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1.
竹炭是一种优良的可再生生物质碳材料,具有独特的孔隙结构和吸附性能,常用于制备各种功能复合材料,而竹炭因其优异的远红外反射性能被广泛应用于保暖织物和健康保健等领域。通过元素分析、FT-IR、BET和XRD等表征方法分析了热处理后竹炭的性能特征,并研究了竹炭远红外发射率的影响因素。结果表明:对竹炭进行热处理后,随着温度的上升,竹炭红外发射率呈现先维持相对稳定阶段而后上升的趋势,然后保持在较高值的现象。对竹炭进行表征后发现:当热处理温度低于600℃时,竹炭固定碳等组分相对稳定,其红外发射率保持稳定且无显著变化;在温度600~800℃时,其红外发射率与温度则呈线性正相关;当温度超过800℃时,竹炭红外发射率保持在较高值;比表面积试验表明800℃热处理时比表面积达到最大值,竹炭远红外发射率与其比表面积呈正相关,而与其平均孔径则呈负相关;XRD结果表明竹炭的结晶度会影响其远红外发射率,但关联性较弱。由此可知,竹炭热处理可以提高其远红外发射率,热处理以800℃为宜,远红外发射率性达到0.95,且竹炭远红外发射率主要受其固定碳质量分数影响,此外还受比表面积和孔径的影响。 相似文献
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The technology of liquefying processed-waste bamboo with phenol is investigated by single factor trials and an orthogonal
design. We studied the preparation technology and properties of adhesives from this phenol-liquefied bamboo with formaldehyde
(BPF). The results show that temperature has a significant effect on liquefaction. The effect of the mass ratio of phenol
to bamboo comes second and the catalyst dosage within the range of 2%–4% is the least effective. The optimum conditions of
liquefaction are as follows: a mass ratio of phenol to bamboo 3.5, a catalyst dosage of 4%, liquefying temperature 145°C and
liquefying time 60 min. The liquefaction rate of bamboo reached 99.1%. For the preparation of the adhesive, a mass ratio of
liquefied bamboo products to formaldehyde (37%) is 100 to 164.8–199.5, while the ratio 100 to 108.2 is the best. This adhesive
has a lower curing temperature than that of normal PF resin. At a hot-press temperature of 130 or 140°C, this new adhesive
provides excellent bonding strength of plywood. The most favorable temperature for hot-pressing is 140°C.
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Translated from Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2007, 27(6): 65–70 [译自: 林产化学与工业] 相似文献
4.
This study investigated the liquefaction of bamboo in phenol, which involved the effects of weight ratios of phenol to bamboo,
amount of catalyst, temperature, etc. The study showed that liquefaction could be accomplished with a phenol to bamboo weight
ratio of 2–1: 1, a 5% catalyst of HCl or BF3, and a temperature of 115°C. Liquefied bamboo formaldehyde (BLF) resin adhesive for exterior use could be obtained with a
phenol to formaldehyde molar ratio of 1:1.6–2.0. The curing behavior of BLF resin adhesive, studied by TG-DSC and IR analyses,
showed that BLF resin adhesives had a lower curing temperature than PF adhesives but had the same characteristic trough in
IR spectra as PF adhesives.
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Translated from Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2004, 24(3) [译自: 林产化学与工业, 2004, 24(3)] 相似文献
5.
Shigeru Yamauchi Takayuki Yamagishi Kazuko Kirikoshi Mitsuyoshi Yatagai 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(2):183-191
Cesium adsorption by commercial charcoals was examined to elucidate the mechanisms for capturing cesium ions in aqueous solution. Changes in the adsorption ability of charcoals due to water extraction (water washing) were investigated to develop practical cesium adsorptives based on charcoal. The commercial charcoals examined included mangrove charcoal (MC) and ubamegashi (Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray) bincho charcoal (BC). Data from the two charcoals were compared with those of Japanese oak (Quercus serrata Thunb. and/or Quercus crispula Blume) charcoal (OC) reported previously. Aqueous cesium chloride solution (2.50 × 10?5 mol/L) was used as a sample solution for the adsorption study. Charcoal powder was used as an adsorbent after passing through a 60-mesh sieve. The powders were characterized using methods, such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. The results indicated that MC, which was manufactured at the lowest possible temperature and had the smallest specific surface area, possessed the greatest ability to adsorb cesium. The MC also had the great cesium-adsorption ability in weak acidic solution and maintained the ability even after lengthy extraction treatments. 相似文献
6.
