共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Maxine M. Thompson 《Euphytica》1977,26(2):465-474
Summary A filbert breeding program was initiated at Oregon State University in 1969 to develop improved cultivars for the Pacific Northwest. Nut traits were evaluated in parents and progenies and the first published inheritance data for this crop species are presented. Correlation coefficients of progeny means and mid-parent values are 0.92 for percent kernel, 0.84 for nut weight, 0.68 for amount of fiber on pellicle, 0.89 for kernel shrinkage, 0.70 for number of nuts per cluster, and 0.34 for estimated husk length. It is concluded that all but one of the evaluated traits is highly heritable and that additive gene action is principally responsible.Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper No. 4390. 相似文献
2.
Mapping major genes and quantitative trait loci controlling agronomic traits in almond 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Six tree traits (self-compatibility, blooming date, blooming density, productivity, leafing date and ripening time) and five pomological traits (kernel taste, in-shell weight, shell hardness, kernel weight and double kernel) were studied in an F1 almond progeny of 167 seedlings from the cross between the French cultivar 'R1000' and the Spanish cultivar 'Desmayo Largueta'. In addition, a set of 135 codominant microsatellites or simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from peach, cherry and almond were used for the molecular characterization of the progeny. A genetic linkage map was constructed with 56 of these SSRs. Cosegregation analysis allowed the identification of the map positions of two major genes to be confirmed for kernel taste ( Sk ) in linkage group five (G5) and for self-incompatibility ( S ) in G6. QTLs mapped include two for leafing date ( Lf-Q1 and Lf-Q2 ) in G1 and G4, one for shell hardness ( D-Q ) in G2, one each for double kernel ( Dk-Q ) and productivity ( P-Q ) in G4, one for blooming date ( Lb-Q ) in G4, two for kernel weight ( Kw-Q1 and Kw-Q2 ) in G1 and G4, and two for in-shell weight ( Shw-Q1 and Shw-Q2 ) in G1 and G2. Four SSR loci (BPPCT011, UDP96-013, UDP96-003 and PceGA025) were linked to the important agronomic traits of leafing date, shell hardness, blooming date and kernel taste. Finally, the development of efficient marker-assisted selection strategies applied to almond and other Prunus breeding programmes was also discussed. 相似文献
3.
为了选育适宜桂西南地区的优良栽培品种,深入探讨澳洲坚果农艺性状与产量的关系。以50株澳洲坚果资源为材料,对其果实性状进行相关分析和通径分析。结果表明：（1）带皮果鲜重与鲜壳果重、干壳果重呈显著相关,说明三者越重,澳洲坚果果实产量越高;出仁率与果仁厚呈显著正相关,而与鲜壳果重、干壳果重呈显著负相关,说明果实越大,就会有更多光合产物分配到果壳中。（2）通径分析结果表明：单个鲜壳果重对出仁率为正向效应,鲜壳果重对果实产量和出仁率的贡献最大,鲜壳果重每增加1个标准单位,会使出仁率增加 0.5315个标准单位。因此,选育澳洲坚果优良品种,育种时要着重关注单果重、每果出仁率等性状。 相似文献
4.
Hamid Yaghini Maryam Shirani Azin Archangi Karim Sorkheh Sajad Badfar Chaleshtori Seyed Ehsan Sangi Mahmood Khodambashi Farahnaz Tavakoli 《Euphytica》2013,194(3):305-324
Nineteen agrochemical traits of 20 almond inter-specific backcrosses progenies were evaluated and compared for three consequence years to find out their phenotypic diversity and determine the relationships of fruit quality traits in almond × peach backcrosses breeding progenies. The variation was observed for traits of phenology parameters (blooming time, ripening time), Physical parameters (fruit weight, width, height, shape, thickness, skin pubescences, colour and flower type), chemical parameters (total sugar content, soluble solids content and acidity) and sensory parameters (attractiveness, taste, and flavor) and yield. Many fruit characteristics that are important to breeders are present in this collection. A high variability was found in the evaluated almond progenies and significant differences were found among them in all studied quality attributes. Year-by-year variations were observed for majority of traits. A significant correlation was found among the fruit height, fruit width, skin pubescences and yield. Fruit height showed a significant positive correlation with fruit weight and fruit thickness and some other traits and a negative correlation with the titratable acidity, skin pubescences and fruit flavour. A high negative correlation was found between the fruit weight and titratable acidity (?0.8). Low coefficients were got between the flower colour and skin pubescences. In addition, principal component analysis it possible to established similar groups of genotypes depending on their quality characteristics and to study relationships among pomological traits in almond progenies evaluated. 相似文献
5.
