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1.
We analyzed 17 seed sources (seed stands) of Pinus wallichiana for variations present in cone and seed characters, scattered over natural distribution in north-west Himalayan states (Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh) of India. The significant variations were observed in cone weight, cone length, cone width, seed length, seed width, seed weight, seed germination, radicle length, and plumule length among different seed sources of the species. Significant positive correlation between seed weight, cone weight and cone width showed that seed weight in the species depend more on the cone size. Seed germination was also positively correlated with seed weight, cone weight and radicle length in the study. The estimates of variability with regard to genetic parameters for seed weight, seed germination, cone length, cone width, cone weight showed wide range of variation in the study. Seed weight showed high heritability values coupled with maximum genetic gain. Traits with such values indicate presence of good amount of heritable additive components and are under strong genetic control. The findings of the study revealed that seed sources expressed both phenotypic and genotypic differences in the seed and cone traits which might be due to the differences in genetic make up of various seed sources and environmental factors i.e. genotypic and environmental interaction. The study suggests that the seed weight should be given the top priority for the further improvement of this species. 相似文献
2.
利用来自7省区36个木荷种源在浙江淳安和福建建瓯两试验点的苗期测定材料,研究其苗木生长、根系特征和叶片形态等12个性状的种源差异及其地理变异模式。方差分析结果显示,除主根长、侧根长和叶片颜色在种源间无显著差异外,其它性状的种源效应都达到显著或极显著水平。种源苗木性状与产地地理气候因子的相关分析发现,苗高、叶片特征(叶片数、叶片宽、叶片厚)及秋末嫩叶颜色等呈典型的纬向变异模式,产地温度则是造成这种纬向变异模式的主要环境作用因子。与北部种源比较,南部种源生长快,叶片数量多,但叶片较薄较窄,其秋末嫩叶颜色变化对寒冷信号反应敏感。影响木荷种子性状表型差异的主导因素是产地的年降水量。以苗高为标准,分别在两地点初选出优良种源10个,它们多来自25°N左右的木荷自然分布区。 相似文献
3.
Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang is a rare and protected plant in China. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic variation in this species and to document phenotypic variation within and among populations of P. bournei. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multiple comparisons, principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were used to analyze ten phenotypic traits in ten natural populations of P. bournei from both the northeastern and the primary region of the range of this species. Significant differences among and within populations were observed in leaf and seed phenotypic traits. Variation among populations (34.92%) was greater than that within populations (26.19%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.77% among populations, indicating that variation among populations comprised the majority of the phenotypic variation of P. bournei. The coefficient of variance (CV) of ten traits varied from 6.44 to 18.45%, with an average of 12.03%. The CV of leaf traits among populations (15.64%) was higher than that of seed traits (8.60%), indicating that seed traits were more stable. The results from CV and PCA indicated that leaf area, leaf length and thousand seed weight were the main factors accounting for the observed phenotypic variations. Significant or highly significant correlations were observed among most leaf and/or in seed phenotypic traits, whereas no significant correlations were observed between phenotypic traits and geographic factors. Based on cluster analysis, the ten populations can be divided into three clusters. These clusters were not a result of geographic distances. 相似文献
4.
An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select the best planting material with higher productivity. Significant variations were observed in pod and seed characteristics, oil content, and during the progeny trial studies. The highest values were found in 100-pod weight (410.4 gm) and 100-seed weight (195.92 gm) and the phenotypic and genotypic variance was found maximum in 100 pod weight (4364.71 and 4289.93) and 100 seed weight (813.8 and 768.93), respectively. Estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all the pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits, which depict the predominant role of the environment. Approximately 99 % of broad-sense heritability was revealed in oil content, followed by 100-pod weight (98.28 %), and canopy growth (96.93 %). Pod thickness shows the highest genetic advance of 56.61 %, followed by pod width (53.43 %) and canopy growth (49.3 %). Pod and seed traits have proven a positive correlation between each other and with progeny growth traits, except a few negative values. Hierarchical clustering by Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis showed phylogeographical patterns of genetic diversity. K-means clustering revealed that trees from different geographical regions were grouped together in a cluster where as trees from the same geographical area are placed in a different cluster. Seven Pongamia ecotypes (GRP-8, 9, 13, 14, 18, 28, and 29) are found superior in traits, namely 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, oil content, germination rate, plant height, canopy growth, and collar diameter. The traits 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight are highly correlated with the progeny growth traits and even have higher heritability and genetic advantages. 相似文献
5.
