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通过对祁连山水源涵养林区的苔藓-青海云杉林、亚高山灌丛、灌木-青海云杉林、中低山灌木林和祁连圆柏以及牧草地等6种植被土壤水分物理性质的测定与计算,比较分析了不同植被的水源涵养能力,建立了主要土壤类型的入渗模型、土壤水分消退方程,评价了不同植被土壤层水文特征及其与植被间的关系.祁连山区主要森林的平均土壤密度均小于1 g·cm-3,土壤的蓄水能力很强但各植被间差异较大.各种森林植被土壤均表现出较高的入渗性能,土壤初渗率、稳渗率及蓄水能力从大到小的次序均为:苔藓-青海云杉林、亚高山灌丛、灌木-青海云杉林、中低山灌木林、祁连圆柏林和牧草地.在相同的环境条件下,森林土壤(山地灰褐土)的保水能力较高,水势消退曲线呈凸形,而牧草地土壤(山地栗钙土)的保水能力相对较弱,水势消退曲线呈凹形.土壤含水量相同时,后者所持水分的有效性更大. 相似文献
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《林业科学研究》2021,34(4)
[目的 ]研究喀斯特白云岩区典型植被类型土壤水分的空间变化及分布规律,为石漠化地区植被快速恢复和生态重建提供科学依据。[方法 ]以贵州省普定县喀斯特白云岩草地、灌丛、人工林和天然次生林4种不同植被类型土壤为研究对象,于2019年11月利用网格法分0～10 cm和10～20 cm土层进行土壤取样并分析,利用经典统计学和地统计学方法分析土壤水分含量及其空间变异特征。[结果 ](1)除草地和人工林之间差异不显著外,不同植被类型间土壤水分含量呈极显著差异(p 0.01),土壤水分含量从高到低依次为:天然次生林草地人工林灌丛,最大值(40.22%)是最小值(18.59%)的2.16倍,变异系数为5.34%～29.42%。(2)草地和灌丛浅层土壤水分半变异函数的最优模型为高斯模型,深层土壤为指数模型,人工林和天然次生林均为指数模型,草地变程最小(4.24 m),而人工林变程最大(16.48 m),灌丛基台值最大(14.42),天然次生林块金值最大(1.27)。(3)土壤水分含量最高值均发生于样地内上半部,深层土壤水分含量高于浅层土壤,且同种植被类型在0～20 cm土层有相似的空间分布格局。(4)土壤水分含量与土壤总孔隙度成正相关,与土壤密度成负相关,植被类型也在一定程度上影响土壤水分含量,但并非随植被的正向演替而增加。[结论 ]不同植被类型土壤水分空间结构明显,有强烈的空间自相关性,4种植被类型中天然次生林土壤水分含量最高,草地土壤水分连续性最差,人工林土壤水分连续性最好,同种植被类型在0～20 cm土层水分分布相似。在相同气象条件下,植被类型、坡位、土壤密度和孔隙度可能是影响土壤水分含量分布的重要因子。 相似文献
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《林业实用技术》2017,(4)
为了解不同植被恢复模式对土壤纤毛虫群落特征的影响,于2011年10月至2012年9月用"活体观察法"和"三级十倍环式稀释法"对定西市巉口林业试验场3种不同植被恢复模式(云杉林、杨树林、混交林)和不同恢复阶段的土壤纤毛虫群落进行了研究。共鉴定到141种纤毛虫,隶属于3纲10目37科50属。结果表明,不同植被恢复模式样点的土壤纤毛虫群落特征存在明显差异,混交林群落最优,而杨树林最差,纤毛虫物种数、丰度、物种多样性及群落组成的复杂性都表现为混交林云杉林杨树林。随着植被恢复时间的延长,云杉林和混交林纤毛虫群落结构趋于复杂化,物种数、丰度和物种多样性均呈现出明显的上升趋势,而杨树林相反。结果显示,混交林恢复模式大大改善了该区土壤环境质量,使得纤毛虫群落结构不断优化,更有利于该区生态环境的恢复重建。 相似文献
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通过对土壤水分特征曲线和物理性质的测定,分析了宁夏六盘山北侧5种典型植被类型土壤的持水性能和供水性能.结果表明:用Gardner等在1970年提出的幂函数方程可以较好地反映土壤含水量与土壤水吸力之间的数量关系;不同植被类型土壤各层的土壤密度的大小排序为弃耕地>山桃人工林>天然长芒草>华北落叶松人工林>天然沙棘林,总孔隙度恰恰相反;在土壤水的中吸力阶段(0.1～1.5 MPa),华北落叶松人工林地、天然长芒草地、天然沙棘林地、山桃人工林地和弃耕地土壤各层的含水量分别为169.7～239.3、160.3～236.1、140.9～224.5、119.9～198.1、113.5～176.4 g·kg-1,说明各种植被类型土壤的持水性能依次减弱;不同植被类型土壤的供水性能随着土壤吸力的增加而呈递减趋势,说明通过植树种草可改善土壤结构、降低土壤密度和增加土壤总孔隙度等物理性质而对其持水性能和供水性能产生积极作用. 相似文献
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以宁夏盐池沙区退化沙地为研究对象,探讨其在营造人工柠条灌木林后,对土壤水分运动参数的影响,研究结果显示:退化沙地营造人工柠条林后,0～40 cm土层的土壤水分扩散率呈现增加的趋势;0～40 cm土层的土壤基质势明显低于对照天然草地;0～40 cm土层的土壤比水容量随造林密度的增加测定值降低;0～40 cm土层的土壤比水容量林地明显低于对照天然恢复草地;人工柠条林土壤非饱和导水率显著低于对照天然草地,其大小排序为天然草地>2 490丛.hm-2柠条林>1 665丛.hm-2柠条林>3 330丛.hm-2柠条林。 相似文献
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准格尔旗黄土丘陵区人工林水文生态效益评价研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
