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1.
革兰阴性菌外膜囊泡的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles,OMVs)是革兰阴性(G^-)菌从细胞膜上脱落下来的囊泡,携带有细菌的大量组分,如外膜蛋白、脂多糖、脱氧核糖核酸等。由于OMVs无活性、不能复制且具有免疫原性,所以被认为是最具潜力的亚单位疫苗,同时OMVs对细菌本身具有多种作用,故OMVs成为研究的热点。本文从G^-菌OMVs的组成成分、形成机制、生物学功能、提取纯化方法及其开发应用前景5个方面综述其研究现状,为G^-菌的致病机制研究、OMVs的疫苗开发应用提供技术指导。 相似文献
2.
【目的】探索布鲁氏菌外膜囊泡(OMVs)在亚单位疫苗上的应用前景,制备布鲁氏菌OMVs亚单位疫苗,评估布鲁氏菌OMVs的免疫原性。【方法】利用高速离心法制备羊种布鲁氏菌OMVs,通过透射电镜、SDS-PAGE和生物信息学分析对制备的OMVs进行形态和组分分析;使用纳米佐剂(LDH)和弗氏佐剂乳化OMVs后免疫小鼠,通过间接ELISA方法检测免疫后7、14、21、28和35 d小鼠血清中的特异性抗体,利用小鼠IgG ELISA检测试剂盒检测免疫后小鼠血清中IgG抗体水平,评估OMVs诱导产生的体液免疫水平;通过小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞分离与细胞因子白细胞介素4(IL-4)和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)测定及小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的流式细胞术测定评估OMVs免疫小鼠的细胞免疫水平。【结果】成功提取并纯化了布鲁氏菌OMVs,其直径大小为20～160 nm。生物信息学分析结果显示,OMVs主要组成蛋白OMP25、OMP31、OMP16、OMP19、BP26及SOD均属于亲水性蛋白和抗原性蛋白,且存在多个B细胞和T细胞优势抗原表位。与PBS组相比,OMVs免疫小鼠后,不同佐剂组均可诱导小鼠产生高水平的特异... 相似文献
3.
《中国兽医学报》2020,(2):339-344
TolC是革兰阴性细菌一种外膜通道蛋白,参与细菌应对外界不利环境的耐受,沙门菌TolC蛋白作为免疫原对动物沙门菌感染的保护效果优良,具有潜在的应用价值。目前,迟缓爱德华菌(Edwardsiella tarda,E.tarda)该蛋白的研究尚未见有报道,本研究以E.tarda TolC蛋白作为研究对象,原核表达并纯化TolC蛋白,进一步通过动物试验确定该蛋白具有较强的免疫原性,免疫动物对致病性E.tarda ET-13强毒株感染具有较高的抵抗力。结果表明,E.tarda TolC蛋白具有较强的免疫原性和潜在的疫苗价值,为进一步研制E.tarda亚单位疫苗提供理论资料。 相似文献
4.
旨在探究副猪格拉瑟菌(Glaesserella parasuis,GPS)突破猪呼吸道上皮屏障引起系统性感染的机制。通过超速离心和密度梯度离心提取副猪格拉瑟菌外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles, OMVs),OMVs经SDS-PAGE显示，蛋白质条带分布在55～100 ku,经透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察，OMVs的粒径在100～200 nm,纳米粒子直径分析(NTA)结果显示，样品在100～200 nm处的粒子数目最多。进而用制备的HbpA及OmpP2多克隆抗体对OMVs及不含OMVs的细菌上清进行Western blot验证，证实所提取的样品为外膜囊泡，且进一步结果证明细胞致死性膨胀毒素(CDT)在GPS培养物中主要以OMVs的形式存在。用OMVs或CdtB处理猪气管上皮细胞(swine tracheal epithelial cells, STEC)36 h,检测STEC中cleaved-caspase3、ZO-1和Occludin的蛋白表达水平，并用FITC-葡聚糖(FD-4)检测STEC单层细胞的细胞旁通透性。结果发现，OMVs与CdtB处理后凋亡相关蛋... 相似文献
5.
《中国预防兽医学报》2020,(6)
wzx/wzy是调控革兰氏阴性菌O抗原合成的主要途径,对细菌的生存、代谢乃至致病性均具有重要作用。为研究该基因簇中wzxE基因对鸡白痢沙门氏菌致病性的影响,本研究通过同源重组方法构建了鸡白痢沙门氏菌参考菌株ATCC19945的wzxE基因缺失菌株(ATCC19945 ΔwzxE),通过生长特性试验、应激试验、细菌蛋清存活能力测定、1日龄雏鸡感染试验对比基因缺失突变株与野生菌株、回补株的生物学特性及分析WzxE蛋白功能。结果显示,wzxE基因缺失并未影响白痢沙门菌的生长特性。应激试验显示,wzxE基因缺失会导致鸡白痢沙门菌在酸性和H_2O_2处理条件下生存能力的显著下降,回补之后得到明显回复。细菌蛋清存活能力检测结果显示,wzxE基因缺失株较野毒株在蛋清内的存活能力下降明显,回补之后存活能力显著增强。1日龄雏鸡感染试验结果显示,鸡白痢沙门菌ATCC19945野生菌株、wzxE基因缺失株和回补株对雏鸡的半数致死量分别为1. 65×10~8cfu、4. 67×10~8cfu和3. 43×10~8cfu,毒力下降不明显。提取鸡白痢沙门菌参考株和缺失株LPS,经SDS-PAGE后银染检测显示,wzxE缺失不影响鸡白痢沙门菌LPS总体成分构成,但影响特定LPS特定寡糖单位的含量。本研究为进一步阐释鸡白痢沙门氏菌细菌毒力的影响因素、疫苗开发奠定基础。 相似文献
6.
