,母本GCA效应对产量性状的影响相对较小。本研究中,父本的遗传差异大于母本,对产量性状的影响也大于母本,139A和晚轮422 有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
5.
选用4份分枝型恢复系和6份雄性不育系材料作亲本,按照不完全双列杂交（NCII）设计配制24份向日葵杂交组合,对组合的小区产量、单株产量、单盘实粒数、百粒重、籽仁率、籽粒长度和籽粒宽度7个性状的亲本配合力、遗传参数及竞争优势进行分析。结果表明,24份组合的7个性状存在真实性的遗传差异。在亲本不育系一般配合力（GCA）选择的基础上,应注意组合特殊配合力（SCA）的选择,GCA效应值高的亲本育种潜力较大,组配出优势组合的概率大;籽粒长度和籽粒宽度的狭义遗传力较低,分别为7.91%和14.89%,不宜进行早代选择;GCA较高的不育系为亲本A和亲本D,其中亲本A在各性状上均为正向GCA效应值,且在供试不育系中,其GCA效应值最大,其次为亲本D;组合1×A小区产量的SCA效应值及竞争优势最高,为本试验中的最优组合,其他籽粒性状与对照相比也均有提升。 相似文献
6.
水稻收获指数遗传及其与主要农艺性状的相关研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用完全双列杂交的遗传设计,以5个各具特性的水稻品种为材料,对收获指数的遗传进行研究。结果表明,收获指数的一般配合力（GCA）效应、特殊配合力（SCA）效应和反交（R）效应均达极显著水平,其方差比为2.595∶1.232∶1;F2群体收获指数从低到高呈连续的近正态分布,表现数量性状的遗传特点;在加性显性模型中加性效应和显性效应达极显著值,狭义遗传力和广义遗传力分别为40.17%、67.94%。遗传相关分析表明,收获指数与结实率显著正相关,与穗长、千粒重和生物量显著负相关,由于穗长、千粒重有较高的遗传力,因此在早代对穗长、千粒重进行选择能间接改良收获指数。初步明确水稻收获指数是一个由多基因控制的数量性状,符合加性显性模型,遗传以加性效应为主,显性效应和其它效应（如反交效应）也起一定的作用,遗传力较高,可在早期分离世代进行选择。上述的结果将为水稻新品种选育提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
棉花复合杂交育成亲本主要产量性状的杂种优势及配合力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为测定利用复合杂交育成的5个亲本的育种应用潜力,将5个亲本与4个推广品种采用不完全双列杂交设计配制20个组合,对组合的产量及相关性状的杂种优势进行分析,并对5个亲本的产量及相关性状进行配合力分析.结果:铃数对产量的贡献最大;A1亲本在铃数,A2亲本在衣分,A3亲本在铃重,A 5亲本在铃重、衣分性状上一般配合力(GCA)为正,A 5亲本是一个较理想的亲本;具有较高特殊配合力效应(SCA)的组合有A5×B3、A2×B2、A3×B1.结论:利用复合杂交培育高配合力亲本是可行的;但不同来源的亲本在同一性状,同一亲本的不同性状间一般配合力(GCA)是不同的;同一性状的不同组合间,同一组合的不同性状间特殊配合力(SCA)效应也都存在大小或方向上的差异. 相似文献
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9.
为了明确玉米果穗相关性状的配合力及其遗传效应,按NCⅡ遗传交配设计,对参试的20个玉米自交系(9个母本,11个父本)的9个性状的一般配合力、特殊配合力、广义遗传力、狭义遗传力进行分析。结果表明,5个自交系JZF5、JZF2、JZM10、JZM5、JZM3在穗粒重等多个性状上兼具一般配合力(GCA)有益的显著或极显著值。穗粒重特殊配合力(SCA)排名前5的杂交组合JZF5×JZM4、JZF2×JZM1、JZF8×JZM5、JZF6×JZM5、JZF7×JZM5,它们的亲本之一穗粒重GCA为极显著正值,提示在杂交种组配时应兼顾GCA和SCA效应。穗长、秃尖长、行粒数、穗行数、水份含量加性遗传方差占比大于70%,穗粒重的加性遗传方差占比为35.7%,主要由非加性遗传方差构成。广义遗传力上,水份含量>秃尖长>穗行数>穗长>穗粒重>行粒数>穗轴重>穗宽>百粒重,其中秃尖长、穗行数的广义遗传力大于60%,水分含量的广义遗传力大于70%。狭义遗传力上,秃尖长>水份含量>穗行数>穗长>行粒数>穗轴重>穗宽>百粒重>穗粒重,其中秃尖长、水份含量和穗行数的狭义遗传力大于50%,适宜在早代进行选择；百粒重和穗粒重的狭义遗传力最低,分别是22.8%和19.7%,不宜在早代进行选择。本研究的果穗部分性状供试特性偏向父本,建议关注父本对玉米杂交种果穗相关性状的重要影响。 相似文献
10.