就黄土丘陵区主要植被类型人工油松成熟林、人工油松中龄林、人工油松幼龄林、人工沙棘林、人工柠条林、天然草坡的枯落物容水特征和林地土壤水分物理性质进行了测定,并以坡耕地作对照。结果表明：人工油松成熟林的枯落物吸水量为22．6t／hm2,是中龄林和幼龄林的5～9倍,是灌木林的2．4～3倍,是天然草地的10倍多。0～40cm土层土壤最大持水能力油松成林、油松幼林、浦松中龄林、人工沙棘林、人工柠条林、天然草地、农耕地依次为2260．05、1935．6、1935．6、1820．1、1597．65、1666．05、1600．2t／hm2;油松成林、油松幼林、油松中龄林、人工沙棘林、天然草地0—40cm土层土壤最大持水能力分别比对照农耕地提高659．85、335．4、335．4、219．9、65．85t／hm2。在土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、毛管最大持水量、土壤最大持水能力等水土保持及水源涵养功能指标诸方面,人工油松林均优于灌木林和天然草地。 相似文献
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章古台地区樟子松人工林土壤水分物理性质的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以章古台地区樟子松人工林地土壤为研究对象,依照不同立地、不同林龄、不同林型和不同林分密度研究了樟子松人工林改良土壤水分物理性质状况和林地土壤含水率。结果表明:不同林龄林地土壤含水率有明显区别:0～20年生林分土壤含水率较高,至27年生林分林地土壤含水率为最低,27年生以后林分土壤含水率有所回升。甸子地樟子松固沙林改善土壤水分物理性质优于坨子地樟子松固沙林。不同林龄间土壤水分物理性质区别不明显,但较裸沙地要好。从改良土壤水分物理性质效果来看:樟杨混交是较好造林类型,600～800株/hm2是章古台樟子松固沙林适宜的林分密度。 相似文献
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人工配制不同湿度的土壤,在塑料棚内进行侧柏、白榆、山杏裸根苗栽植试验,结果表明当土壤含水率为8%～18.9%时3个树种的栽植成活率、新梢生长量均与土壤含水率呈正相关关系。从3个树种苗期对土壤水分的反应看,侧柏苗木抗旱能力最强,白榆最弱,山杏居中。3个树种植苗造林所需的最低土壤含水量为侧柏14.2%、山杏15.1%、白榆17.2%。 相似文献
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Carbon storage in biomass,litter, and soil of different plantations in a semiarid temperate region of northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
? Context
A large area of abandoned land in the semiarid temperate region of China has been converted into plantations over the past decades. However, little information is available about the ecosystem C storage in different plantations.? Aim and methods
Our objective was to estimate the C storage in biomass, litter, and soil of four different plantations (monospecific stands of Larix gmelinii, Pinus tabuliformis, Picea crassifolia, and Populus simonii). Tree component biomass was estimated using allometric equations. The biomasses of understory vegetation and litter were determined by harvesting all the components. C fractions of plant, litter, and soil were measured.? Results
The ecosystem C storage were as follows: Picea crassifolia (469 t C/ha)?>?Larix gmelinii (375 t C/ha), Populus simonii (330 t C/ha)?>?Pinus tabuliformis (281 t C/ha) (P?<?0.05), 59.5–91.1 % of which was in the soil. The highest tree and understory C storage were found in the plantation of Pinus tabuliformis (247 t/ha) and Larix gmelinii (1.2 t/ha) respectively. The difference in tree C fraction was significant among tree components (P?<?0.05), following the order: leaf?>?branch?>?trunk?>?root. The highest soil C (SC) was stored in Picea crassifolia plantation (411 t C/ha), while Populus simonii plantation had a higher SC sequestration rate than others.? Conclusion
C storage and distribution varied among different plantation ecosystems. Coniferous forests had a higher live biomass and litter C storage. Broadleaf forests had considerable SC sequestration potential after 40 years establishment. 相似文献12.
