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1.
Responses of the endemic leguminous shrub Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla, to various soil water supply regimes were studied in order to assess water stress tolerance of seedlings. Two-month-old
seedlings were grown under water supply regimes of 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% water field capacity (FC), respectively, in a
temperature and light-controlled greenhouse. Plant height and leaf number were measured monthly over a 4-month period, while
water use (WU), water-use efficiency (WUE), leaf relative water content (RWC), biomass production and its partitioning were
recorded at the end of the experiment. Seedlings exhibited the greatest biomass production, height, basal diameter, branch
number, leaf number, and leaf area when soil content was at 100% FC, and slightly declined at 80% FC. These parameters declined
significantly under 60% FC water supply, and severely reduced under 40 and 20% FC. RWC, WU and WUE decreased, while the ratio
of root mass to stem mass (R:S) increased in response to decreasing water supply. Water stress caused leaf shedding, but not
plant death. The results demonstrated that B. faberi var. microphylla seedlings could tolerate drought by reducing branching and leaf area while maintaining a high R:S ratio. However, low dry
mass and WUE at 40 and 20% FC suggested that the seedlings did not produce significant biomass under prolonged severe water
deficit. Therefore, before introducing B. faberi var. microphylla in vegetation restoration efforts, water supply above 40% FC is recommended for seedlings to maintain growth. 相似文献
2.
Bilas Singh 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(6):480-495
We assessed interactive effects of varying levels of applied phosphorus fertilizer and water stress on growth, productivity, and mineral accumulation in container-grown Dalbergia sissoo L. seedlings. Height, collar diameter, leaf size and area, root volume and total biomass were reduced, and dry matter allocation to root was increased with increasing levels of soil water stress. The reduction was >32% in growth, >50% in leaf, and >77% in biomass when seedlings were grown with <50% of soil field capacity. Phosphorus application at the level of 10 mg kg?1 soil enhanced stems and leaf biomass and nutrient accumulation at all irrigation levels, and thus tolerance to drought. Phosphorus responses to growth and biomass production increased with irrigation levels. Thus, 20 mg P kg?1 soil is beneficial at sufficient soil water availability and a lower dose (i.e., 10 mg P kg?1) is recommended under high soil water stress conditions to benefit growth and productivity of D. sissoo. 相似文献
3.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(4):322-328
Abstract Actual climate models for central Europe predict prolonged summer droughts. Knowledge on how the interaction between light and water availability affects regeneration will hence be of major importance. In an experiment carried out under controlled conditions, newly emerged beech seedlings were grown in pots with sand during 54 days. Three treatments applying three different light levels (2, 9 and 43% relative light intensity) were combined with two soil water treatments (control and drought). At the end of the experiment, seedlings were separated into leaves, stem and root and the seedlings’ dry mass, leaf area and stem length was determined. Low irradiance (2%) had a strong negative effect on dry weights of seedling components, leaf area and specific leaf mass. Drought clearly affected biomass partitioning for seedlings at high irradiance levels (43%). An interaction between irradiance and drought on biomass partitioning in beech seedlings was observed at medium irradiance level (9%). Within a wide range of light levels in the forests, both light and drought may affect biomass partitioning in young seedlings. 相似文献
4.
