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1.
Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against the chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juan Ma Shulong Chen Maurice Moens Richou Han Patrick De Clercq 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(3):551-561
Chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga Yang & Zhang (Diptera: Sciaridae), is the most serious pest of Chinese chive, Allium tuberosum. The present study aimed at determining the biocontrol potential of different indigenous entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) isolates for the management of chive gnat in China. The virulence of 145 EPN isolates belonging to 13 species against B. odoriphaga was evaluated in the laboratory, and then the most promising isolates (Steinernema ceratophorum HQA-87; S. hebeiense JY-82; S. feltiae JY-90, JY-17; S. litorale HXY-68; Heterorhabditis indica ZZ-68; H. bacteriophora NY-63, HQ-94; and H. megidis LFS-10) were selected for further experiments. The mortality of fourth instar B. odoriphaga was significantly affected by nematode isolates and concentrations of infective juveniles (IJ). Third and fourth instars of B. odoriphaga were generally more susceptible to the nematodes than first and second instars and pupae. Pot experiments showed no differences in B. odoriphaga population reduction at 50 and 75 IJ/cm2 of different isolates; the tested isolates caused a 78–94 % reduction of the chive gnat population at an application rate of 75 IJ/cm2. In a field experiment, S. feltiae JY-90 generated the strongest pest suppression 14 days after EPN application, whereas after 28 days pest densities in the plots treated with S. feltiae JY-17 and S. hebeiense JY-82 were similar to those in plots treated with phoxim and yielded significant reductions of the B. odoriphaga populations. Our findings indicate that EPN may have good potential for use in the integrated management of B. odoriphaga populations in Chinese chive. 相似文献
2.
Adult fungus gnat and shore fly populations were monitored in four container nurseries near Victoria, British Columbia. In general, populations of both insects were larger in summer than in winter. Also, both insects were more abundant in the nursery with a plastic-covered, soil floor, which favored moisture accumulation and build up of algae, liverworts and mosses, than in nurseries with other types of floors such as cement. Results of fungus isolations revealed that gnats and flies both harbor the seedling pathogens Botrytis cinerea and species of Fusarium and Phoma, plus several non-pathogenic fungi. The results are discussed in relation to nursery sanitation practices, their effects on gnat and fly populations, and some possible roles of these insects in seedling disease epidemiology. 相似文献
3.
Empirical models for predicting the production of wild mushrooms in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in the Central Pyrenees 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
José Antonio Bonet Timo Pukkala Christine R. Fischer Marc Palahí Juan Martínez de Aragón Carlos Colinas 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(2):206-206
Mushroom picking has become a widespread autumn recreational activity in the Central Pyrenees and other regions of Spain. Predictive models that relate mushroom production or fungal species richness with forest stand and site characteristics are not available. This study used mushroom production data from 24 Scots pine plots over 3 years to develop a predictive model that could facilitate forest management decisions when comparing silvicultural options in terms of mushroom production. Mixed modelling was used to model the dependence of mushroom production on stand and site factors. The results showed that productions were greatest when stand basal area was approximately 20 m2 ha?1. Increasing elevation and northern aspect increased total mushroom production as well as the production of edible and marketed mushrooms. Increasing slope decreased productions. Marketed Lactarius spp., the most important group collected in the region, showed similar relationships. The annual variation in mushroom production correlated with autumn rainfall. Mushroom species richness was highest when the total production was highest. 相似文献
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5.
Sonam Tamrakar Marina Nishida Yhiya Amen Hai Bang Tran Hiroto Suhara Katsuya Fukami Gopal Prasad Parajuli Kuniyoshi Shimizu 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(4):379-387
The present study aims to reveal the antibacterial potential of the wild mushrooms of Nepal. Despite the recognition of the medicinal potential of the natural resources in this country, a systematic study on the bioactivities of the wild mushrooms is still lacking. Therefore, in an attempt to fill this gap, ethanol extracts of 90 Nepalese wild mushroom samples were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. Staphylococcus aureus was comparatively more susceptible with Inonotus clemensiae exhibiting the least minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 100 μg/mL. The major compound in I. clemensiae was identified to be hispidin using high resolution liquid chromatography–electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBC values of hispidin were determined to be 25 and 100 µg/mL for S. aureus and P. acnes, respectively. These findings show that the Nepalese wild mushrooms have the potential to be a novel addition to the functional ingredients industry due to their strong antibacterial potential. 相似文献
6.