6.
Phenotypic variation in Phoebe bournei populations preserved in the primary distribution area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.) Yang is a rare and protected plant in China. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic variation in this species and to document phenotypic variation within and among populations of P. bournei. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multiple comparisons, principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis were used to analyze ten phenotypic traits in ten natural populations of P.bournei from both the northeastern and the primary region of the range of this species. Significant differences among and within populations were observed in leaf and seed phenotypic traits. Variation among populations(34.92%)was greater than that within populations(26.19%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.77%among populations, indicating that variation among populations comprised the majority of the phenotypic variation of P. bournei. The coefficient of variance(CV) of ten traits varied from 6.44 to 18.45%, with an average of 12.03%.The CV of leaf traits among populations(15.64%) was higher than that of seed traits(8.60%), indicating that seed traits were more stable. The results from CV and PCA indicated that leaf area, leaf length and thousand seed weight were the main factors accounting for the observed phenotypic variations. Significant or highly significant correlations were observed among most leaf and/or in seed phenotypic traits, whereas no significant correlations were observed between phenotypic traits and geographic factors.Based on cluster analysis, the ten populations can be divided into three clusters. These clusters were not a result of geographic distances. 相似文献
7.
Pian Rui-qi Zhao Yang Li Wei Chen Xiao-yang 《中国林学(英文版)》2007,9(4):272-278
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz is a native shrub in the temperate region of China. Thirteen provenances of L. bicolor were inves-tigated in our study. Morphological diversity among and within provenances were analyzed based on 19 phenotypic traits, including seven vegetative growth characteristics, nine floral traits and three pod characteristics. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 6.4% to 65.4% and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient from 43.3% to 97.3%. Analyses of variance showed that there were extremely significant variations among and within provenances in pod length. Differences in plant height, inter-nodal length, number of branches, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area were not remarkable among provenance, but distinct within provenances. Other traits showed evidence of contrasts. Variation among provenances was the main part of phenotypic variation. Correlation analysis indicated that there were highly significant positive correlations between plant height and other vegetative growth characteristics. Floral traits were not associated with vegetative growth characteristics. The 13 provenances of L. bicolor investigated can be classi-fied into three groups according to a UPGMA cluster analysis. 相似文献
8.
《林业研究》2016,(3)
An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees(CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select the best planting material with higher productivity. Significant variations were observed in pod and seed characteristics,oil content, and during the progeny trial studies. The highest values were found in 100-pod weight(410.4 gm)and 100-seed weight(195.92 gm) and the phenotypic and genotypic variance was found maximum in 100 pod weight(4364.71 and 4289.93) and 100 seed weight(813.8 and768.93), respectively. Estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all the pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits, which depict the predominant role of the environment. Approximately 99 % of broad-sense heritability was revealed in oil content, followed by 100-pod weight(98.28 %), and canopy growth(96.93 %). Pod thickness shows the highest genetic advance of 56.61 %,followed by pod width(53.43 %) and canopy growth(49.3 %). Pod and seed traits have proven a positive correlation between each other and with progeny growth traits,except a few negative values. Hierarchical clustering by Ward's minimum variance cluster analysis showed phylogeographical patterns of genetic diversity. K-means clustering revealed that trees from different geographical regions were grouped together in a cluster where as trees from the same geographical area are placed in a different cluster. Seven Pongamia ecotypes(GRP-8, 9, 13, 14, 18,28, and 29) are found superior in traits, namely 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, oil content, germination rate,plant height, canopy growth, and collar diameter. The traits100-pod weight and 100-seed weight are highly correlated with the progeny growth traits and even have higher heritability and genetic advantages. 相似文献
9.