比较不同炭吸附材料：木炭、竹炭、改性木炭和改性竹炭对溶液中汞（Ⅱ）的吸附性能。研究了pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附平衡时间等因素对吸附量的影响。动力学研究表明：它们对汞（Ⅱ）的吸附均可用准一级动力学方程描述；并测定不同炭对汞（Ⅱ）吸附的表观速率常数。研究表明Freundlich等温吸附模型能较好的描述吸附过程。以中国饮用水标准中汞的限值0．001mg／L为标准，研究一定浓度及一定量含汞废水处理时，所需吸附剂投料量的估算方法和试验验证结果，结果表明：控制合适的吸附条件，竹炭能较完全有效的除去废水中的汞。 相似文献
7.
The effect of ultraviolet-visible light irradiation on changes in surface chemistry and morphology of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectroscopy were used in combination to study chemical
changes induced by exposure to artificial sunlight (xenon lamp) for up to 160 h, and the resulting physical changes of cell
walls of bamboo surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR results showed that significant changes
occurred in the lignin component as indicated by considerable decreases in the intensities of the characteristic aromatic
lignin peak at 1512 cm−1 and other associated bands. This was accompanied by formation of new carbonyl groups at 1735 cm−1, resulting in photooxidation of bamboo surfaces. The photosensitive nature of bamboo lignin was also demonstrated by FT-Raman
analysis, in which obvious decreases in intensities of Raman bands at 1604 and 1630 cm−1 mainly derived from lignin and free and esterified p-coumaric and ferulic acids were observed. SEM micrographs of the irradiated cross sections of bamboo revealed that significant
damage occurred to the fiber walls, whereas the parenchyma cells exhibited slight distortion and some cracks occurred in the
cell walls. The structures of cell corners and middle lamellae were nearly intact after irradiation. 相似文献
8.
Chemical changes in cell wall components of bamboo internode during steam explosion process were analyzed to investigate self-binding
mechanism of binderless board from steam-exploded pulp. More than 30% of xylose on initial mass, which is a major hydrolyzate
of bamboo hemicelluloses, was lost after steam explosion treatment. Bamboo lignin is characterized by the presence of ester-
and/or ether-linked p-coumaric acid to lignin. The content of phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin isolated from steam-exploded pulp was characterized
2.3 times higher than those of the extract-free bamboo internode due to the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages. Alkaline nitrobenzene
oxidation of the bamboo lignin gave vanillin, syringaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde as major products. The content of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde decreased after steam explosion treatment, indicating the cleavage of ester- and/or ether-linked p-coumaric acid. The total yield of erythronic and threonic acids in ozonation products of the extract-free bamboo internode
lignin was 268 mmol (200 g lignin)−1, while those of lignins in the steam-exploded pulp and powdery fraction were 96 and 129 mmol (200 g lignin)−1, respectively, suggesting the significant cleavage of β-O-4 linkages during steam explosion treatment. The cleavage of β-O-4
linkages was also confirmed by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic observations. 相似文献
9.
This study evaluated the protection effectiveness of alcohol-borne reagents for the green color of ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel). The results show that the types and concentrations of alcohol-borne reagents, the kinds of solvent, and the conditions
of treatment greatly affected the green color of these two bamboo species. Without alkali pretreatment, an excellent green
color protection (a* = −14.5) was obtained when the ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.5% methanol-borne copper chloride (CuCl2) at 60°C for 30 min. Similar results were also obtained when ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.5% methanol-borne copper
nitrate [Cu(NO3)2] at 60°C for 2 h (a* = −13.5). For moso bamboo, an attractive green color in the bamboo culms was achieved by treating the specimens with 1%
methanol-borne copper acetate [Cu(CH3COO)2] at 60°C for 30 min. The a* value of treated specimens was −13.3. In addition, results demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment was more effective on
green color protection than conventional water bath treatment. When moso bamboo was treated with 1% copper acetate at 60°C
in an ultrasonic bath for only 15 min, a remarkable green color with an a* value of −13.6 was obtained on the bamboo epidermis. 相似文献
10.