Hippophae rhamnoides (Sea buckthorn) and Caragana intermedia (Intermediate peashrub), which are nitrogen-fixing and perennial temperate shrubs, are extensively used in the agroforestry
systems in the loess areas of China. In this study, artificially controlled water gradient experiments were carried out with
both shrubs, based on four levels of water supply (normal precipitation, slight drought, drought, and extreme drought). The
results showed significant impacts of drought on net photosynthesis rate, biomass accumulation, and biomass allocation in
both species. Water use efficiency (WUE) varied with different species, scales, and water stress intensities. WUE at the leaf
scale (WUEi) was highest under moderate water stress, while the WUE at the community scale (WUEb) decreased with increasing
water stress. We observed alteration in the diel and seasonal transpiration of both species in response to water stress. The
night-time transpiration accounted for a small but significant proportion of the water balance, and its importance tended
to increase with increasing drought. Both species experienced water deficits under all treatments. Soil moisture of H. rhamnoides declined more severely than that of C. intermedia. The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) ranged from 50 to 80% for both species in the growing season. The T/ET and WUEi of H. rhamnoides were comparatively smaller under severe water stress but increased under moist conditions. Our data suggest that H. rhamnoides uses water resources more efficiently under favorable water conditions, and C. intermedia shows competitive advantages under drought conditions. Moreover, possible strategies to maintain water balance in the water-limited
agroforestry systems are discussed. 相似文献
5.
D. S. Thomas 《New Forests》2009,38(3):245-259
Forestry requires low mortality of transplanted seedlings. Mortality shortly after planting is often associated with inadequate
hydration of transplants. Seedlings can be hardened to the drought conditions they may experience after transplanting by exposing
them to controlled drought conditions in the nursery. Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. seedlings were drought hardened by providing nil (severe treatment) or half (mild treatment) the daily irrigation routinely
received (control treatment) for up to two non-consecutive days per week during the last 4 weeks of growth in the nursery.
Drought hardening reduced stem diameter, seedling leaf area, leaf area per root biomass and seedling quality measured by the
Dickson quality index, but increased root:shoot ratio. Hardened seedlings had lower stomatal conductance and leaf water potential
on the days they received less irrigation that the control treatment. Hardened seedlings had greater stomatal conductance
and were less water stressed than seedlings experiencing drought for the first time indicating hardened seedlings had adjusted
physiologically to drought. Survival after transplanting in the controlled drought environment in a glasshouse was enhanced
by the hardening treatments. Non hardened seedlings that had had their upper leaves manually removed immediately prior to
transplanting to reduce leaf area (top-clipped) had similar survival to hardened seedlings. Stomatal conductance and leaf
water potential after transplanting were higher in hardened and top-clipped seedlings than unhardened control seedlings or
vegetative cuttings. Survival in the field trial was over 95% for all treatments, possibly as rain fell within 4 days of planting
and follow-up rain occurred in the subsequent weeks. Neither the hardened or top-clipped seedlings planted in the field trial
had reduced growth, increased propensity to form double leaders or worse stem form than control seedlings when measured at
age 3 years. 相似文献
6.
WANGQing-cheng SUNZhi-hu ZHANGYan-dong 《林业研究》2003,14(4):280-284
One-year-old seedlings of Amur maple (Acer ginnala Maxim), Ussurian pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim) and David peach (Prunus davidiana Carr) were planted in pots in greenhouse and treated with four different soil moisture contents (75.0%,61.1%, 46.4% and 35.4%). The results showed that net photosynthesis rate (NPR), transpiration rate (TR) and stomatal conductance (Sc) of seedlings of the three species decreased with the decease of soil moisture content, and Amur maple seedlings had the greatest change in those physiological indices, followed by Ussurian pear, David peach. Amur maple and Ussurian pear seedlings also presented a decrease tendency in water use efficiency (WUE) under lower soil moisture content, whereas this was reversed for David peach. Under water stress the biomass allocation to seedling root had a significant increase for all the experimental species. As to root/shoot ratio, Amur maple seedlings had the biggest increase, while David peach had the smaliest increase. The leaf plasticity of Amur maple seedlings was greater, the leaf size and total leaf area decreased significantly as the stress was intensified. No significant change of leaf size and total leaf area was found in seedlings of Ussurian pear and David peach. It was concluded that Amur maple was more tolerant to soil moisture stress in comparison with David peach and Ussurian pear. 相似文献
7.
