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1.
An eight-year old Rottweiler dog was presented with signs of enophthalmia, ptosis, anisocoria and mydriasis of the right eye, which showed visual disturbance, reduced or absent reflexes, and ophthalmoplegia. Consensual pupillary light reflex was also absent in the left eye. These neurological deficits were compatible with cavernous sinus syndrome. Computed tomography images of the cavernous sinus and the optical fissure revealed a mildly calcified mass arising from the right presphenoid bone extending further caudally into the orbital foramina. This extension of the mass affected the normal function of several cranial nerves. The dog was euthanased within one year of the initial presentation following development of forebrain signs. A chondrosarcoma was diagnosed histologically after necropsy.  相似文献   

2.
A seven‐year‐old domestic shorthair cat, adopted 5 years previously with a corneal perforation of the left eye, was presented for investigation of a left orbital mass. Computed tomography revealed a metallic foreign body within a contrast‐enhancing, heterogeneous orbital mass. Large cell lymphoma was diagnosed from a fine needle aspirate. The cat staged negatively and was treated with l‐asparaginase, prednisolone and three fractions of radiation therapy. A rapid clinical remission was obtained and the cat remained in remission for 3 years after therapy. This is the first report of large cell lymphoma likely occurring secondary to a foreign body.  相似文献   

3.
A multilobular tumour of bone with left orbital involvement was diagnosed at post mortem examination in an eight-year-old German shepherd cross dog. The tumour resulted in progressive exophthalmos with lateral deviation of the left eye. Radiographs revealed that the mass was mineralised and originated from the left frontal bone with invasion of the left frontal sinus and destruction of the cribriform plate. This is the third reported case of this type of tumour involving the orbit of the dog and thus multilobular tumour of bone should be considered as a differentia] diagnosis of exophthalmos.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To report dynamic collapse of the apex of the left corniculate process under the right corniculate process into the airway at the dorsal apposition of the paired arytenoid cartilages during exercise as a cause of upper airway dysfunction in horses. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Fifteen horses with a history of poor performance and/or upper respiratory tract noise during exercise. METHODS: Video recordings of all horses referred for upper airway evaluation using high-speed treadmill videoendoscopy (HSTV) between January 1998 and December 2003 were reviewed. Records of horses that developed dynamic collapse of the apex of the left corniculate process into the airway were included. Clinical history, age, gender, breed, and use of the horse were retrieved. RESULTS: Of 309 horses referred for examination for poor performance and/or upper respiratory tract noise during exercise, 15 (4.9%) had collapse of the apex of the left corniculate process under the right and into the airway at the dorsal apposition between the paired arytenoid cartilages during HSTV. There were 3 females and 13 males, aged from 2 to 5 years. Five horses had previous surgery for left recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN): 2 had nerve muscle pedicle graft and 3 had laryngeal prosthesis. During HSTV, all 15 horses had progressive collapse of the apex of the left corniculate process under the right at the dorsal apposition of the 2 arytenoid cartilages, and into the dorsal aspect of the rima glottidis. Review of video recordings revealed that collapse of the apex of the corniculate process was followed by progressive collapse of the left aryepiglottic fold and left vocal fold. The ventral aspect of the left corniculate cartilage maintained abduction in all horses. Two horses also had progressive collapse of the right vocal fold, 1 had rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch, and another had dorsal displacement of the soft palate. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic collapse of the apex of the left corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage under the right is an uncommon cause of upper airway dysfunction in horses and the pathogenesis is unclear. We speculate that the left arytenoideus transversus muscle is unable to support the dorsal apposition between the arytenoid cartilages. This loss of support allows the elastic cartilage of the left corniculate process to collapse under the right and into the airway, as inspiratory pressure increases during exercise. This condition may be associated with an unusually advanced neuropathy of the adductor components of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and may be an unusual manifestation of RLN; however, this is speculative and further investigation is required to determine its cause. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dynamic collapse of the apex of the left corniculate process and into the airway at the dorsal apposition between the paired arytenoid cartilages can only be diagnosed during HSTV. It is an uncommon cause of upper airway dysfunction but may affect the athletic potential of racing Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds.  相似文献   