V. Stejskal 《Journal of pest science》2002,75(6):158-160
Traditional agricultural pest control IPM theory claims that the action threshold (AT) is lower than the economic (EIL) or aesthetic injury level (AIL). Urban and quarantine pests are tolerated at the zero or near-zero population level. In the cases where responsive pest control strategies are used instead of preventive ones, inherently AT should be non-zero and higher than EIL/AIL. The constraints of the implementation of preventive treatment (= zero AT) for some urban pest problems requiring the zero EIL/AIL are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Kazuko Ono Toshimitsu Hata Tsuyoshi Yoshimura Kazuhiko Kinjo 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(1):83-94
Four strains of the termite mushroom Termitomyces eurrhizus collected in Japan were surveyed for their wood decaying properties in three softwood and two hardwood species, in comparison with the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and the brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris. All strains of T. eurrhizus degraded only the surfaces of the wood samples, and differences in mass-loss rates between heartwood and sapwood were generally not significant. Higher mass-loss rates were generally obtained in softwood than in hardwood. The results of chemical analyses of decayed wood samples indicated that T. eurrhizus does not have high lignin-degradation ability, even though it is categorized as a white-rot fungus. These results clearly suggest the unique physiological characteristics of T. eurrhizus. 相似文献
8.
《Fitoterapia》2013
The fruiting bodies or mycelia of mushrooms have been used as food and food-flavoring material for centuries due to their nutritional and medicinal values and the diversity of their bioactive components. The present research was the first to study the chemical components in rice fermented with the edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii and the quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducing effect of these compounds. Through chemical investigation, one new compound, ((6S,7S)-6,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methyl acetate (1) and eight known compounds (2–9) were isolated from the P. eryngii-fermented rice. All of these compounds were isolated from rice fermented with the edible mushroom P. eryngii for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR data analyses. Alternariol-5-O-methyl ether (2) showed strong quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducing effect with an IR value of 2.58 at the concentration of 20 μg/ml. The content of adenosine (8) in the fermented rice (175.64 μg/g) is much higher than that of non-fermented rice (14.38 μg/g). 相似文献
9.
Frank H. Arthur Laura Starkus C. Michael Smith Thomas W. Phillips 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(3):499-505
Varieties of rough rice, Oryzae sativa (L.), were obtained from different sources in the south-central United States and evaluated for susceptibility to the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.), and the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), in laboratory studies. Adult R. dominica were fed on the rice varieties for 2 weeks, removed, and assessed for progeny production after an additional 6 weeks. Sitotroga cerealella susceptibility was evaluated by exposing two mating pairs of moths on a particular variety until the adults died. Rhyzopertha dominica parental survival, progeny production, and feeding damage by parental and progeny adults were variable, with survival ranging from 19.4 to 95 %. Rhyzopertha dominica parental feeding damage, progeny production, and progeny feeding damage were all correlated (r = 0.35–0.97, P < 0.001). Parental feeding of R. dominica provided access for neonate larvae to infest the rice hull. All rice varieties supported development of S. cerealella, and the variety Vista, which did not support growth of R. dominica, was one of the most susceptible varieties to S. cerealella. Progeny production of both species was generally correlated, but we observed only two instances of specific correlation for any rice variety. Results show that differences in variety susceptibility to stored product insects and differential susceptibility among species are important factors to consider when developing insect pest management programs for stored rice. 相似文献