We studied the effects of three nitrogen (N) supply rates (low, intermediate and high) on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings and poplar clone "I-214" (Populus x euroamericana (Dole) Guinier) cuttings growing in mini-stands. Our specific objectives were to: (1) evaluate the effects of N supply on water-use efficiency (WUE) and biomass production; (2) determine if N affects WUE through control of carbon assimilation rates or through stomatal control of water loss; and (3) compare three methods of estimating WUE: one short-term method (WUE(i), based on gas exchange measurements) and two long-term methods (WUE(T), based on the ratio between biomass production and transpired water, and Delta, based on leaf carbon isotope discrimination tested as a proxy of WUE). In both species, biomass production, WUE(i) and WUE(T) increased with increasing N supply, but there was no effect of N supply on either transpiration or stomatal conductance and Delta was negatively related to leaf N concentration. Plots of Delta versus both WUE(i) and WUE(T) revealed negative trends, but the regression between WUE(i) and Delta was significant only for Douglas-fir, and the regression between WUE(T) and Delta was significant only for poplar. Thus, the mechanisms underlying the response of WUE to N supply were mainly related to a positive effect of N supply on photosynthetic rates. The data confirm that carbon isotope discrimination may be a useful proxy of WUE. The finding that N availability enhances both biomass production and WUE may have practical implications in regions where these factors impose constraints on forest productivity. 相似文献
8.
Effects of soil water availability on seedling growth, dry matter production and allocation were determined for Gympie (humid coastal) and Hungry Hills (dry inland) provenances of Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. and for E. argophloia Blakely (dry inland) species. Seven-month-old seedlings were subjected to well-watered (100% field capacity, FC), moderate (70% FC) and severe (50% FC) soil water regimes in a glasshouse environment for 14 wk. There were significant differences in seedling growth, biomass production and allocation patterns between species. E. argophloia produced twice as much biomass at 100% FC, and more than three times as much at 70% and 50% FC than did either E. cloeziana provenance. Although the humid provenance of E. cloeziana had a greater leaf area at 100% FC conditions than did the dry provenance, total biomass production did not differ significantly. Both E. cloeziana provenances were highly sensitive to water deficits. E. argophloia allocated 10% more biomass to roots than did E. cloeziana. Allometric analyses indicated that relative biomass allocation patterns were significantly affected by genotype but not by soil water availability. These results have implications for taxon selection for cultivation in humid and subhumid regions. 相似文献
9.
Sophora davidii is an important leguminous scrub that is widely used for revegetation in the semiarid Loess Plateau and other arid valley areas of China, where it usually suffers drought stress. This study investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus constrictum) and water stress on the growth and physiological performance of S. davidii seedlings under greenhouse pot conditions. Two soil water availability treatments (well-watered (WW) ?0.10 MPa; water-stressed (WS) ?0.86 MPa) were applied for 61 days. At the end of this experiment, G. mosseae and G. constrictum had colonized the roots of S. davidii seedlings. Water stress inhibited AM colonization, plant growth, chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of S. davidii seedlings. Mycorrhizal seedlings had greater shoot dry weight, root dry weight, plant height, root length, instantaneous water use efficiency (iWUE), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), lower intercellular CO2 concentration and photochemical quenching values (qP), when compared with non-mycorrhizal seedlings under both WW and WS conditions. Furthermore, G. constrictum was found to be more efficient at improving the shoot and root mass, plant height, iWUE, Pn, gs, qP, and ΦPSII of S. davidii seedlings, when compared with G. mosseae under both WW and WS conditions. Our results demonstrate that AM Glomus symbiosis enhanced S. davidii seedling resistance by improving its growth and physiological performance under water stress conditions. This suggests that Glomus inoculation is a potential tool for enhancing outplanting performance of S. davidii in semiarid areas of China. 相似文献
10.
