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1.
本文记述了中国松叶蜂昆虫两新种,马尾松吉松叶蜂和油松吉松叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图4幅。 相似文献
2.
本文记述了中国叶蜂科两新种，吴茱萸蛞蝓叶蜂及山药叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图２幅。 相似文献
3.
Streams and drains in blanket-peatland forest in western Ireland were sampled weekly over 5 years, 1996–2000, using continuous, depth-proportional passive sampling. Analysis was for pH, alkalinity by Gran titration, anions by IC, metals by ICP, aluminium speciation by loaded-resin exchange, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by absorbance at 320 nm.
Effects of felling are identified graphically from two forest drains whose catchments (both about 1 ha) were clearfelled, and partial clearfelling of one larger catchment (somewhat over 1 km2), in summer 1999. Calcium concentrations and alkalinity were increased in the drain- and streamwater from the felled areas. The pH was increased in drains, while in the larger stream, pH range decreased while the mean increased. Phosphorus increased markedly with clearfell, in the absence of recent fertilising, and also increased with fertilising; these results are reported in an accompanying paper. Ammonium-nitrogen concentrations were increased in the two drains with felling, and temporarily decreased in the larger stream. Nitrate increased in some cases. Potassium and manganese concentrations also increased. Concentrations of DOC and organic monomeric aluminium increased gradually, subject to a continuing strong annual cycle. There were no clearfelling effects on concentrations of solphate, suspended solids or inorganic monomeric aluminium. In the two drains (fully clearfelled), concentrations of sodium, chloride and magnesium, and conductivity, were all reduced after felling. Fertilising effects other than for phosphorus were indistinct.
Effects of the combined clearfell–reforestation treatment were testable statistically, using randomised intervention analysis, between two larger streams (1 km2) as a treatment–control comparison. There were statistically significant positive responses in streamwater concentrations of nitrate, potassium, calcium, DOC and aluminium fractions. The implications for management practice depend on whether the loss of nutrients is sustainable for future crop productivity, and whether critical limits and loads of receiving ecosystems are exceeded. 相似文献
4.
中国葛藤叶蝉名录及新种、新记录描述（同翅目：叶蝉科） 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文系统报道我国葛藤上的叶蝉种类，共有11亚科40属50种，其中含3新种、1中国新记录属、5中国新记录种，建立1新组合种，并对折板叶蝉属Paradaevicephalus Ishilhara的属征进行了厘订。新种模式标本保存在安徽农业大学昆虫标本室。 相似文献
5.
我国红蜡蚧的寄生蜂共记载有30种，文章根据各种蜂的生物学习性，对这些寄生蜂进行了订正研究，确定其中19种为红蜡蚧的初寄生蜂，其中跳小蜂科Encyrtidae 10种：红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂Anicetus beneficus Ishii et Yasumatsu、霍氏扁角跳小蜂A.howardi Hayat,Alam et Agarwal、红帽蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂A.ohgushii Tachikawa、食红扁角跳小蜂A.rubensi Xu et He、寡毛扁角跳小蜂A.rarisetus Xu et He、柯氏花翅跳小蜂Microterys clauseni Compere、聂特花翅跳小蜂M.nietneri (Motschulsky）、红黄花翅跳小蜂M.rufofulvus Ishii、美丽花翅跳小蜂M.speciosus Ishii、匀色花翅跳小蜂M.unicoloris Xu；蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae 7种：斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard）、夏威夷食蚧蚜小蜂C.hawaiiensis Timberlake、赛黄盾食蚧蚜小蜂C.ishiii Compere、日本食蚧蚜小蜂C.japonicus Compere、赖食蚧蚜小蜂C.lycimnia (Walker）、黑色食蚧蚜小蜂C.yashidae Nakayama、蜡蚧斑翅蚜小蜂Aneristus ceroplastae Howard;金小蜂科Pteromalidae 1种：盔蚧短腹金小蜂Anysis saissetiae (Ashmead）；姬小蜂科Eulophidae 1种：蜡蚧啮小蜂Tetrastichus ceroplastae (Girault)。5种为红蜡蚧的重寄生蜂：粉蚧克氏跳小蜂Clausenia purpurea Ishii、敛眼优赛跳小蜂Eusemion comigerum (Walker）、褐软蚧尖角跳小蜂Pareusemion studiosum Ishii、微食皂马跳小蜂Zaomma lambinus(Walker)、日本方梗跳小蜂Cerapteroceroides japonicus Ashmead,其他6种为误订。另外，还记述了各种寄生蜂的寄主及分布，以便参考。 相似文献
6.