5.
A 10-year-old cat was presented with a history of inappetence, pyrexia and weight loss. Clinical investigations showed anaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, septic peritonitis and a double gall bladder with choleliths in an extrahepatic duct. Initial medical stabilisation was performed. At laparotomy, a duplex gall bladder with two separate cystic ducts was identified. The left gall bladder was thickened and had ruptured at the apex. Multiple choleliths were identified in the left cystic duct. The right gall bladder and cystic duct were grossly normal. The ruptured gall bladder was repaired, the gallstones were removed via a choledochotomy of the left cystic duct and a choledochoduodenostomy was created from the dilated left cystic duct. The cat remained depressed and anorexic, and it was euthanased 72 hours postoperatively at the owners' request. This is the first ante-mortem investigation of extrahepatic biliary disease associated with gall bladder duplication in the cat.  相似文献   

6.
A 4.5-year-old, Holstein-Friesian cow presented with a 1-month history of severe exercise intolerance. Rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography revealed a large mass in the left retroperitoneum. The heart rate was 70 to 80/min. Premature ventricular complexes and ventricular bigeminy were present on an electrocardiogram. Erythrocytosis was present and blood gas analysis revealed marked hypoxaemia. An echocardiogram demonstrated a large ventricular septal defect, a partially dextroposed aorta, and concentric hypertrophy of the right ventricular free wall. Colour flow Doppler echocardiography and a contrast echocardiographic study demonstrated a right-to-left shunt through the ventricular septal defect. Eisenmenger's complex was diagnosed. The patient was euthanased. Necropsy confirmed the gross cardiac lesions identified by echocardiography and an abscess in the apex of the left ventricle. Severe pulmonary arterial lesions were present, consistent with a marked increased in pulmonary vascular resistance. Actinomyces pyogenes was cultured from abscesses of the retroperitoneum and the ventricular apex.  相似文献   

7.
A 10-week-old Labrador Retriever was examined because of a swelling above the left eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed a tubular, light-pink, slightly raised lesion of the left conjunctiva that extended from the limbus to the fornix and into the dorsal eyelid. The lesion affected the entire margin of the dorsal eyelid and extended 2 cm dorsal to the eyelid margin. With compression of the left jugular vein, the exophthalmos worsened immediately and the subconjunctival and eyelid lesion enlarged. Results of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and contrast venography were consistent with a diagnosis of an orbital varix. Coil embolization was elected for treatment of the varix to prevent the pain and morbidity associated with an orbitotomy. Coils were introduced through a 22-gauge IV catheter inserted through the upper eyelid into the varix. The only complication was moderately severe orbital swelling. The owners reported that the lesion had resolved by 2 weeks after coil embolization.  相似文献   

8.
A 9‐week‐old female Rhodesian Ridgeback presented with exophthalmos following minor blunt trauma to the left orbital area. Ocular ultrasound showed an extraconal retrobulbar mass ventromedial to the left globe. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a thrombosed orbital vascular malformation without intracranial extension. Doppler ultrasound features of nonpulsatile slow flow were consistent with an orbital varix. Contrast‐enhanced dynamic time‐resolved and high‐resolution MR angiography demonstrated the varix arose from the anastomotic branch of the dorsal and ventral external ophthalmic veins. Conservative management led to a positive outcome defined as a visual eye and nearly normal cosmetic appearance at 8‐month follow‐up.  相似文献   

9.
The purpose of this report was to discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of a cat with an orbital lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma. A 14.5‐year‐old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for a firm swelling at the left dorsotemporal orbital rim. The orbital mass was excised with preservation of the globe, and adjunctive cryotherapy was performed. A definitive diagnosis of lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma was obtained after histopathologic evaluation and histochemical staining with periodic acid–Schiff and mucicarmine. Thirteen months postoperatively, tumor regrowth occurred with a much larger osteolytic lesion, and a second surgery was performed consisting of tumor excision with implantation of carboplatin‐impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads. The cat has remained free of recurrence 11 months after the second surgery (26 months after initial diagnosis and surgery). A feline orbital lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma was successfully managed utilizing globe‐preserving surgical excision with adjunctive cryotherapy and subsequent carboplatin‐impregnated bead implantation. Orbital lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma in cats may not be as aggressive as other forms of periocular, head, and neck adenocarcinomas.  相似文献   