Growth and water-use parameters of four willow (Salix spp.) clones grown in a moderate drought regime or with ample water supply were determined to characterize their water-use efficiency, drought resistance and capacity for drought acclimation. At the end of the 10-week, outdoor pot experiment, clonal differences were observed in: (1) water-use efficiency of aboveground biomass production (WUE); (2) resistance to xylem cavitation; and (3) stomatal conductance to leaf-specific, whole-plant hydraulic conductance ratio (g(st)/K(P); an indicator of water balance). Across clones and regimes, WUE was positively correlated with the assimilation rate to stomatal conductance ratio (A/g(st)), a measure of instantaneous water-use efficiency. Both of these water-use efficiency indicators were generally higher in drought-treated trees compared with well-watered trees. However, the between-treatment differences in (shoot-based) WUE were smaller than expected, considering the differences in A/g(st) for two of the clones, possibly because plants reallocated dry mass from shoots to roots when subject to drought. Higher root hydraulic conductance to shoot hydraulic conductance ratios (K(R)/K(S)) during drought supports this hypothesis. The same clones were also the most sensitive to xylem cavitation and, accordingly, showed the strongest reduction in g(st)/K(P) in response to drought. Drought acclimation was manifested in decreased g(st), g(st)/K(P), osmotic potential and leaf area to vessel internal cross-sectional area ratio, and increased K(R), K(P) and WUE. Increased resistance to stem xylem cavitation in response to drought was observed in only one clone. It is concluded that WUE and drought resistance traits are inter-linked and that both may be enhanced by selection and breeding. 相似文献
11.
干旱是主要的环境胁迫因子之一,严重影响植物的分布与生长发育。通过选取辽宁阜新章古台沙地1年生榆树幼苗为材料,采用盆栽控水方法,设置田间持水量80%、60%、40%和20%等4个水分处理梯度,研究干旱胁迫对榆树幼苗株高、基径及叶片、茎和根系生物量分配的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度增加,幼苗茎和根系的生物量逐渐降低;但轻度干旱胁迫增加了株高和基径的生长,提高了叶片生物量,以抵御干旱胁迫的影响。中度干旱胁迫下,增加了根系生物量分配的比例,从而更利于获取水分资源适应干旱环境;重度干旱胁迫下幼苗无法存活。在科尔沁沙地,栽植榆树幼苗保证存活生长的最低田间持水量为40%。 相似文献
12.
1998年7月,利用非称重式蒸渗池种植单一种源的一年生黄檀种苗,研究在印度沙漠地区培养黄檀种苗的合理灌水技术参数。当各处理（W1、W2、W3、W4）的土壤水分含量分别降低到7.56%、5.79%、4.44%和3.23%时,通过灌溉使苗木生长保持在一定的土壤的水分状况,如36.2mm（W1）、26.5mm（W2）、20.2mm（W3）和18.1mm（W4）。结果表明,在36.2mm（W1）水平时,种苗的株高、冠径、叶数和叶面积达到最大值（p〈0.01）。在W1和W2处理中,虽然上述参数没有明显差异,但在W2处理中,种苗的每升水分利用率的生物量最大。在W3、W4和W5灌溉水平下,不利于提高种苗的株高、生物量和营养积累。在W2水平以下（5.79%）,土壤水分有效率能提高根系生物量占总生物量的百分比。但在W3和W4处理中,叶干生物量百分比下降,同时在W5处理中,茎干生物量百分比下降。在W5处理中,土壤水势达到-196Mpa,种苗才可以成活。在W3和W4处理中,土壤水分有效率的限额影响黄檀种苗的生长和生物量。在W2处理中,土壤水分有效利用率最高,种苗的生长和生物量达到最高值。因此,在壤砂土条件下,通过灌溉维持幼苗土壤水分含量在5.79%以上时,可获得较好的黄檀种苗的生长和生物量产量。 相似文献
13.