Mallikarjuna K. Aradhya Dianne Velasco Ji‐Rui Wang Ramesh Ramasamy Frank M. You Chuck Leslie Abhaya Dandekar Ming‐Cheng Luo Jan Dvorak 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(5):635-646
A genetic linkage map of walnut containing 2,220 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 16 linkage groups (LGs) was constructed using an F1 mapping population from a cross between “Chandler” and “Idaho,” two contrasting heterozygous parents. Five quantitative yield traits, lateral fruitfulness, harvest date and three nut traits (shell thickness, nut weight and kernel fill) were then mapped on to linkage groups. A significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) in LG 11 with negative additive effects suggested heterozygote superiority in the expression of lateral bearing. A set of three QTLs explaining ~10% of the variation in harvest date was located in LG 1. Shell thickness, nut weight and kernel fill were under the control of two to three linked pleiotropic QTLs in LG 1 segregating from “Idaho.” The marginal positive additive effects of QTLs for harvest date, shell thickness and nut weight and small negative additive effects for kernel fill suggested that the QTLs had a marginal effect on the expression of these traits. 相似文献
6.
米苦荞果壳率及其相关性状的遗传研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以薄壳黑米荞BRT2016-1和迟开裂型黑米荞BRT2016-2为母本、厚壳不落粒野苦荞WT2016-1和长黑粒苦荞T2016-1为父本,组配成3类杂交组合（A、B、C）,对杂交组合F2和F3群体果壳率、粒长、粒宽、粒重、果仁重、粒长/粒宽（长/宽）6个目标性状进行广义遗传力、狭义遗传力、相关性和通径分析。结果表明,各组合果壳率广义遗传力平均为0.71,组合间变幅为0.42~0.91;狭义遗传力平均为0.18,组合间变幅为0.07~0.27;广义遗传力与狭义遗传力数值相差极大。与果壳率相关的5个目标性状（粒长、粒宽、粒重、果仁重、长/宽）组合间的广义遗传力分别为0.84、0.89、0.90、0.78、0.71,狭义遗传力分别为0.32、0.30、0.25、0.21、0.28。相关性分析表明,果壳率与粒长、粒宽、粒重的平均正相关性均达显著水平,其中,F2植株中,平均相关系数依次为0.077、0.145、0.099;F3家系中,平均相关系数分别为0.177、0.253、0.428。果壳率与果仁重在组合A和组合C中呈负相关关系,果仁重越大,果壳率越小。通径分析表明,粒重和果仁重对果壳率直接效应最大,前者为正效应,后者为负效应,两个性状5个组合的F2植株平均直接效应分别为4.072、-4.087,平均间接效应分别为5.574、-5.570,F3家系平均直接效应分别为1.284、-1.251,平均间接效应分别为2.526、-2.524,且间接效应均大于直接效应。因此,低果壳率的选择应着重考虑粒重、果仁重两个性状的效应,且需兼顾粒长、粒宽、长/宽性状的选择。 相似文献
7.
为研究徐海鸡蛋品质性状间的内在关系,随机测定徐海鸡40周龄蛋品质,并运用典型相关分析对蛋内部品质性状和蛋壳品质性状的12个变量进行分析。结果表明：徐海鸡蛋重、蛋黄重和蛋白高度与大部分性状均呈显著或极显著相关,除蛋形指数外其余蛋壳品质性状也与大部分性状呈显著或极显著相关。典型相关分析结果表明徐海鸡蛋内部品质性状和蛋壳品质性状的第1个典型相关达到极显著水平（P<0.01）,相关系数为0.8552,其相关信息占两组性状间总信息的79.67%,其中起主要作用的性状包括蛋白高度和蛋壳厚度。该研究结果对徐海鸡的选育利用具有指导意义。 相似文献
8.