竹秆和竹叶的微量元素研究 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
本文研究了竹秆和竹叶的微量元素。雷竹和毛竹的竹秆含有Fe、Al、Ca、Mg、Ba、Mn、Zr、Ti、Pb、Sn、Ga、Cr、Ni、Mo、Cu、Yb、Zn、Sr、K、Na、P、B 和 Si 等23种微量元素,刚竹、苦竹和石竹的竹秆含有22种微量元素,少了一种 Cr 的元素;箬竹、刚竹、毛竹、雷竹和淡竹的竹叶含有20种微量元素;毛竹和雷竹的竹叶微量元素与毛竹和雷竹的竹秆微量元素比较,竹叶少了Sn、Cr 和 Yb 三种微量元素。 相似文献
7.
东北主要绿化树种对大气重金属污染物吸收能力的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文于2003年9月到10月在哈尔滨市主要街道采集和分析主要绿化树种的树叶，研究测定了东北主要的24种乔木树种和6种灌木树种对大气重金属污染物铅、镉、铬、汞的吸收能力。结果表明：绿化树种对铅、镉、铬、汞具有一定的吸收能力，并依污染物和树种的不同而有明显差异；根据不同树种对不同大气重金属污染物吸收量的差异将其各分为三级，其中吸铅量高的树种有白桦、垂枝榆和京桃等；吸镉量高的树种有小黑杨、钻天杨、银中杨和旱柳等；吸铬量高的树种有黄菠萝、紫丁香、旱柳、黑皮油松、红皮云杉、京桃、榆叶梅和糖槭等；吸汞量高的树种有榆叶梅、蒙古栎、旱柳、接骨木、野梨和华北绣线菊等。本研究为在不同大气重金属污染条件下选择不同绿化树种提供了科学依据。表4参11。 相似文献
8.
Mohammad Musharof Hossain 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(2):102-140
Orchids have been used as a source of medicine for millennia to treat different diseases and ailments including tuberculosis, paralysis, stomach disorders, chest pain, arthritis, syphilis, jaundice, cholera, acidity, eczema, tumour, piles, boils, inflammations, menstrual disorder, spermatorrhea, leucoderma, diahorrhea, muscular pain, blood dysentery, hepatitis, dyspepsia, bone fractures, rheumatism, asthma, malaria, earache, sexually transmitted diseases, wounds and sores. Besides, many orchidaceous preparations are used as emetic, purgative, aphrodisiac, vermifuge, bronchodilator, sex stimulator, contraceptive, cooling agent and remedies in scorpion sting and snake bite. Some of the preparations are supposed to have miraculous curative properties but rare scientific demonstration available which is a primary requirement for clinical implementations. Incredible diversity, high alkaloids and glycosides content, research on orchids is full of potential. Meanwhile, some novel compounds and drugs, both in phytochemical and pharmacological point of view have been reported from orchids. Linking of the indigenous knowledge to the modern research activities will help to discover new drugs much more effective than contemporary synthetic medicines. The present study reviews the traditional therapeutic uses of orchids with its recent advances in pharmacological investigations that would be a useful reference for plant drug researches, especially in orchids. 相似文献
9.
福建南安五台山西南桦不同种源生长差异比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
引进西南桦25个种源在福建五台山进行栽培试验,生长及寒害调查初步显示25个种源中A、V、T、Y、K、QI、、P等8个种源表现出生长快、产量高、干形好的特点,适于当地栽培和发展;M、C、G、S、F、O、J等7个种源生长差,不宜在当地推广和发展;D、E、N、U、H、X、R、B、L、W等10个种源生长中等,可根据实际生产需要选择应用。 相似文献
10.
报道了中国蕨叶蜂科蕨叶蜂亚科两新属新种：吴氏狭眶叶蜂Linorbita wuae gen.et sp.nov.和黑跗痕缝叶蜂Parapeptamena nigritarsis gen.et sp.nov. 相似文献
11.