In order to improve the efficiency of softening bamboo block when manufacturing bamboo veneer, chemistry reagents such as
NaHCO3 are often adopted during bamboo softening treatment. But the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed
that the band intensity at 1,733 cm−1, assigned to C=O stretching vibration in xylan, was reduced in the spectrum of softening-treated bamboo with NaHCO3 compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo and softening treatment of bamboo without NaHCO3. That is to say, that the hemicellulose of bamboo was destroyed after softening treatment with NaHCO3, which meant that softening treatment of bamboo with NaHCO3, is not a perfect softening treatment method. Thus, in this paper a softening technology at 120°C for 30 min in a closed
container was adopted. The results of FTIR show that there was almost no difference in FTIR spectra between no softening treatment
of bamboo and softening treatment of bamboo at 120°C for 30 min, which meant that softening treatment at 120°C for 30 min
had no effect on the composition of bamboo. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show that T
g of not softening-treated bamboo was 120°C, while T
g of softening-treated bamboo at 120°C for 30 min was 88°C. T
g of softening-treated bamboo at 120°C for 30 min decreased by 26.7% compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo. The
results of hardness show that the hardness of bamboo strip after a softening treatment for 30 min at 120°C decreased by 42.0–54.6%
compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo. The results of hardness and DMA show that the effect of softening treatment
of bamboo at 120°C for 30 min was resultful. 相似文献
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We investigated a method for measuring the refining degree of bamboo charcoal using an alternating current. The bamboo charcoal
was made under heating conditions of 400°–900°C (set temperature) and 0—3 h (holding time at each set temperature). The qualities
of the bamboo charcoal could not be estimated from the yield, and electric tests were required. The effect of the variation
in sample thickness on the impedance could be ignored. Attaching two plate electrodes to the same surface of a specimen enabled
high accuracy and practical use. The impedance was found to be a suitable index for estimating the refining degree of the
bamboo charcoal, such as the specific electric resistance. We believe that bamboo changes from an insulator to a conductor
suddenly when processed at 600°–750°C for 0–2 h. It is possible that the integral of temperature with time in a specimen during
heating is useful for approximately estimating impedance. 相似文献
13.
对不同最终炭化温度(300~700℃)的竹炭进行比表面的测定,结果表明炭化温度为700℃的竹炭具有较大的比表面积(385m2/g)。将炭化温度为700℃的竹炭进行生物改性处理,利用竹炭本身的吸附能力及微生物菌群的生物降解作用,对污水进行处理,实验结果表明:生物改性竹炭对污水中COD去除率达到94.00%,氨氮的去除率达到96.67%,色度去除率达到88.73%,浊度去除率达到92.56%。通过扫描电镜分析生物改性竹炭,观察到竹炭的表面和内部孔隙均分布着丰富的微生物菌群。可见,以竹炭作为载体,为微生物聚集、繁殖生长提供了良好的场所,在适当的温度及营养条件下,能够同时发挥竹炭的吸附作用和微生物的生物降解作用,使水质得到净化。 相似文献
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15.
Effect of bamboo vinegar on regulation of germination and radicle growth of seed plants 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Two kinds of bamboo vinegar from madake bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) were prepared to analyze their components by gas chromatography (GC). The original vinegar, distilled vinegar, ether-extracted
vinegar, and three fractions including acidic, neutral, and phenolic fractions separated from ether-extracted vinegar were
diluted with distilled water 102 to 107 times. These diluted vinegar solutions were used to investigate the effect of bamboo vinegar on the germination and radicle
growth of seed plants. High concentrations of all kinds of treated bamboo vinegars (e.g., 102 of original vinegar and 103 of ether-extracted vinegar) showed strong inhibition against germination of the seeds. However, an appropriate dilution of
bamboo vinegar showed an obvious promotional effect on germination and radicle growth for the four kinds of tested seeds (lettuce,
watercress, honewort, chrysanthemum).
Received: December, 12, 2001 / Accepted: July 29, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Part of this paper was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001 相似文献
16.