Heritability, variance components and correlation of morphological and phenological traits in hazelnut 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Most traits of interest in hazelnut are quantitative, yet there is little information available on heritability, variance components, or correlations. In this study, 13 morphological and four phenological traits were observed for 3 years on 41 parental genotypes, and for 2 years on seed‐lings representing 35 progenies. Narrow‐sense heritability estimates obtained by regression of offspring means on midparent values were all high, ranging from 0.56 for amount of kernel fibre to 0.89 for nut depth. Data on the parent genotypes was used to analyse variance components and showed that genotypic variance accounted for most of the phenotypic variance for all traits, and there was very little variation among trees within genotypes. Genotype‐year interaction accounted for only a very small part of the phenotypic variance for most traits, and changes in genotype rank were few and minor. Thus, selection based on genotype means is appropriate. The largest genotype‐year interaction components were observed for time of nut maturity, time of stigma exsertion, time of catkin elongation, number of nuts per cluster and amount of kernel fibre. For these five traits, evaluation over a period of years is advised. Correlation coefficients were large and positive for four nut size traits, indicating some redundancy in these measurements. Three of the phenological traits (time of stigma exsertion, time of catkin elongation, and time of leaf budbreak) were also highly and positively correlated. A large genetic correlation (0.44 < r < 0.73) was noted between good blanching and early phenology (catkin elongation, stigma exsertion and leaf budbreak), although plots of individual seedling values showed a large degree of scattering. Genetic correlations also indicated that seedlings with small nuts also tend to have compressed nuts, short husks and catkins that elongate later, but plots of individual seedling values showed large scattering. Correlations among the six traits directly related to the objectives of the Oregon State University hazelnut breeding programme (kernel weight, per cent kernel, nut shape index, blanching ability, relative husk length and nut maturity) were very low, indicating that they can be handled as independent traits. 相似文献
9.
为了给核桃优良性状选种提供理论依据,于2012年对‘西林3号’、‘香玲’、‘西扶1号’和‘契可’的物候期进行观察,并于9月采集果实后对这4个品种的单果重、坚果横径、坚果纵径、缝合线径、硬壳厚度和仁重进行变异系数、相关性和主成分分析。结果表明：只有‘契可’是雌先型核桃品种,‘西林3号’、‘香玲’、‘西扶1号’都为雄先型。通过对经济性状综合指标研究发现,‘香玲’品种的经济性状较其他3个品种更适合推广销售。以性状的累积方差贡献率达到80.971%确定了3个反映核桃主要经济性状的主成分,并通过计算品系的重要主成分值,对供试品系进行比较,进而选择综合经济性状优良的品系,其结果与品系的实际表现型相近似。表明,用主成分分析法对核桃主要经济性状综合评选较科学、简便。 相似文献
10.
Walnut (Juglans regia L.), is one of the main economic fruit species in the world and is rich in nutritious substances. In order to obtain superior walnut genotypes, a set of seedling walnut genotypes were evaluated and their results were recorded. The range of nut length was between 25.57 and 47.77 mm. Also, the ranges of nut weight, kernel weight and kernel percentage varied from 5.35 to 21.31 g, 2.49 to 11.15 g and 37.27 to 66.29%, respectively. Simple correlation analysis showed significant positive and negative correlations between some of the measured traits. Principal component analysis reduced the evaluated traits into the seven main components, which explained 71.71% of the total variance. Bi-plot analysis performed using the first two components, distributed the genotypes into four sides of the plot. Based on the present results, a high variation was observed among the trees, indicating a high potential of the studied germplasm to select the superior genotypes. According to the present research, 57 genotypes with having the highest nut weight and kernel weight, as well as bright color of the kernel, were recognized as superior genotypes and can be used to establish the new orchards or improve cultivars. 相似文献
11.