为了选育抗赤霉病且籽粒毒素含量低的小麦品种以减轻赤霉病危害,在对我国南方麦区地方品种进行赤霉病抗性鉴定的基础上,选用8个籽粒中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol, DON）含量水平不同的小麦品种作亲本,按8×8半双列杂交配制28个杂交组合,以接种后成熟籽粒中DON含量、病小穗数、病小穗率和病粒率为指标,进行赤霉病抗性、一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）遗传分析,以及不同鉴定指标间比较和相关性分析。结果表明,8个品种中籽粒DON含量以苏麦3号最低(0.5715 mg kg-1),Alondra’s最高(13.5560 mg kg-1),各组合F1的籽粒DON含量均低于感病品种Alondra’s。品种间GCA和SCA存在显著差异,籽粒DON含量以加性效应为主,存在部分显性效应。苏麦3号、望水白和翻山小麦表现出较好的一般配合力效应。以苏麦3号为亲本的5个组合、望水白为亲本的4个组合特殊配合力效应较大。扬麦158一般配合力效应较小,但有4个组合表现较好的特殊配合力效应。籽粒DON含量和病小穗数、病小穗率、病粒率呈极显著的正相关关系。感病品种Alondra’s和绵阳8545的各个抗性鉴定指标的一般配合力在8个品种的排序中表现一致,抗病品种各个抗性指标的一般配合力在8个参试材料间的排序有所差异。DON含量的狭义遗传力为74.54%,因此以抗DON积累为指标的赤霉病抗性育种,可以在早期世代进行选择。 相似文献
11.
Combining ability analysis for harvest index in winter wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Cereal breeders have used harvest index (HI) as a selection criterion in segregating generations to identify physiologically superior lines with improved partitioning of total assimilate into grain. Information on combining ability for HI of the hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of the Southern Great Plains is not available. A study was undertaken to examine HI of seven genetically diverse winter wheat parents, evaluate their general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects, and study correlations of HI with several agronomic traits. The seven parents were crossed in a half-diallel mating design to produce 21 crosses. The F1's, their F2 progenies, and the parents were evaluated in replicated field tests at Stillwater and at Lahoma, OK. The combining ability analysis was performed using Griffing's Method 4, Model 1. The results showed significant variation among parents for HI. The GCA and the SCA effects were mostly inconsistent between generations and between environments. However, parents with consistently high HI and positive GCA estimates were identified. The progeny with high HI mostly resulted from parents with high GCA estimates. The correlations between HI and agronomic traits indicated that improvement in HI should also result in high grain yield, early maturity, and short plant height. 相似文献
12.
M. I. E. Arabi 《Euphytica》2005,145(1-2):161-170
Barley breeders in Syria attempting to develop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars resistant to barley leaf stripe (BLS) disease caused by Pyrenophora graminea Ito & Kuribayashi [anamorph Drechslera graminea (Rabenh. Ex. Schlech. Shoem.)]. Information on the combining ability for BLS resistance in Syria is not available. This study
was conducted to evaluate, in 10 genetically diverse barley parents, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining
ability (SCA) effects towards the determination of the genetic basis of disease resistance and to estimate genetic variability
for yield components and its modification by BLS. Ten parental genotypes varying in their reactions to BLS were crossed in
a half-diallel mating design to generate 45 full-sib families. The families and the parents were inoculated with P. graminea and evaluated for resistance in replicated field tests (three inoculated and three non-inoculated plots). The parents chosen
showed wide variations for resistance to BLS. Genetic component analysis showed significant effects for both GCA and SCA for
resistance to BLS, suggesting that additive as well as non-additive genetic mechanisms were involved in the expression of
resistance in these parents. GCA effects were more important than SCA effects. Resistant parents exhibited high negative GCA
indicating that additive gene effects were more predominant, and suggesting their prime suitability for use in barley breeding
programs to improve resistance to BLS. Narrow-sense heritability was 58% and broad-sense heritability was 99% indicating that
selection for BLS resistance should be effective in these crosses. A high genetic variability for the agronomic traits studied
was observed. Yield components decreased significantly in inoculated plants and more pronounced in diseased plants. Significant
GCA was observed for all traits. Values for GCA were, in some cases, significantly modified by BLS. This indicates that attention
must be paid to the danger of drawing conclusion in quantitative genetics studies dealing with both diseased and healthy plants.