纤维素是自然界丰富的天然有机高分子,具有价廉易得、环境友好、力学性能良好等优点,开发和利用空间非常广阔。传统水凝胶存在力学强度差、结构功能单一等问题,而引入纤维素及其衍生物是改善其性能的一种重要手段。因此通过物理或者化学方法对纤维素进行改性,制备具有自愈合性能的凝胶,受到科技工作者的广泛关注和研究。笔者以物理型和化学型自愈合凝胶为主线,综述了近年来采用纤维素制备自愈合材料的研究进展,为纤维素基自愈合凝胶的制备和应用提供参考。以纤维素基凝胶的自愈合机理进行分类,重点介绍了利用氢键、疏水相互作用、主-客体相互作用、金属配位作用和静电作用等物理作用,以及硼酸酯键、双硫键、酰腙键、烯胺键和Diels-Alder反应等化学作用构建的凝胶。分析了自愈合凝胶的设计思路,探讨了凝胶自愈合性能的影响因素,同时总结了基于纤维素制备的自愈合凝胶的结构特性及其在柔性电子、生物医疗、组织工程等方面的应用。最后,探讨了纤维素基自愈合凝胶所面临的问题,并展望了其研究前景。 相似文献
12.
红树林是生长在热带和亚热带潮间带河口地带的耐盐植物群落,分布在南纬30°与北纬30°之间,具有盐胁迫、高矿物组成、强还原性、频繁的潮汐等特征,也使植物对营养、空间的竞争异常激烈,特殊生境使红树林植物内生真菌多样性丰富,必然会造成不同于其他生态系统的良好生物活性、独特化学结构的活性功能分子。红树属是红树林植物中分布较广泛的一个属,包括8个种,分别是红海榄、红树、红茄苳、美洲红树、Rhizophora harrisonii、R.racemosa、树冬红树和萨摩红树。迄今为止,从红树属分离出内生真菌类群已达23目41科64属,其中对拟盘多毛孢属、青霉属和毛霉属的内生真菌代谢产物研究的最为广泛;从红树属内生真菌中分离鉴定出195种天然产物,包括生物碱类、萜类化合物、香豆素类、色酮类化合物、醌类化合物、杂氧蒽醌类化合物、肽类、酚酸类化合物、内酯类等化合物,从红树属植物中发现许多结构新颖的次生代谢产物,从中国南海红树林红茄苳内生拟盘多毛孢真菌中发现一系列罕见的具有亲脂性取代基的新色酮类化合物pestalotiopsones A-F (107—112),从拟盘多毛孢属JCM2A4中发现2个具有柔性结构的补身烷型倍半萜-环青霉醛酸的新骨架化合物pestalotiopens A和B (83, 84)。此外,许多化合物显示出良好的抗肿瘤、抗菌和抗氧化等生物活性,如化合物pestalpolyol 1(119)具有很强的抑制作用,对小鼠淋巴瘤L5178Y细胞的半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)值为4.10μmol·L-1。从内生真菌毛霉QEN-189中分离到的吲哚生物碱rhizovarins A,B和F(46, 47, 50)对肺癌细胞A549抑制作用强,IC50值分别为11.5、6.3和9.2μmol·L-1,对白血病细胞HL-60有强抑制作用,IC50值为9.6、5和7μmol·L-1。 相似文献
13.
本文对2006-2013年期间我国感病桉树或桉树木片上发现的21个真菌物种的分类地位、形态特征、菌落特点、寄主范围、分布地域和危害特点等进行了概述。介绍的对象包括桉树枝干斑点溃疡病原 Teratosphaeria zuluensis（祖鲁畸腔菌）;桉树叶部斑点溃疡病原Teratosphaeria destructans（破畸腔菌）,Mycosphaerella marksii（马克氏球腔菌）,M. crystallina（水晶球腔菌）,M. yunnanensis（云南球腔菌）;桉树顶梢及叶白枯萎病原 Quambalaria pitereka（彼特氏桉座孢）;桉树苗茎腐病原 Calonectria cerciana（桉树丽赤壳）,C. pauciramosa（常丽赤壳）,C. pseudoreteaudii（瑞丽赤壳）;桉树叶焦枯病原 C. crousiana（克儒斯氏丽赤壳）,C. fujianensis（福建丽赤壳）,C. pauciramosa（常丽赤壳）, C. pseudocolhounii（类柯氏丽赤壳）,C. pseudoreteaudii（瑞丽赤壳）;桉树木片腐烂病原Ophiostoma tsotsi（类栎长喙壳菌）;桉树枝干溃疡病原Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis（类古巴黄隐丛赤壳）,Fusicoccum fabicercianum（法比桉树壳梭孢）,Lasiodiplodia theobromae（柯柯豆毛色二孢）,L. pseudotheobromae（类柯柯豆毛色二孢）,Celoporthe guangdongensis（广东暗隐丛赤壳）,C. eucalypti（桉树暗隐丛赤壳）;桉树枝干枯萎病原Ceratocystis acaciivora（相思长喙壳）,C. chinaeucensis（中国桉树长喙壳）。 相似文献
14.