10.
A small-cell carcinoma of the lung was identified in a six-year-old female German shepherd dog with a history of chronic lameness of the left forelimb, Horner's syndrome and sensory deficits on the caudal portion of the left forelimb below the elbow. A mass, the exact location of which was difficult to ascertain, was identified during radiographic examination of the thorax. It was easily identified, using magnetic resonance imaging, as an apical tumour of the left lung with dorsal extension and involvement of paraspinal structures, such as spinal nerve roots C8 to T1 and the sympathetic trunk. Postmortem examination confirmed a mass in the left apical lobe of the lung, compatible with a diagnosis of small-cell carcinoma by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. This clinical presentation is similar to Pancoast syndrome described in humans.  相似文献   

11.
A 2-year-old, male Weimaraner presented with acute-onset nonaxial exophthalmos with dorsal deviation of the left globe. Periorbital swelling, pain and a profuse purulent ocular discharge were present on the left side. A draining sinus tract was present in the left ventral conjunctival fornix and another in the left pterygopalatine fossa. The right eye was normal on complete ophthalmic examination. Orbital ultrasonography revealed large, double, linear, parallel echogenic bands with shadowing present in the ventrolateral aspect of the left orbit suggestive of a foreign body. Deformation of the posterior segment was also present. Removal of the orbital foreign body was attempted under ultrasound guidance via the discharging sinuses in the ventral conjunctival fornix and the pterygopalatine fossa. Neither approach was successful; however, a small amount of organic material was retrieved confirming the diagnosis of orbital foreign body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a linear foreign body of 8 x 1.5 x 0.8 cm extending from the orbit to the level of the oropharynx. A modified lateral orbitotomy with zygomatic arch resection on the left side allowed removal of the wooden foreign body.  相似文献   

12.
A 7 yr old mixed-breed dog was presented with a choroidal melanoma of the left eye that had penetrated the sclera, producing an orbital mass. Bradycardia was detected on auscultation. The bradycardia resolved after exenteration of the orbit and was therefore presumed to be associated with the oculocardiac reflex.  相似文献   

13.
A 6‐year‐old neutered male German Shepherd‐mixed breed with a 2‐month history of bilateral conjunctival hyperemia, epiphora, and a firm, slowly progressive swelling of the medial canthal region of the left eye (OS) was examined. Ophthalmic examination OS revealed a firm and smooth mass, extending from the medial canthus toward the medial orbital wall. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed indentation of the nasal part OS, which corresponded to the position of the orbital mass. Orbital neoplastic diseases were the main differential considerations. Computerized tomography revealed a bony smooth orbital mass without bone destructive features. Biopsy was performed, and histologic features were suggestive of osteoma. Systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory (NSAID) drugs resulted in complete mass regression and absence of clinical signs for 5 years following initial diagnosis. This report describes the first case of canine orbital osteoma, which was responsive to NSAIDs.  相似文献   

14.
Objective We present a unique case of a feline orbital extraskeletal osteosarcoma that developed 5 years post‐enucleation. History In 2002, an ophthalmologist enucleated the left eye of a 2‐year‐old neutered male DSH and submitted it to the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW). COPLOW diagnosed the left eye with feline diffuse iris melanoma. In June 2007, the cat presented to another veterinarian for moderate swelling of the enucleation site. Palpation suggested a firm mass along the lateral orbital rim and an exploratory orbitotomy revealed a cyst with a mass adhered to it and the ventrolateral orbital rim. The cyst and mass were excised by the veterinarian and submitted to COPLOW. COPLOW diagnosed the tissue as an orbital conjunctival inclusion cyst and an acquired orbital osteosarcoma. Conclusions Following the enucleation, retained conjunctival epithelium became embedded in the connective tissue of the orbit and caused a cyst to develop. The cyst wall consisted of a myofibroblastic collagen‐rich matrix and acted as a nidus of chronic irritation and tumor growth. This orbital osteosarcoma resembles feline vaccine‐associated sarcomas (VAS), feline post‐traumatic ocular sarcomas, and microchip‐associated sarcomas in terms of it histopathology and its hypothesized pathogenesis related to exposure to antigenic material such as implanted epithelium, lens protein, vaccine components, and microchips as foreign bodies.  相似文献   