本文总结了1983年从澳大利亚引进的21个马占相思种源在我国广东、海南两省五个试验点上树高和胸径4年生长变异情况。结果表明,种源间存在极显著不同,呈较强的遗传变异。树高和胸径变异系数分别在0.30和0.40以上,种源方差分量均超过了总表型方差的50％;种源间在不同立地上的生长具有相对稳定性;优良种源主要分布在巴布亚新几内亚、澳大利亚昆士兰州claudie河流域和17.5°S以南低海拔地区。通过优良种源选择可使林分树高、胸径和材积分别获得相当于总体平均值8.54％、9.18％和16.81％以上的遗传增益。 相似文献
10.
El Amin Yousif Raddad 《New Forests》2007,34(3):207-222
The genetic variation in seed weight, seed number per kg and seedling traits was compared among eight Acacia senegal provenances originating from the clay plain (east) and sand plains (west) of the gum belt in Sudan. The main objective of
this study was to identify germplasm sources of A. senegal that have a good seed germination capacity and seedling traits suitable for reforestation in the clay-soil part of the dryland
gum belt in the Blue Nile region in Sudan. A specific objective was to tentatively explore the adaptive strategy of A. senegal populations. Seventeen-week-old seedlings were planted in the field at spacing of 3 m × 3 m, giving 100 trees per plot and
replication; within a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental site was in the clay plain
region. Seed variables showed significant differences. Clay plain provenances showed considerable variation in seed weight
and seed number. They had the smallest seed weight but the highest seed number, while the sand (western) provenances had the
largest seed weight but lowest seed number. Seedling branch number, root length, root to shoot ratio and shoot dry weight
differed significantly among the provenances 12 weeks after germination. Clay provenances had the highest branch number and
shoot dry weight but the shortest roots and lowest root to shoot ratio. This was interpreted as showing better adaptation
to the site in these local provenances in comparison to those originating from the western sandy soil regions. High positive
correlations were observed between seedling variables, such as root nodule and branch numbers; this could be used for early
selection. The variation was greater between provenance groups than within them, suggesting that especially selection among
groups would yield genetic gain. 相似文献
11.
China is one of the countries most severely affected by desertification. Haloxylon ammodendron is an ecologically important component of the desert ecosystem and is one of the main shrub species used for ecological restoration.
We compared the genetic variation in seed and seedling traits among six H. ammodendron provenances arrayed from east to west in China. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in well-prepared seedling
beds (lines 1.5 m apart and seeds with in lines 1.0 m apart, 2.0 cm deep) with five lines (seven seeds per line) per provenance
in a randomized block design with six replicates. The seed traits of fruit wing length, kernel weight, germination rate, and
survival rate were compared, as were the seedling traits of internode length, branch number, assimilation shoot diameter,
height, collar diameter, new shoot length, main root number, main root length, aboveground fresh weight, and underground fresh
weight. Moreover, correlations between each seed and seedling trait and climate and geographical factors were assessed. The
results show that the seeds from Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia had the best performance. Germination rate and survival rate
were significantly positively correlated with longitude; and fruit wing length, kernel weight, seedling height, and new shoot
length were significantly negatively correlated with latitude. Fruit wing length was significantly correlated with altitude.
Among the climatic factors, the temperature in January had a strong direct effect on fruit wing length, germination rate,
seedling height, and new shoot length. The mean annual rainfall had a strong direct effect on collar diameter. Humidity had
a strong direct effect on survival rate. Seedling height, aboveground weight, and collar diameter could be important criteria
for early provenance selection in the seedling stage. This study provides a reference for the selection of high-quality H. ammodendron seeds for drylands of northwest China. 相似文献
12.