用纳米TiO2分别对颗粒状及粉末状竹炭进行改性得到纳米改性竹炭,并对纳米改性竹炭(颗粒、粉末)、4种炭化温度(500℃、600℃、700℃和800℃)的竹炭及纳米TiO2共7种材料,在无光照条件下对2种霉菌(黑曲霉菌、绿色木霉菌)进行抑菌试验。结果表明:纳米TiO2改性竹炭(颗粒、粉末)抑菌效果最好,其防治效力(E)分别为90%和100%。4种炭化温度竹炭的防治效力(E)分别为25%、25%、25%和0%,纳米TiO2材料没有抑菌能力,其防治效力(E)为0%。试验表明,纳米TiO2改性竹炭比普通竹炭的抑菌效果好,是一种抑菌能力强的新型竹炭材料。 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this study was to compare carbon sequestration between moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) and China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests. The study site was located in the lower mountain area of central Taiwan, where both moso bamboo and China fir were rich. In addition, moso bamboo and China fir forests were surveyed on 12 and 19 plantations, respectively. We predicted carbon sequestration based on the allometric model for moso bamboo and China fir forests and compared the relationships between characteristics of bamboo forests and elevation. The results showed that mean diameter at breast height (DBH), culms per hectare and aboveground biomass were not clearly affected by elevation, whereas a negative correlation (R = −0.600, p = 0.039) between mean DBH and stand density was found for moso bamboo forests. Moreover, the aboveground carbon storage was higher for China fir forests than for moso bamboo (99.5 vs. 40.6 Mg ha−1). However, moso bamboo is an uneven-aged stand which is only composed of 1-5-year-old culms, while China fir is an even-aged stand and the age range is from 15 to 54 years, such that, per year, the mean aboveground carbon sequestration is 8.13 ± 2.15 and 3.35 ± 2.02 Mg ha−1 for moso bamboo and China fir, respectively. On the other hand, the mean carbon sequestration of China fir decreases with increasing the age class. Furthermore, the ratio of moso bamboo to China fir is 2.39 and a T-test showed that the aboveground carbon levels were significantly different between these two species; thus, moso bamboo is a species with high potential for carbon sequestration. 相似文献
18.
Fe3+/TiO2改性竹炭催化降解甲醛 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以竹炭为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,并掺杂Fe3+,经浸渍过滤和高温焙烧制备Fe3+/TiO2改性竹炭,并用SEM和XRD进行表征.采用单因素和正交组合试验探究焙烧温度、Fe3+掺杂量、负载层数三因子对改性竹炭去除甲醛效果的影响,从而确定制备Fe3 +/TiO2改性竹炭的最优工艺.从SEM和XRD图谱表征可知,竹炭、TiO2溶胶和Fe3+三者之间能够较好地复合在一起.三因子中焙烧温度因子最为显著,其次是负载层数和Fe3+掺杂量.制备Fe3+/TiO2改性竹炭最佳工艺参数为焙烧温度450℃、负载层数2层、Fe3+掺杂量1％,其对甲醛的去除率达到61％,均高于单一竹炭或TiO2/竹炭复合对甲醛的去除率,表明三者复合具有协同促进作用. 相似文献
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20.
Bamboo hedgerow systems in Kerala, India: Root distribution and competition with trees for phosphorus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B. N. Divakara B. Mohan Kumar P. V. Balachandran N. V. Kamalam 《Agroforestry Systems》2001,51(3):189-200
In a field study on bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd.) hedgerow systems of Kerala, we tested the following three hypotheses: (1) Effective root foraging space is
a function of crown spread, (2) Proximity of trees depress lateral spread of roots in mixed species systems and (3) The closer
the trees are located the greater will be the subsoil root activity which in turn facilitates active absorption of nutrients
from deeper layers of the soil profile. Root distribution of boundary planted bamboo and root competition with associated
trees in two binary mixtures, teak (Tectona grandis)-bamboo and Malabar white pine (Vateria indica)-bamboo, were evaluated using modified logarithmic spiral trenching and 32P soil injection techniques respectively. Excavation studies indicate that rooting intensity declined linearly with increasing
lateral distance. Larger clumps manifested wider foraging zones. Eighty three per cent of the large clumps (>4.0 m dia.) extended
roots beyond 8 m while only 33% of the small (<2.5 m dia.) clumps extended roots up to 8 m. Highest root counts were found
in the 10–20 cm layer with nearly 30% of total roots. Although nearness of bamboo clumps depressed root activity of teak and
Vateria in the surface layers of the soil profile, root activity in the deeper layers was stimulated. 32P recovery was higher when applied at 50-cm depth than at 25-cm depth implying the safety net role of tree roots for leached
down nutrients. Inter specific root competition can be regulated by planting crops 8–9 m away from the bamboo clumps and/or
by canopy reduction treatments.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献