利用EM50土壤水分监测仪,在样地尺度上,测定了祁连山青海云杉天然林、无间伐和间伐强度为20%的人工林地生长季节的土壤水分,对比分析间伐对人工林土壤水分的影响。结果表明:未间伐人工林林地表层(10 cm)土壤含水量显著高于间伐强度为20%的人工林和天然林,间伐导致了人工林林地表层土壤水分下降;而对于深层土壤含水量而言,间伐措施又显著提高了深层60 cm处的土壤含水量。与天然林地土壤含水量相比,无间伐人工林深层60 cm和80 cm处的土壤体积含水量仅为天然林的49.7%和52.1%,深层土壤已经出现旱化现象,间伐措施能够减缓这种旱化现象。 相似文献
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[目的]以北方干旱区常用的3种松科植物沙地赤松、樟子松和青海云杉为研究对象,分析其种子萌发特性及对干旱胁迫的响应。沙地赤松为辽宁省固沙研究所于2014年筛选审定的新品种,目前在辽宁省生长状况良好,尚未有过其抗旱能力的相关研究。青海共和是高寒沙区,将沙地赤松与青海省常见的两种松科植物青海云杉和樟子松进行对比,以期为沙地赤松在青海引种试种提供参考。[方法]采用不同浓度PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫的方法进行种子萌发试验,利用模糊隶属函数对干旱胁迫下3种松科植物的种子相对发芽率、相对胚根长、相对胚芽长、萌发胁迫指数、萌发抗旱指数和萌发活力指数等6项指标进行综合评价。[结果]低浓度的PEG-6000溶液对3种松科植物种子萌发和胚根生长发育均有促进作用;随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,3种松科植物的发芽率、幼苗鲜质量、活力指数、萌发胁迫指数、萌发抗旱指数均呈先上升后下降的趋势;种子萌发期耐水分胁迫能力为沙地赤松樟子松青海云杉。[结论]沙地赤松比樟子松和青海云杉的抗旱性强,适宜在青海引种试种。 相似文献
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通过调查不同树种新造林树高生长量、保存率及其土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量等,研究其生长、适应性及对土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明：光皮桦、桤木、楸树、栾树、湿地松5年生树高分别为7．4、6．5、6．3、4．8、4．2m,保存率分别为92％、65％、82％、78％、90％;不同树种造林后对土壤微生物数量的提高有明显差异,5个树种造林后林分土壤微生物数量提高的效果排序为桤木〉光皮桦〉栾木〉楸树〉湿地松;新造林均表现为造林当年土壤微生物数量明显下降,一般下降35％～40％,第2年底回升并超过造林前水平,第3-5年逐年增加。 相似文献
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Lei Hu Zeyu Xiang Genxu Wang Rashad Rafique Wei Liu 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2016,31(3):242-253
The effects of the interaction between tree species composition and altitude on soil microbial properties are poorly understood. In this study, soil samples (0–20?cm) were collected in August 2011 from Betula platyphylla and Picea crassifolia forests along two different altitudinal gradients. Soil microbial activity and biomass were measured using Biolog-ECO plates and phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Both of the forest soils were characterized by a significantly lower soil pH (p?p?相似文献
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XIA Jiangbao ZHANG Guangcan ZHANG Shuyong WANG Guixia HAN Wei .Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an P. R. China .Water Conservancy Bureau of Binzhou Binzhou P. R. China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2005,4(4):68-76
INTRODUCTION Soil is an important part in forest ecological system, which has positive significance for forest eco- environment effect. Soil moisture is an important factor in watershed water balance and hydrological cycle, which is one of the most active and influential factors in ecological system. With the appearance of SPAC (soil-plant-atmosphere continuum) conception, some basic conceptions and contents about soil moisture had been researched thoroughly (Li Hongjian, et al, 2003; W… 相似文献
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为筛选适宜鄂北岗地的造林树种,提高造林成效,采用样地调查方法对2018年鄂北岗地“精准灭荒”工程造林项目进行了调查,比较各树种造林成活率、保存率及造林第二年生长情况,结合主成分分析并聚类,综合评价各树种的造林效果。结果表明,11个造林树种间的造林成活率、保存率、盖度、新梢生长量及中心干枯死率均存在极显著差异,其中,油茶造林成活率、保存率最高（96.7%±2.0%、94.9%±2.7%）,湿地松盖度最大（0.097±0.011）,刺槐一年生梢最长（39.8 cm）,油茶、湿地松、柏木中心干枯死率低;造林指标的综合评价值（D值）由高到低排序,依次为油茶、湿地松、女贞、柏木、刺槐、栾树、桂花、重阳木、银杏、樟树、槲栎。通过聚类分析将11个造林树种分为4 个类群,最适宜的树种为油茶、湿地松和女贞,比较适宜的树种为柏木和刺槐,适宜性差的树种为栾树、桂花、重阳木、银杏、樟树,不适宜树种为槲栎。油茶、湿地松、女贞、柏木、刺槐综合表现较优,可作为鄂北岗地造林的首选树种。 相似文献