徐海长距鸡体尺性状与屠宰性状间的典型相关分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探明徐海长距鸡体尺性状和屠宰性状间的相关关系,在体重接近的情况下随机选取13周龄徐海长距鸡24只（12只公鸡,12只母鸡）进行体尺性能和屠宰性能测定,对各性状进行简单相关分析,并运用典型相关分析对各体尺性状和屠宰性状进行分析。结果表明：徐海长距鸡胫围、胫长、体斜长与大部分性状均呈显著或极显著相关;除肌胃重外其余屠宰性状间均显著或极显著相关。典型相关分析结果表明：徐海长距鸡第一对典型相关系数为0.967,达到了极显著水平,占总相关信息72.6%。在两组性状中起主要作用的为胫长、胸宽、半净膛重、屠体重。本研究结果对徐海长距鸡的早期选育具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
12.
13.
淮南麻黄鸡蛋品质性状相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对526个淮南麻黄鸡鸡蛋进行了蛋品质测定,并对其进行了相关性分析。结果表明,淮南麻黄鸡30周龄平均蛋重为43.49±2.79 g、蛋形指数为1.28±0.05、蛋壳厚度为0.42±0.03 mm、蛋壳强度为4.75±0.80 kg/cm2、蛋黄色泽为5.85±1.03、哈氏单位平均为85.06±5.29、蛋黄比率为31.53%±3.00%。蛋壳颜色以粉色为主,所占比例分别为69.0%。相关分析表明,蛋重与蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度与蛋壳强度、蛋黄色泽与哈氏单位、哈氏单位与蛋黄比率之间呈极显著相关（P<0.01）,蛋重与蛋壳厚度呈显著相关（P<0.05）。总体而言,淮南麻黄鸡有较好的蛋品质,在今后蛋品质遗传改良中,应该以提高蛋重为主,并考虑其它指标的相关性。 相似文献
14.
Karim Sorkheh Behrouz Shiran T. M. Gradziel B. K. Epperson Pedro Martínez-Gómez E. Asadi 《Euphytica》2007,156(3):327-344
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is a rapid and efficient method for producing DNA fingerprints and
molecular characterization. Our objectives were to: estimate genetic similarities (GS), marker indices, and polymorphic information
contents (PICs) for AFLP markers in almond cultivars; assess the genetic diversity of almond cultivars and wild species, using
GS estimated from AFLP fingerprints and molecular characterization; and facilitate the use of markers in inter-specific introgression
and cultivar improvement. The genetic diversity of 45 almond cultivars from Iran, Europe, and America, were studied assaying
19 primer combinations. In addition, several agronomic traits were evaluated, including flowering and maturity times, self-incompatibility,
and kernel and fruit properties. Out of the 813 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 781 (96.23%) were polymorphic.
GS ranged from 0.5 to 0.96, marker indices ranged from 51.37 to 78.79, and PICs ranged from 0.56 to 0.86. Results allowed
the unique molecular identification of all assayed genotypes. However, the correlation between genetic similarity clustering
as based on AFLP and clustering for agronomic traits was low. Cluster analysis based on AFLP data clearly differentiated the
genotypes and wild species according to their origin and pedigree, whereas, cluster analysis based on agronomic data differentiated
according the pomological characterization. Our results showed the great genetic diversity of the almond cultivars and their
interest for almond breeding. 相似文献
15.
本研究采用遗传模型预测的方法，探究玉米轴部性状的遗传机理，以期为育种家指明育种方向，提高育种效率。以FBHJ和MBUB两亲本组配的含390个家系的F2群体为材料，利用植物数量分离分析软件包中的F2单世代分析方法，对其穗轴长、粒长、穗轴粗、粒宽、穗轴重、百粒重、粒厚等7个轴部相关性状进行数量遗传分析、相关分析以及回归分析。结果表明，穗轴粗、粒长、粒宽3个性状最适遗传模型为A-0，即无主基因遗传；穗轴重和粒厚受2对主基因控制，主基因存在加性-显性-上位性，符合B-1模型；穗轴长和百粒重由1对主效基因控制，最适模型分别为A-1、A-3，各模型主基因遗传率介于28.37%～59.11%，其中百粒重性状的遗传率最大。各性状均与百粒重呈极显著正相关。百粒重(Y)对其他农艺性状的回归方程为Y=-57.126+0.176X1+3.069X2+2.890X3+5.108X4，拟合度为0.723。通径分析中粒宽的间接作用和粒长的直接作用表现最大。这一研究结果为玉米轴部性状的遗... 相似文献
16.