Two genotypes, Banteng and Igri, had high negative GCA effects and are promising parents for enhancement of BLS resistance. 相似文献
13.
Diallel crosses have been widely used for analysis of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis. In the present research, 12 lines were selected from 60 inbred rice bred by International Rice Research Institute with extremely-high or -low yielding records according to the previous three consecutive seasons of yield trial experiments, to construct a half diallel cross. The genetic distances (GDs) revealed by molecular markers for the 12 lines ranged from 0.2288 to 0.7169, averaging at 0.5882; clustering analysis showed the 12 lines were divided into four groups maintaining the original cluster structure of the 60 lines. The positive loci (PLs) including effective-increasing loci (ILs) and effective-decreasing loci (DLs) were screened. The results showed that hybrids derived from those parents with higher GCA effects had better performance for traits of yield and yield components. The SCA effects were strongly correlated to F1 performance as well as heterosis; the GDs based on ILs were significantly positive correlated to SCA effects and heterosis for yield and yield components while the GDs based on DLs showed the significant negative correlations. Based on this research, a new conception, i.e. general sum of combining ability (GSCA) was conceived, which is defined as the sum of GCAs for two parents of a hybrid. The GSCA and SCA showed similar correlations with traits of yield and yield components. The results illustrated that ILs could be used for further study on prediction of heterosis for traits of yield and yield components; and GSCA may be another considerable parameter combined with ILs for breeders in selecting elite hybrid. 相似文献
14.
本文对54个芝麻杂交组合,10个性状的杂种优势与配合力效应关系研究表明:芝麻杂种优势普遍存在,而且超显性优势较强,其优势顺序依次为单株产量>单株蒴数>果轴长>株高,其它性状优势较小.各性状的杂种优势与其特殊配合力效应均呈显著的正相关.杂种优势主要由其特殊配合力效应提供.但某些组合的特殊配合力效应很小,甚至为负值,其杂种优势表现也很明显,这主要是由于亲本一般配合力效应中包括很大部分杂种优势效应.因此,在选配强优组合时,除了考虑组合的特殊配合力效应外,亲本的优势效应也是不可忽视的. 相似文献
15.
A total of four traits related to bioactive potential of the tetraploid potato were studied in a North Carolina II cross‐experiment. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for target bioactive compounds in a tetraploid potato population, to determine phenotypic and genotypic correlations and to calculate combining ability effects of cultivars and breeding lines included in the crossing scheme. Total monomeric anthocyanins, phenolics, carotenoids and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity were measured by spectrophotometric methods. The sources of variation female (GCAf), male (GCAm) and their interaction (SCA) were significant for bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. Narrow‐sense heritability estimates (h2) were moderate for all the traits (0.413–0.657). Both phenotypic and genotypic correlations were highly significant for phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. As regards combining ability, positive and negative GCA and also SCA effects have been identified for bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. These results indicate that hybrid breeding lines can be obtained by choosing parents with significant GCA, whose bioactive potential can also be further enhanced if the crosses have a significant SCA. 相似文献
16.
O. P. Yadav 《Euphytica》1994,78(1-2):77-80
Summary The threshing percentage (TH%) has been suggested as a selection criterion to identify the pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) lines with improved ability to fill and set grains under water limiting conditions. In this study, eight genetically diverse pearl millet inbreds and their 28 crosses produced by half diallel crossing design were used to examine range in TH%, to evaluate general combining ability (GCA) of parents and specific combining ability (SCA) effects of crosses. The results showed significant variation among parental lines for TH%. The inbreds differed for their GCA effects and crosses for their SCA effects. Parents with high TH% and positive GCA effects were identified. The results of the study revealed that both additive and dominance components, with the preponderance of later, were important in the inheritance of TH%. Heritability in narrow sense was moderate (55%) indicating that selection for high TH% might be effective. 相似文献
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18.
以10个普通玉米自交系及其90个杂交组合在北京和山西2个地点的试验数据,分析了蛋白质、淀粉和油分含量的配合力效应。结果表明：(1) 各性状的一般配合力(GCA和特殊配合力(SCA) 均方极显著,且GCA均方大于SCA均方,说明它们在遗传上主要受加性基因效应的影响。(2) 杂交种的3个品质性状与亲本GCA平均值和SCA极显著正相关,但与亲本GCA均值间的相关性相对较强,其相关系数(r)分别为0.708**(蛋白质)、0.756**(淀粉)和0.772**(油分),表明提高亲本GCA对改良杂交种品质具有更大的作用。(3) 自交系BT1和E28的蛋白质含量GCA较高,掖478、昌7-2、掖107和48-2的淀粉含量GCA较高,E28、黄C和P138的油分含量GCA较高。 相似文献