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The apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea Klug has recently become a widespread pest in Croatian apple orchards. It causes severe damage in the blooming period due to the fact that infested fruit fall off. This article shows results collected over three years of field research on trap catches of sawflies, the period of laying eggs, the appearance of larvae and detection of damage. In the climate of northwestern Croatia, adult sawfly appear in April during the blooming period of the early apple variety of Idared. By monitoring temperatures from January 1, adults were detected when the thermal constant reached 210 day-degrees. Our observations showed that the larvae emerged when the sum of thermal constants reached ca. 110 day-degrees. The investigation of effective control strategies with insecticides showed high efficacy of thiametoxam (Actara), imidacloprid (Confidor), thiacloprid (Calypso) and betacyfluthrin + oxydemeton-methyl (Enduro) and lower efficacy of phosalone (Zolone), chlorpyrifos-methyl (Reldan), and lambda cyhalothrin (Karate). 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):244-249
Abstract This study analysed the relationship between weather conditions and the amount of wildwood mushrooms. A model of this relationship may be used to predict the amount of mushrooms with an elevated level of radionuclides that are available to domestic animals feeding outside during the summer and autumn months in Norway. Data on mushroom abundance were collected through a web application run by the Norwegian Mushroom Association. The data were coupled with meteorological data. Through linear regression analysis, it was found that average local cloud cover 5–3 weeks before the observation was the most important variable for explaining mushroom abundance at a given time and place. When controlling for cloud cover, weather variables covering rainfall, temperature, air humidity and wind speed had only marginal explanatory value. Of these, only rainfall and wind speed led to a significant (but small) improvement in the model. There was substantial unexplained residual variance in the model (R 2=0.23), but data analysis from identical locations and periods indicated that this was due mainly to variability in the response variable. 相似文献
13.
Masakazu Hiraide 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(3):265-269
This study formed part of an effort to improve the quality of dried shiitake mushroom [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler], in accordance with consumer preferences, and deals with the search for substances that increase the odorous
component content. From analysis of sulfur and sulfur-containing substances in the culture substrate, rice bran was found
to be the main source of sulfur, and 75% of this was present as cysteine and methionine. The sulfur-containing substances
were added to a sawdust medium containing only rice bran and sawdust as a substrate; shiitake mushrooms were cultivated in
the medium, the fruiting bodies were dried, and the 1,2,4-trithiolane content in the fruiting bodies was measured as an indicator
of the odorous compounds. Of the sulfur-containing substances, those that increased odorous compounds the most were cysteine
and methionine. The efficiency of cysteine in this regard was higher than that of methionine. It was also noted that the amount
of glutamic acid increased the odorous compounds in combination with cysteine and methionine. Furthermore, the addition of
both amino acids and glutamic acid had no negative effect on the yield. These results showed that it is possible to produce
dried shiitake mushrooms with a smell suitable for particular consumer preferences. 相似文献
14.
Analyses of the genetic diversity of matsutake isolates collected from different ecological environments in Asia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dapeng Bao Ayumi Koike Fangjie Yao Katsuji Yamanaka Tadanori Aimi Yutaka Kitamoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(4):344-350
Matsutake mushrooms are able to grow in two kinds of ecological environments: coniferous forests and broadleaf forests. Japanese
matsutake is a form of the matsutake mushroom that mainly appears in coniferous forests in the mid-latitude regions of Asia.
In contrast, matsutake from Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces of China grows in broadleaf forests in low-latitude regions. The
taxonomic relationship and the genetic distance between these two types of matsutake remain unclear. Here, we compared the
random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data and the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and
of variable domains V4, V6, and V9 of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mt SSU rDNA) to determine the genetic differences
of Tricholoma matsutake strains collected from different ecological and geographic environments in Asia. We found few differences in the sequences
of the variable domains, implying that all matsutake strains are the same biological species regardless of their host specificity
and geographical differences. This conclusion is also supported by the sequences of the ITS region. On the other hand, RAPD
analysis revealed that the matsutake mushrooms collected from different ecological environments have genetic differences and
represent distinct varieties. 相似文献
15.