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Selective logging is the most widely employed method of commercial timber production in Asia, and its impact on forest structure, composition, and regeneration dynamics is considerable. However, the successional processes in forest communities after logging in semiarid mountains are poorly understood. To provide more information on these processes, we used data from tree rings, direct and indirect age determinations, and field measurements of stand structure to reconstruct the historical disturbance regime, stand development patterns, and successional processes in a natural Picea crassifolia forest community in the Qilian Mountains of northwestern China. The results showed that the density of P. crassifolia forest increased significantly after logging. The densities of second growth forests 30 and 70 years after logging disturbance had increased to 2874% and 294% of primary forest's density, respectively. Logging disturbance did not alter tree species composition of logged stands. However, the diversity of understory species changed significantly among the successional phases. Logging disturbance decreased the spatial heterogeneity of second growth forest. The spatial distributions of recruitment were affected by the location of the remaining trees. There was less recruitment near the remaining trees than near forest that had been cut. In addition, logging disturbance also induced a growth release for the trees on the sites sampled. Our results imply that the succession and regeneration of P. crassifolia forest may be improved if the remaining trees could be retained relative uniform distribution pattern, thinning or selective logging could be performed to height density, exotic shrubs could be removed or the shrubs cover could be reduced during the earlier successional stages. 相似文献
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在黑龙江省西部选择典型低山丘陵区,根据其立地类型试验构建了樟子松纯林、樟子松蒙古沙棘林、蒙古沙棘林、云杉落叶松林、小黑杨林、灌木柳林等6种水土保持林示范模式,并对其生长状况及水土保持效益进行了试验观测。结果表明:各类试验林总体成活率为87%,保存率为82%,模式区内林木覆盖度已达70%,开始发挥效益:试验前原来的19条水流沟中15条发展沟已变为稳定沟,模式建立成型后较对照减少地表径流量39.7%～95.9%,减少土壤流失量63.7%～99.5%,减少肥料流失量63.9%～99.5%;与造林前土壤养分含量相比,模式区有机质含量提高46%～59%,有机氮提高24%～52.2%,有效磷提高48.6%～60.7%;试验区内物种多样性较试验造林前明显增加。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(4):331-341
Artificial regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) has been applied to a variety of forest site in Lapland. Occasional failures in regeneration have been observed on sites with high soil moisture contents and originally dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst). Understorey vegetation was studied on four naturally pine-dominated and eight spruce-dominated sites to determine suitable indicator plants for assessing soil moisture regimes. Soil moisture contents were estimated using the in situ dielectric measurements with radar surface arrival detection targeted to a depth of 0-50 cm. The abundance and frequence of plant species were analysed using logistic regression. The most reliable indicators were found to be Stereocaulon and Cladonia lichens for the dry regime (θv<25%), and Polytrichum commune Hedw. and Carex globularis L. for the wet regime (θv>25%). It was concluded that the indicator plants found in this study provide an alternative to the traditional Finnish forest site type approach in recognizing high soil moisture regimes. 相似文献