A total of 24 candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. were selected to elucidate their variation and diversity based on thirteen quantitative traits (4 pod traits,
6 seed traits of parent trees and 3 progeny traits) at Forest Research Centre, Institute of Forest Productivity — Mandar,
Ranchi district during 2005–2007. The results show that, CPT-19 had maximum for seven traits viz, pod length (65.6 mm), 100-pod
weight (542.4 g), seed 2D (two dimension) area (351.2 mm2), seed length (27.9 mm), seed breadth (17.4 mm), 100-seed weight (217.9 g) and plant height (164.3 cm). The traits, 100-pod
weight and 100-seed weight had a high heritability (98.4%, 96.9%) accompanied with high genetic advance (46.0%, 34.9%). There
is a positive significant correlation between 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight traits at both genotypic and phenotypic levels
with plant height, collar diameter and volume index at 30 MAS (months after sowing). Volume index expressed a moderate heritability
(47.4%) accompanied with high genetic advance (48.4%), indicating that the character is governed by additive gene effects.
In divergence study, 24 accessions were grouped into 6 clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical euclidian cluster analysis.
The genotypes in cluster IV (CPT-5, CPT-6, CPT-7, CPT-12, CPT-16, CPT-18, CPT-22) and cluster III (CPT-4, CPT-8, CPT-9, CPT-20,
CPT-21) were most heterogeneous and can be best used within group hybridization. The wide diversity exists between the cluster
V and II, followed by cluster II and I and crosses between CPTs of these clusters may result in substantial segregates. It
is revealed that the existence of substantial variation and diversity can be utilized for genetic resource conservation and
further tree improvement programmers of the species. 相似文献
13.
Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia. Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared. Mean seed mass for each provenance was assessed for 1000 seeds in 10 replications, and seed length and width were measured for 100 seeds in four replications per provenance. Germination was assessed in a glasshouse taking 400 seeds from each provenance. Root collar diameter and height of 440 seedlings grown in a nursery for 290 days in Addis Ababa were measured. Seed length, seed width, seed mass, and shoot height and root collar diameter of seedlings showed significant differences (P < 0.001) among provenances. Correlation analysis between seed and seedling traits and environmental variables revealed significant positive correlations between seed width and germination percentage, seed width and altitude, seed width and longitude and seed length and latitude. Negative correlations were obtained between seed width and temperature, seed width and rainfall, seed mass and temperature, and germination and temperature of the seed source. As expected, differences in seed trait did not explain the variability in seedling vigour. Determining quantitative variations in seed traits and seedling vigour among provenances and the patterns along environmental gradients are essential for informing decisions on the tree improvement programme of the species. 相似文献
14.
Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Baker is a potential agroforestry species endemic to Ethiopia. No documented information exists about genetic variation
in this species, thus baseline information is needed to initiate improvement program. Here, we quantified variations in seed
size, germination and seedling growth at nursery stage based on seeds collected from six sites across the natural range of
distribution of the species in Ethiopia. All seed- and seedling-related traits exhibited highly significant differences among
seed sources (P < 0.01), and the magnitude of genetic variation was substantially higher (77–99%) than the environmental variation. The genetic
advance as percent of the mean was higher for germination capacity (69.4%) and seed weight (31.7%) than for other traits,
suggesting that the population means for these traits may be changed considerably by selecting the superior 5% of the genotypes.
There were strong phenotypic (rp = 0.81) and genotypic (rg = 0.89) correlations between seed width and seed weight, so also between seedling height and root collar diameter (rp = 0.95 and rg = 1.00). In conclusion, the results reveal the existence of substantial genetic variation, which can be utilized to initiate
tree improvement program of the species and for gene conservation in seed banks.
In memory of the late Abraham Loha, who passed away during the writing process. 相似文献
15.