José P. G. F. Silva Edson L. L. Baldin Efrain S. Souza Vinícius F. Canassa André L. Lourenção 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(4):649-657
Stink bugs are among the major pests of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] worldwide. Piezodorus guildinii [Westwood] (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the predominant pest species, causing more severe damage in many regions than other stink bugs. Its attack reduces yield and quality of the beans. Plant resistance is a valuable strategy in integrated pest management that can reduce insect populations below economic injury level. Here, we report the resistance of 17 soybean entries to P. guildinii. PI 229358, PI 274454, L1-1-01, “IAC 19,” PI 171451, PI 227687, “IAC 100,” IAC 78-2318, PI 274453, and IAC 74-2832 caused high nymphal mortality (greater than 90 %), indicating the expression of antibiosis. “IAC 100,” IAC 74-2832, PI 274453, and “IAC 24” also increased the length of the nymphal stage of P. guildinii, showing the same mechanism of resistance. Our findings may be useful for breeding programs that focus on the resistance of soybeans to insects. 相似文献
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The swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii) has become a significant economic pest of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Ontario and an emergent pest in the Prairie provinces. Determining yield impacts of swede midge damage and the growth stage(s) at which canola is most vulnerable or attractive to swede midge will contribute to the development of pest management recommendations throughout the growth of the crop. In four experiments, canola plants were exposed to specific densities of adult swede midge and measures of oviposition, damage and yield were collected. There was a significant positive relationship between female density and total oviposition per plant with a very high capacity for larval numbers on canola; up to ~ 4000. Given a choice of four growth stages, approximately 85% of oviposition occurred on seven-leaf and early bud canola. Given no choice, the high total oviposition on 3-leaf and flowering stages suggests that swede midge will oviposit on less favorable canola growth stages, if no others are present. Damage sustained on primary racemes remained relatively constant over time. However, damage ratings on secondary and tertiary racemes decreased over time in the highest treatment densities, suggesting compensation by the plant. All yield measures, except seed weight per pod, significantly decreased with increasing female density on primary and/or secondary racemes. A density of ~ 0.6 females per plant resulted in 10% reductions in the number of pods and seed weight produced on primary racemes. These results support recommendations for insecticide applications at, or just prior to, the early bud stage. 相似文献
18.
Leena Hamberg Minna Malmivaara-L?ms? Irja L?fstr?m Henna Vartiam?ki Sauli Valkonen Jarkko Hantula 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(1):99-106
We investigated the efficiency of three different methods to restrict sprouting in European aspen (Populus tremula L.) in regeneration areas of spruce in Finland. The methods compared were (1) traditional method (cutting at 10?C15 cm height) (2) cutting at 1 m height, and (3) fungus treatment (cutting at 10?C15 cm height, and mycelium of a white-rot fungus, Chondrostereum purpureum [Pers. Ex Fr.] Pouzar was applied to freshly cut stumps). The results indicated that the fungus treatment can restrict the emergence and growth of stump sprouts better than other methods, whereas cutting at 1 m seemed to yield the lowest numbers of root suckers. However, differences between the treatments were not significantly different (P values were > 0.05). For future experimentation, we suggest that the cutting of higher stumps to control the number of root suckers should be combined with application of C. purpureum to restrict the emergence and growth of stump sprouts. We also suggest developing more efficient C. purpureum isolates to control European aspen stump sprouting. 相似文献
19.
Simon Egli François Ayer Martina Peter Britta Eilmann Andreas Rigling 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(5):509-509
20.
Sarwan Kumar 《Journal of pest science》2017,90(1):129-137
The large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.), is an important pest of Indian mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., and inflicts heavy damage to all the above ground plant parts with strong yield reducing impacts. Farmers have few practical options other than to spray insecticides to protect their crop. In this study, an attempt was made during 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 crop seasons at Ludhiana, India, to evaluate Ethiopian mustard, Brassica carinata A. Braun as a trap crop to manage this pest as an alternate pest management strategy. B. carinata borders surrounding B. juncea were compared to chemically protected B. juncea and control (without B. carinata borders) plots for their effects on P. brassicae infestation and grain yield. Oviposition preference of adult butterflies was studied in a two-choice test in field cages, while the effect of two host plants on larval performance was studied under laboratory conditions under no choice conditions. B. juncea plots bordered with B. carinata harbored significantly lower larval population compared to control B. juncea plots during both the seasons. The grain yield in the bordered plots was also significantly higher than that from control plots and was statistically non-significant from that obtained in chemically protected plots. Female butterflies showed distinct oviposition preference for B. carinata over B. juncea and the larvae reared on B. carinata completed development in shorter period and grew bigger and heavier than those reared on B. juncea. Results indicated that B. carinata has potential to be used as trap crop to manage P. brassicae. 相似文献