中国跳小蜂科六新记录属六新记录种(膜翅目:小蜂总科) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
记述了采自吉林，辽宁，河北，山东，福建等省的6种跳小蜂，即巴库小雅跳小蜂Baeocharis pascuorum Mayr，茧蜂伊思跳小蜂Echthrodryinus azureus(Mercet)。黄色伊伦跳小蜂Erencytus dewitzi Mahdihassan,柯木玛赫跳小蜂Mahencyrtus comora Walker。栖桔副暗跳小蜂Parablatticida citri(Mercet)。玛娜利捷行跳小蜂Trechnites manaliensis Hayat,Alam et Agarwal，除玛娜利捷行跳小蜂出自梨木虱Psylla chinensis，茧蜂伊思跳小蜂寄主有误外，其余4种为扫网采集，这6种跳小蜂在我国属首次报道。主要寄生各种树木上的介壳虫和木虱。这6个属也是中国分布新记录属。 相似文献
15.
In order to identify for alley cropping new candidate species with high biomass and nitrogen-fixing potential, a screening
study was conducted on ten woody and shrub legumes (Acacia auriculiformis, Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena diversifolia, L. leucocephala cv. K28 and cv. K636, Lonchocarpus sericeus, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea and Tephorsia candida) for 6 months using an acid Ultisol and a non-acid Alfisol. A wide interspecific variability of legumes appeared within soil
types, and there were significant species-by-soil interactions for many parameters in this study. In the acid Ultisol, plant
growth in height and grith, nodule numbers, nitrogen yield and N2-fixing potential were significantly (P = 0.05) lower than those in the Alfisol. While Albizia lebbeck was outstanding in both acid and non-acid soil conditions for most performance criteria, L. leucocephala cv. K28 was most sensitive to soil acidity with 41.7% of total nitrogen yield in the Ultisol relative to that accumulated
in the Alfisol. In addition to L. leucocephala cv. K28 and G. sepium, the most common hedgerow species, A. lebbeck, L. leucocephala cv. K636, L. diversifolia on Alfisol, and A. lebbeck, L. leucocephala cv. K636, L. diversifolia, Tephrosia candida and Cajanus cajan on acid Ultisol, could be considered promising and thus, worthy of further site adaptability trials. 相似文献
16.
中国竹类多样性及其重要价值 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
竹类属于禾本科Gramineae（Poaceae）、竹亚科Bambusoideae植物,全世界约1 500多种。中国竹类的自然分布广阔,横跨热带、亚热带和温带地区,涵盖包括台湾、香港在内的21个有竹子分布的省、自治区、直辖市和特区。中国是世界上竹类多样性最丰富的国家,也是世界上栽培竹类最丰富的国家,共有竹类植物753种（含22种引进种）,约占世界总数的50%以上。同时,中国竹类在起源、遗传进化、内部构造、生态及林型等方面均具有十分丰富的多样性。中国竹类从宏观到微观所展现出的多样性特质,是大自然留给人类的宝贵遗产,对于人类认识自然、保护自然、从而更好的利用竹类资源服务于人类的长远利益,具有重要价值。文章从起源、生态、林型、物种、形态、遗传等方面概述了中国竹类的多样性,为进一步探讨竹类多样性提供基础信息。 相似文献
17.