To alleviate the combined effects of water and heat stress prevailing in drylands, the choice and introduction of appropriate plant species to these conditions is essential for the success of planting in rehabilitation projects. The argan tree (Argania spinosa) is a vigorous plant, admirably adapted to dry climates, with indisputable physiological and ecological characteristics that make of this tree an ideal plant to fight against erosion and desertification process, which seriously threaten arid lands. However, the geographical origin of seeds/seedlings represents a determining factor. In this context, we investigated the morphological responses of growth in two provenances of argan, the provenance of Tindouf ‘PT’ from Algeria and that of Agadir ‘PA’ from Morocco; under water stress conditions. The experiment attempts to evaluate the level of drought tolerance of these two provenances for selecting the planting material that copes and adapts better to hot arid lands. Argan seedlings of both provenances (PA and PT) were submitted to a water stress gradient (75, 40, 20, and 10% of field capacity), then morphological parameters (shoot height, number of leaves, number of spines, root collar diameter, length of taproot) were measured after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of growth. All variables of morphological growth varied significantly (P < 0.001) between water stress levels, seed geographical provenances and seedling growth ages. The overall of results concerning morphological parameters indicated that the increase of water stress induced in both argan provenances: a decrease in shoot height associated with an increase in length of taproot that resulted in the reduction of leaf numbers and radial growth but the increase the number of spines. The argan plantlets of Agadir have completely failed to tolerate water stress of 10% FC. Under water stress (40, 20, 10% FC), argan seedlings of Tindouf revealed higher growth results than those of Agadir. PT seedlings offset the water deficit by root elongation to ensure growth of the various components of the aerial part. PT seedlings were more resilient to drought stress as compared to those of PA. The highest growth results were obtained with 40% FC in PT seedlings, and with 75% FC among PA seedlings. It is recommended to use the PT seeds in planting projects under drought conditions, while PA seeds are more suitable under conditions of non-water deficit. 相似文献
14.
Production and biomass allocation patterns, the growth rates of aboveground biomass, and crown traits were examined in saplings
of the deciduous Quercus faginea and the evergreen Q. ilex to determine whether differences in these traits might account for the greater mortality during periods of drought undergone
by Q. faginea. Strong differences were observed in almost all the traits analyzed, which suggests that the two species use different strategies
to cope with the main limiting factors for woody seedling establishment in Mediterranean environments: excess light and low
water availability. In Q. faginea, sapling design seems to be oriented to maximize light capture and, hence, leaf productivity during the short life span of
the leaf biomass. Thus, the seedlings of Q. faginea showed crown traits that permit self-shading to be minimized: longer shoots with more spaced leaves that result in lower
leaf area index than in Q. ilex. In addition, the larger area per unit leaf biomass in Q. faginea leads to a larger interceptive leaf area per unit plant mass and to higher light capture. These characteristics imply higher
investments in woody tissues (SWR) that permit the plants to support a wide canopy and facilitate water transport to meet
the strong transpiratory demands of a canopy with such characteristics. By contrast, in Q. ilex, saplings are apparently designed to guarantee leaf survival against temperature extremes and photoinhibition through avoidance
of excessive radiation. 相似文献
15.
Kitao Mitsutoshi Agathokleous Evgenios Harayama Hisanori Kitaoka Satoshi Uemura Akira Yazaki Kenichi Tobita Hiroyuki 《European Journal of Forest Research》2022,141(4):699-712
Improving drought tolerance of container seedlings of Japanese larch is of high importance to afforestation. We hypothesized that adequate nitrogen (N) and limited water supply would increase the tolerance of container seedlings to water-deficit stress, circumventing photoinhibition, by means of (i) enhanced photosynthetic capacity with higher leaf N and (ii) decreased water loss from leaves with lower biomass allocation into aboveground parts. Container seedlings of Japanese larch were grown under the treatment combinations of adequate (+?N: 300 mg N container?1) or limited (??N: 150 mg N container?1) N and adequate (+?W: daily irrigation) or limited (??W: twice-a-week irrigation) water. Then, seedlings were subjected to a progressive drought treatment. Higher leaf N was observed in container seedlings grown under?+?N and???W. During progressive drought, lower stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate were observed in leaves with higher leaf N at a given predawn leaf water potential. Furthermore, the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was lower in leaves with higher leaf N, suggesting that higher leaf N might impair intrinsic tolerance to drought at the leaf level contrary to expectations. Conversely,???N and???W seedlings with lower shoot biomass delayed soil drying as a whole-plant response via a reduction in leaf transpiration, leading to delayed photoinhibition as indicated by a decline in Fv/Fm. To circumvent stress at the initial stage of water deficit, lower leaf N via limited N regime and smaller shoot biomass driven by limited N and water regimes would be important.