为了揭示香合欢自然居群表型变异程度和规律,本研究采用方差分析、多重比较、相关性分析等方法,对百色地区6个居群香合欢种子的5个表型性状进行比较研究,讨论居群间和居群内的表型多样性。结果表明:香合欢种子的5个性状在居群内和局群间均存在丰富的变异,平均变异系数在10.68%~49.30%之间,各性状在居群间、居群内个体间均达极显著差异;各性状平均表型分化系数为47.36%,居群间(31.67%)变异略大于居群内(28.67%)变异,说明二者均是香合欢的主要变异来源。种子性状均与海拔呈正相关,与年均降水量呈负相关,但未达到显著水平。研究结果可为香合欢良种选育工作奠定基础,对进一步保护和利用香合欢种质资源具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
16.
In this study, we assessed the variability in pod, seed traits and oil content of 24 accessions of Pongamia pinnata collected from different parts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The experiment was conducted at the Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair during 2010 to 2011. The variability studies for pod and seed traits revealed that, the accession CPT-6 collected from New Wandoor in South Andaman recorded the maximum values for eight traits viz. pod length （75.51 mm）, pod width （34.62 mm）, pod thickness （17.55 mm）, 100 pod weight （770.33 g）, seed width （21.23 mm）, 100 seed weight （377.00 g）, oil percentage （43.92%） and germination percentage （94.7%）. However, the maximum seed length （26.46 mm） was recorded from CPT 2 and the maximum pod-seed ratio was obtained from CPT 13 and CPT 4 （2.50 and 2.44 respectively）. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were also close to each other for all traits, but the 100 pod and seed weight exhibited higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation than the other traits. Estimates of broad sense heritability ranged from 0.30 （for seed length） to 0.95 （pod length） and genetic ad- vance as percent of the mean ranged between 11.66% and 57.40% with seed length giving the lowest value and 100 pod weight giving the high- est value. Both the phenotypic and genotypic correlation between pod length, pod width, pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width and 100 seed weight and between pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width, 100 seed weight and germination percentage were found to be strong. On the basis of non hierarchical Euclidian cluster analysis, 24 accessions were grouped into six clusters. The maximum numbers of seven accessions were included in cluster VI. The maximum intra cluster distance （10.238）shown by cluster VI and the maximum inter cluster distance （17.021） between V and HI followed by III and II （15.942）. Among the six clus- ters formed the cluster III recorded maximum oil percentage, 100 pod weight, 100 seed ,weight, pod length, pod thickness, pod width, seed width and. germination percentage, while cluster V recorded maximum pod seed ratio and germination percentage. The present findings suggest that the crossing between accessions of cluster V and cluster III will result in a wide spectrum of variability in subsequent generations. 相似文献
17.
在2005年底,对福建建瓯、浙江淳安和庆元的3年生37个产地的木荷种源试验林进行了全面调查,系统研究了幼林生长和分枝性状的种源差异、种源与环境互作及地理变异模式.结果表明:木荷树高、当年抽梢长度、地径、冠幅及侧枝总数、侧枝长和侧枝粗等分枝性状都存在显著的种源效应,木荷地理种源分化明显.造林区立地生境和造林地立地条件对木荷种源生长影响显著,如福建建瓯点3年生种源平均树高较北缘区浙江淳安点和高海拔山地浙江庆元点分别提高了24.1%和18.0%.木荷树高、当年抽梢长度、冠幅、侧枝总数等存在显著的种源×地点和种源×重复/地点互作,不同种源在各区试点上的生长相对表现差异显著.相关分析表明,木荷生长和分枝性状的地理变异模式因区试点环境条件差异而迥异.在中心分布区的福建建瓯点,种源生长和分枝性状与产地纬度相关性显著,呈典型的纬向地理变异模式,速生种源主要来源于分布区的中南部;在北缘区的浙江淳安点,种源高径生长与产地经纬度相关性较小,仅发现侧枝总数和树冠浓密度与产地纬度呈一定程度的负相关,速生种源主要来源于分布区的中部;而在较高海拔区的浙江庆元点,由于环境相对恶劣,木荷种源生长和分枝性状与产地纬度呈显著的正相关,偏北部种源的早期生长表现较好.基于种源幼林测定结果,分别从中心分布区和北缘区初选了一批速生用材和生物防火优良种源. 相似文献
18.