15.
A 12-year-old Thoroughbred gelding exhibited a unilateral exophthalmos on the left side. There had been no other clinical symptoms, such as rhinorrhea, before the first consultation. Clinical, hematologic, plasma biochemical, cytologic, and computed tomography (CT) examinations and complete necropsy were performed. These examinations did not reveal neoplastic lesions. CT images suggested that maxillary and frontal sinuses may have been filled with fluid. Cytologic and pathologic examinations revealed that the maxillary and orbital bones were pushed up with a large amount of the inflammatory fluid effused by chronic sinusitis. The CT and cytologic examinations were of great use for differential diagnosis in this case. This was an unusual case of exophthalmos induced by deformation of the orbital bones resulting from chronic sinusitis.  相似文献   

16.
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17.
A 2‐year‐old neutered male European short‐haired cat was presented for a persistent discharge from the scar of previous left eye enucleation, performed 6 months prior by the referring veterinarian. A surgical exploration of the orbit was performed and retained nictitating membrane glandular and conjunctival tissues were removed. Eleven days later, the cat developed an orbital pneumatosis caused by retrograde movement of air through a patent nasolacrimal system and diagnosed by survey radiographic examination of the skull. Nasolacrimal system patency was assessed by dacryocystography performed by injection of iodinated contrast medium under pressure into the orbital cavity. Computed tomography dacryocystography confirmed the radiographic findings. The condition resolved following dacryocystography, possibly as an inflammatory response to the contrast medium. To our knowledge, this is the first case of orbital pneumatosis reported in a cat.  相似文献   

18.
A 3-year-old Thoroughbred gelding presented with acute signs of colic and tachycardia. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a viscus visible on the left and right sides of the cranioventral abdomen with a mural thickness of up to 1.6 cm. Exploratory laparotomy was performed under general anaesthesia. This revealed that the caecum was incarcerated through a rent in the gastrosplenic ligament, and the caecal apex was in the left caudal abdomen. The ventral aspect of the gastrosplenic ligament was ligated and transected. The caecum was freed, and normal orientation confirmed. The horse recovered uneventfully from surgery. Caecal mural thickness was monitored using daily ultrasonography, until normal. The horse was discharged from the hospital 11 days post-operatively. Five months later, the horse returned to race training.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To report ventroaxial luxation of the apex of the left or right corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage under the contralateral corniculate process during resting endoscopic examination, and morphologic features of the larynx of 1 affected horse. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Horses (n=8). METHODS: Horses had endoscopic examination as part of a survey of Clydesdale horses (n=7), or investigation of poor performance in Thoroughbred horses (1). One Clydesdale was euthanatized and the larynx examined; 4 cadaver larynges from normal horses were also examined. RESULTS: Ventroaxial luxation of the apex of the left or right corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage was not detected during quiet breathing but was induced by swallowing or nasal occlusion. Prevalence in Clydesdales was 5.2% (7/133). A Thoroughbred with identical endoscopic appearance of the larynx at rest had progressive ventroaxial luxation of the apex of the arytenoid cartilage during high-speed treadmill endoscopy, associated with abnormal respiratory noise. Necropsy examination of an affected Clydesdale larynx revealed an excessively wide (10 mm) transverse arytenoid ligament that allowed easy separation of the apices of the corniculate processes. In normal cadaver larynges, the apices could not be separated with abaxial traction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The clinical relevance of this laryngeal observation in resting horses is unclear. Ventroaxial luxation of the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage during induced swallowing or nasal occlusion in resting horses or during high-speed treadmill exercise may be caused by an abnormally wide transverse arytenoid ligament.  相似文献   

20.
A 10‐year‐old, castrated male domestic short hair cat was presented to the Small Animal Clinic at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine with a presenting complaint of chronic, ocular discharge from the left eye. Ocular examination confirmed epiphora and mucopurulent discharge but there were no apparent reasons for the ocular discharge, and nasolacrimal obstruction was suspected. The cat had swelling of the left side of the face, severe periodontal disease and a fractured upper left canine tooth with pulpal exposure. Dacryocystorhinography revealed narrowing of the nasolacrimal duct above the root of the fractured upper left canine and dental radiographs showed a severe periapical lucency at the apex of the upper left canine tooth. The fractured canine tooth was removed. Subsequently, the ocular discharge and facial swelling resolved. After 2 years, the epiphora has never reoccurred. This is a noteworthy case because a suspected root abscess resulted in extralumenal compression of the nasolacrimal duct, which shows the importance of a thorough oral examination when nasolacrimal obstruction is evident.  相似文献   

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