相似文献16.
A combination of forage species with different responses to drought can increase year-round productivity in seasonally dry silvopastoral systems 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In seasonally dry environments maintaining year-round production of silvopastoral systems can be challenging due to drought
effects on vegetation. Different tree species native to dry forests may show contrasting strategies to deal with drought,
which could impact silvopastoral productivity. We assessed the differential effect of drought on seedlings of five tree species
from a dry tropical forest with high forage potential. The species were subjected to three irrigation schemes (well-watered,
mild drought, severe drought) in order to evaluate the effect of water stress on 12 growth and morpho-physiological traits
involving above and below ground responses. The species comprised four species of the family Fabaceae (legumes) Albizia lebbeck, Leucaena leucocephala, Piscidia piscipula, and Lysiloma latisiliquum and one of the family Sterculiaceae, Guazuma ulmifolia. This one was the most productive species when well-watered, with the highest forage potential due to high leaf area, leaf
mass and fast growth rates. This species was also the most vulnerable to drought, reducing leaf area and other growth parameters
dramatically. In contrast, L. latisiliquum showed low leaf area and leaf mass, but was highly resistant to drought. An intermediate species was P. piscipula, which was the most productive of the legume species and exhibited adjustment mechanisms to drought which allowed reduced
leaf excision during the severe drought. We propose that combining species with contrasting mechanisms in response to drought
can promote year-round productivity in seasonally dry environments. 相似文献
17.
Spiraea pubescens, a common shrub in the warm-temperate deciduous forest zone which is distributed in the Dongling Mountain area of Beijing,
was exposed to ambient and enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–320 nm) radiation by artificially supplying a daily dose of 9.4
kJ/m2 for three growing seasons, a level that simulated a 17% depletion in stratospheric ozone. The objective of this study was
to explore the effects of long-term UV-B enhancement on stomatal conductance, leaf tissue δ
13C, leaf water content, and leaf area. Particular attention was paid to the effects of UV-B radiation on water use efficiency
(WUE) and leaf total nitrogen content. Enhanced UV-B radiation significantly reduced leaf area (50.1%) but increased leaf
total nitrogen content (102%). These changes were associated with a decrease in stomatal conductance (16.1%) and intercellular
CO2 concentration/ air CO2 concentration (C
i
/C
a) (4.0%), and an increase in leaf tissue δ
13C (20.5‰), leaf water content (3.1%), specific leaf weight (SLW) (5.2%) and WUE (4.1%). The effects of UV-B on the plant were
greatly affected by the water content of the deep soil (30–40 cm). During the dry season, differences in the stomatal conductance,
δ
13C, and WUE between the control and UV-B treated shrubs were very small; whereas, differences became much greater when soil
water stress disappeared. Furthermore, the effects of UV-B became much less significant as the treatment period progressed
over the three growing seasons. Correlation analysis showed that enhanced UV-B radiation decreased the strength of the correlation
between soil water content and leaf water content, δ
13C, C
i/C
a, stomatal conductance, with the exception of WUE that had a significant correlation coefficient with soil water content.
These results suggest that WUE would become more sensitive to soil water variation due to UV-B radiation. Based on this experiment,
it was found that enhanced UV-B radiation had much more significant effects on morphological traits and growth of S. pubescens than hydro-physiological characteristics.