君迁子天然群体表型变异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以君迁子（Diospyros lotus）的13个天然群体为研究对象,对其果实纵径、果实横径、叶片纵径、叶片横径、种子长、种子宽、种子千粒重、2年生苗高、地径等9个表型性状的变异进行研究。结果表明：君迁子性状在不同群体间的果实、叶片和种子等表型均存在变异。果实分为长椭圆形和扁椭圆形2种。叶片的表型性状在种群间和种群内都存在变异,变异系数都超过了10%。群体间种子大小差异明显,群体间种子千粒重变化很大,桑植群体的千粒重为济源群体的4.25倍;群体内比较一致,个体间种子千粒重变异系数有9个群体小于3%,12个群体小于4%。2年生苗高、地径在群体间存在显著差异,其中卢氏群体的生长表现最好,苗高为94.70 cm,地径为16.7 mm;分宜群体生长表现最差,苗高为13.05 cm,地径为2.9 mm。多数表型性状与地理因子纬度、经度成正相关,与海拔成负相关。聚类分析显示,11个君迁子群体可分为4类,群体间的分类并没有依据地理距离的远近而聚类,说明君迁子群体间表型性状变异的不连续性。 相似文献
19.
[目的]通过对川西地区毛叶木姜子的表型性状调查,研究其表型变异程度和变异规律,探讨毛叶木姜子的表型特征,为川西地区毛叶木姜子种质资源的保存和利用、良种选育提供科学依据。[方法]在川西地区随机选取具有代表性的56株毛叶木姜子实生单株,对果实、叶片、种子等13个表型性状进行系统比较分析,采用变异系数、方差分析、相关分析、主成分分析等方法,探讨川西地区毛叶木姜子表型多样性。[结果](1)从变异系数和方差分析结果来看,试验区内毛叶木姜子表型性状间存在丰富的变异,且变异幅度大。其中,果实百粒质量的变异系数最大,为15.93%;果形指数的变异系数最小,为2.31%。(2)在相关分析中,各性状间不同程度地存在着极显著或显著的差异。(3)主成分分析显示,果实纵径、果实横径、果实百粒质量、种子纵径、种子横径、种子百粒质量是影响毛叶木姜子表型多样性的主导因子。[结论]毛叶木姜子表型性状变异丰富、变异程度各不相同;表型性状间具有协调发育的特点;果实纵径等6个性状是影响其表型多样性的主导因子。 相似文献
20.
Variability in seed traits and genetic divergence in a clonal seed orchard of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.
The variations in seed and pod traits, genetic superiority and genetic divergence were evaluated for a Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. at Bithmera, India consisting of 20 clones from different agro-climatic conditions of four northern states (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana and Rajasthan). The seeds and pods of various clones in the orchard exhibited significant variability in size, weight and other characters. Significant positive correlations were observed between seed length and seed width (p<0.05), seed length and seed thickness (p<0.01), seed length and seed weight (p<0.01), seed thickness and seed weight (p<0.01), seed length and germination value (p<0.05). The genetic parameters for seed and pod traits also showed a wide range of variations in the orchard. Heritability values were found to be over 50 percent for most of the seed and pod traits. Seed weight, seed length and seed thickness showed high heritability values coupled with maximum genetic gain for these characters. Ward’s minimum variance dendrogram of clones of D. sissoo showed three distinct clusters; cluster 1 was the largest with 12 better clones whereas cluster 2 and 3 consisting of seven moderate clones and one poor clone, respectively. Mean cluster values showed sufficient variation among the clusters for seed weight, germination value and seed length. The possible hybridization between best clones of cluster 1 to the disease resistant clone of cluster 2 (resistant against deadly Gandoderma lucidum root rot disease of D. sissoo) is also suggested for further breeding programmes of the species. The deployment of clone 194 (better performed and disease resistant) is also recommended in future plantation programmes of D. sissoo in northern India. 相似文献