摘要：以17个银杏无性系种核为研究材料,对种核的形态特征、营养成分、药用成分进行了系统的研究。结果表明:(1)17个银杏无性系种核的核长、核宽、核厚、长宽比和单核重均达极显著差异水平,单核重与核长、核厚存在显著相关关系,与核宽存在极显著相关关系;(2)17个银杏无性系种核的蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、总黄酮含量和总内酯含量等指标的差异均达显著水平,种核长度与蛋白质含量,单核重与淀粉含量之间存在显著相关关系;(3)以银杏种核的形态特征、营养成分含量和药用成分含量为指标,将17个参试银杏无性系分成3类。 相似文献
17.
为了研究玉米穗部性状的分离特征,采用玉米杂交种‘先玉335’的双亲‘PH6WC’、‘PH4CV’和‘郑单958’的双亲‘郑58’、‘昌7-2’杂交组配了四交F2分离群体,对11个穗部性状进行了表型鉴定,并对其进行了相关分析和通径分析。结果显示：穗部各性状变异系数较大,变异系数为7.68%~96.27%,尤其秃尖长变异系数达到了96.27%;穗粒重与穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、粒长、粒厚、轴粗、百粒重呈极显著或显著正相关;行粒数、百粒重、穗行数、穗长和粒厚对穗粒重的直接通径系数为较大正效应,而粒宽和秃尖长为较大负效应。本研究可为玉米穗部性状的改良提供参考。 相似文献
18.
为了探究梨形环棱螺各形态性状与体质量的相关性及影响体质量的因素组成,随机选取太湖野生群体、阳澄湖野生群体、江阴养殖群体共698个个体,测量梨形环棱螺壳高(SH)、壳宽(SW)、壳口高(AH)、壳口宽(AW)、体螺层高(BWH)、体质量(BW),并鉴定其性别,采用相关与通径分析方法进行分析,为梨形环棱螺人工繁育和品系选育提供理论依据和测度指标。结果表明:不同群体的壳高、壳宽、壳口高、壳口宽、体螺层高、体质量及性别比均存在显著性差异。决定系数分析表明不同群体梨形环棱螺影响体质量的主要形态性状并不相同,但不同群体中壳高对体质量的相关系数和直接作用均最大,是影响体质量的主要因素。 相似文献
19.
A practical method for almond cultivar identification and parental analysis using simple sequence repeat markers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Early and accurate identification of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] cultivars is critical to commercial growers and nurseries. Previously published simple sequence repeat
loci were examined for their ability to distinguish commonly grown almond cultivars. Twelve highly polymorphic loci were selected
for their ability to uniquely identify a set of 18 almond cultivars commonly grown in California, many of which are closely
related. These markers also allow an accurate assessment of parent/progeny relationships among cultivars. This system can
reliably identify at an early stage of development all major California almond cultivars in current production. 相似文献
20.
To estimate heritability and inbreeding in grazing‐type lucerne, 14 parent genotypes and their half‐sib and selfed progeny were grown under spaced‐plant conditions. Dry‐matter weight (four cuts), plant height, basal plant diameter, stem density, and late‐autumn vegetation were recorded on a plant basis. Genetic coefficients of variation for the three germplasm groups, and broad‐sense heritability on a plot basis for parents were computed from variance component estimates; narrow‐sense heritability was estimated from progeny‐parent regression. Genetic variation was generally greater among selfed than half‐sib progeny. Broad‐sense heritability was high, while narrow‐sense heritability was much lower for all traits except plant diameter. Inbreeding effects, assessed with comparison between parents and selfed progeny, were notable for plant weight and late‐autumn vegetation only. The high correlation coefficients computed between parents and either progeny suggested the equivalent value of self‐ and polycross‐progeny tests for selecting superior parents. 相似文献