__________
Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(1): 47–56 [译自: 植物生态学报] 相似文献
18.
G. Moser C. Leuschner D. Hertel D. Hölscher M. Köhler D. Leitner B. Michalzik E. Prihastanti S. Tjitrosemito L. Schwendenmann 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,79(2):171-187
In South-east Asia, ENSO-related droughts represent irregularly occurring hazards for agroforestry systems containing cocoa
which are predicted to increase in severity with expected climate warming. To characterize the drought response of mature
cocoa trees, we conducted the Sulawesi Throughfall Displacement Experiment in a shaded (Gliricidia sepium) cocoa agroforestry system in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Three large sub-canopy roofs were installed to reduce throughfall
by about 80% over a 13-month period to test the hypotheses that (i) cocoa trees are sensitive to drought due to their shallow
fine root system, and (ii) bean yield is more sensitive to drought than leaf or stem growth. As 83% of fine root (diameter
<2 mm) and 86% of coarse root biomass (>2 mm) was located in the upper 40 cm of the soil, the cocoa trees examined had a very
shallow root system. Cocoa and Gliricidia differed in their vertical rooting patterns, thereby reducing competition for water. Despite being exposed for several months
to soil water contents close to the conventional wilting point, cocoa trees showed no significant decreases in leaf biomass,
stem and branch wood production or fine root biomass. Possible causes are active osmotic adjustment in roots, mitigation of
drought stress by shading from Gliricidia or other factors. By contrast, production of cocoa beans was significantly reduced in the roof plots, supporting reports
of substantial reductions in bean yields during ENSO-related drought events in the region. We conclude that cocoa possesses
traits related to drought tolerance which enable it to maintain biomass production during extended dry periods, whereas bean
yield appears to be particularly drought sensitive. 相似文献
19.
Plant growth, biomass allocation, carbon isotope composition (δ13C), and water use efficiency (WUE) of 31 cultivars of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown under two water regimes were measured. Drought-stressed plants showed significant declines in tree height,
trunk diameter, biomass production, and total leaf area, the extent to which depended upon cultivar. Also, gas exchange rates,
instantaneous and long-term efficiencies (WUEI and WUEL, respectively), and values for δ13C differed among cultivars and watering regimes. Variations in WUEI were mainly due to changes in stomatal conductance (g
s) under drought condition. ‘Qinguan’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ had greater trunk diameter, tree height, and had higher biomass
production and WUEL under drought stress, implying that they are more suitable for arid and semi-arid regions. Moreover, WUEL was significantly and positively correlated with δ13C under two watering regimes, which suggests a potential for evaluating water use efficiency of Malus by measuring carbon isotope composition. 相似文献
20.
Cyclobalanopsis glauca is an important afforestation tree species that is widely used for revegetating the karst region of southwest China. Vegetation in this region is regularly commonly subjected to drought stress because of the geology and water shortages. Here, we investigated the influence of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices on the drought tolerance of C. glauca seedlings under greenhouse conditions. AMF-treated and non-AMF-treated C. glauca seedlings were maintained under two different water regimes (well watered: 80 % field capacity; drought stress: 40 % field capacity) for 90 days. The AMF colonization rate was higher under well-watered conditions compared to drought stress conditions. The growth and physiological performance of C. glauca seedlings were significantly affected by drought stress. Under drought stress conditions, mycorrhizal seedlings had greater height, base diameter, leaf area, and biomass compared to non-mycorrhizal seedlings. In addition, under drought conditions, AMF-inoculated seedlings had greater superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, higher soluble sugar content, and lower proline content compared to non-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, AMF colonization increased the phosphorus and potassium content of seedling shoots under both well-watered and drought stress conditions. Therefore, AMF colonization enhanced the drought tolerance of C. glauca seedlings by improving growth performance, nutrient content, the quantity of osmotic adjustment compounds, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results indicate that AMF are of potential use for the restoration of vegetation in the karst region of southwest China. 相似文献