I. O. O. Aiyelaagbe 《Agroforestry Systems》1994,27(1):1-16
The cashew-coconut system in the Coast Province of Kenya was appraised to determine the efficacy and adoption potential of a fruitcrop based agroforestry intervention designed to increase the productivity of the system. Fruitcrops on farmers plots ranged between 16–22 species. They featured mainly as understorey trees in cashew-coconut plots and upper storey of foodcrop plots. Fruit tree management was generally poor.Between 67–100% of farmers interviewed were interested in planting more fruit trees on their farms. Envisaged cash generation was a major reason for their interest. Preferred species were generally adapted exotics. Preference was in the order ofMangifera indica, Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata > Cocos nucifera, Anacardium occidentalis, Carica papaya > Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa,Ananas comosus, Syzygium cumini, Citrus limon, Musa sapientum, Persea americana > Musa paradisiaca, Citrus aurantifolia Annona spp. Locational differences existed in exact order of preference within the groupings. Constraints to fruit production included lack of improved fruit tree seedlings, low proficiency in fruit seedling production, transportation, no capital for initial investment, damage by wild animals, prolonged dry spells, and frequent die back of fruit trees. Based on its high adoption potential, a fruitcrop based agroforestry intervention is recommended for increasing the productivity of the cashew-coconut system of Kenya.Possible agroforestry technologies in which fruitcrops could feature are discussed. 相似文献
18.
报道了19个浙江植物分布新记录,其中短果芥属HirschfeldiaMoench,短果芥H.incana,盘珠鹿药Maianthemum robustum和白花印度黄芩Scutellaria indica f. leucantha属中国分布新记录;黑种豇豆Vigna stipulata,大花鬼针草Bidens alba var. radiata和光茎飞蓬Conyza canadensis var. pusillus属中国大陆分布新记录;狭叶黄檀Dalbergia stenophylla,头序歪头菜Vicia ohwiana,密花薹草Carex confertiflora和白花鸭跖草Commelina communis f.albiflora属华东分布新记录;山桑Morusmongolicavar.diabolica,福建小檗Berberisfujianensis,少花桂Cinnamomum pauciflorum,红花截叶铁扫帚Lespedeza lichiyuniae,绒毛锐尖山香圆Turpinia arguta var. pubescens,刺毛柳叶箬Isachne sylvestris,多叶韭Allium plurifoliatum和小斑叶兰Goodyera repens属浙江分布新记录。 相似文献
19.
整理采自甘肃膜翅目叶蜂科蔺叶蜂亚科标本总计102号,经鉴定分为22属32种。其中:敛片叶蜂属1种、真片叶蜂属2种、开片叶蜂属1种、直脉叶蜂属1种、半片叶蜂属1种、巨片叶蜂属1种、儒雅叶蜂属1种、狭唇叶蜂属1种、卜氏叶蜂属1种、多齿叶蜂属2种、宽距叶蜂属6种、窝眶叶蜂属1种、栉齿叶蜂属1种、李叶蜂属1种、小爪叶蜂属2种、线叶蜂属1种、旖蔺叶蜂属1种、纹眶叶蜂属1种、蔺叶蜂属2种、钩鞘叶蜂属2种、剑鞘叶蜂属1种、短角叶蜂属1种。包括1新属:敛片叶蜂属;17科学新种:长柄敛片叶蜂、马氏真片叶蜂、杨氏直脉叶蜂、小黑半片叶蜂、粗角巨片叶蜂、细足狭唇叶蜂、短角卜氏叶蜂、黑足宽距叶蜂、黑鳞李叶蜂、甘肃小爪叶蜂、黑肩旖蔺叶蜂、短脉纹眶叶蜂、皱额蔺叶蜂、显颊蔺叶蜂、黑盾钩鞘叶蜂、辛氏钩鞘叶蜂、白肩剑鞘叶蜂;6甘肃新记录种和9已知种。 相似文献
20.
盐池沙地主要饲料灌木树种特性的观测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了更好地提高灌木饲料林的经营管理水平,提高其利用率,在过去研究的基础上(李生宝等,1993,王 北等,1992),对饲料灌木树种的特性进行了研究。1 研究地区自然及社会经济概况研究地位于北纬37°47′～38°40′,东径106°42′～107°45′,为宁夏盐池县北部毛乌素沙地西南边缘。干旱少雨,风多沙大,光热资源丰富,年均气温77℃,1月平均气温-89℃,7月平均气温223℃,年温差312℃,≥10℃的积温29449℃,年日照时数28679ｈ,无霜期145ｄ,年降水量250～300ｍｍ,且主要集中在7、8、9几个月,约占全年降水量的60%以上,年变率大于30%,蒸发量是降水量的72倍… 相似文献