布鲁菌外膜蛋白及毒力因子研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
布鲁菌细胞膜的基本结构包括脂多糖和外膜蛋白,与细菌的毒力及免疫原性相关。文章描述了布鲁菌外膜蛋白分子结构的最新进展。该菌的外膜蛋白由第一组、第二组和第三组外膜蛋白构成。第一组外膜蛋白对维持布鲁菌外膜蛋白的结构起重要作用;第二组包括36 ku~38 ku外膜蛋白,为膜孔蛋白,由Omp2a和Omp2b基因编码,其中38 ku蛋白基因可能是一个与毒力相关的基因;第三组外膜蛋白包括31 ku和25 ku两个相关的蛋白,具有重要的免疫功能。31 ku蛋白属膜孔蛋白,25 ku蛋白还与毒力有关。文章也介绍了布鲁菌毒力因子研究的最新进展。 相似文献
7.
沙门菌(Salmonella)是一种人畜共患病病原菌，对人类和动物的健康具有重大影响，同时给畜牧业造成了重大经济损失，因此其致病机制的深入研究是目前亟待解决的问题。脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)位于沙门菌外膜，是一种重要的毒力因子，其结构的修饰会影响沙门菌免疫逃逸能力、抗性和毒力等多种特性。利用这一现象，人为修饰脂多糖后得到的突变体菌株可应用于沙门菌病的防控。此外，经修饰后的低毒性脂多糖因其具有免疫刺激性，因此可应用于疫苗佐剂。基于以上内容，本文将对沙门菌脂多糖的结构修饰及其效应、生物合成与转运、以及脂多糖的应用等方面进行综述，对于此研究进展的掌握有利于沙门菌致病机制的深入研究及沙门菌病的预防与控制。 相似文献
8.
大肠杆菌毒力因子研究概况 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
致病性大肠杆菌的毒力因子主要有黏附素、毒素、外膜蛋白 ( OMP)及铁转运系统等。在大肠杆菌侵袭宿主组织并引起其发病的过程中 ,这些毒力因子相互协调、发挥作用。文章对毒力因子的致病作用、致病机理、免疫原性及其在疾病防制中的应用几个方面的研究概况作了综述 ,为防制大肠杆菌病、研制新型高效的大肠杆菌疫苗提供了理论依据。另外 ,文章还介绍了近年来已相继研制成功的全菌体疫苗、纯化菌毛疫苗、单价或多价基因工程菌毛疫苗以及重组肠毒素双价基因工程苗、OMP亚单位疫苗等。展现了新型疫苗的研制 ,给防制大肠杆菌病带来了新的前景以及大肠杆菌作为工程菌的应用对畜禽其他疾病防制的推动作用 相似文献
9.
内毒素对猪只的影响及应对策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
内毒素是细菌的结构组成部分,它是革兰氏阴性菌细胞膜上的一部分,通常内毒素在使用抗生素杀灭细菌或当细菌被动物免疫系统消灭时,导致细菌裂解才释放出来。内毒素与磷脂及膜结合蛋白一起组成了细菌细胞外膜。内毒素的典型结构包括一个脂多糖（LPS）。这些脂多糖具有寄生生物一宿主相互作用的生物学特性。 相似文献
10.
胸膜肺炎放线杆菌主要毒力因子的致病性及其免疫原性研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
猪传染性胸膜肺炎（Porcine infectious pleuropneumonia)是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（Actinobacillus pleuropneumonicae,APP）引起的猪的呼吸道疾病，为了有效地控制本病，长期以来人们一直致力于研究高效，能提供强大保护力的疫苗，其中研究较多的是亚单位疫苗，人们发现把去除细胞的培养物上清液接种猪也可提供一定的保护力，于是对其中可能的毒力因子及具免疫原性的成分分别进行了分析，包括荚膜多糖，脂多糖内毒素，外膜蛋白，溶血素，转铁结合蛋白，蛋白酶以及所谓的渗透因子等。 相似文献
11.
疫苗佐剂是使疫苗免疫原性充分发挥的工具,目前动物疫苗佐剂主要以铝盐佐剂和油乳佐剂为主。近年来基因重组疫苗和亚单位疫苗发展迅猛,而这些新型疫苗与传统疫苗相比免疫原性较弱,这就对佐剂提出了更高的要求。当前针对佐剂的研究层出不穷,部分佐剂如MF59、AS01、AS03等已经在人用疫苗中成功应用,但应用于动物疫苗还有技术难题需要攻破。蜂胶佐剂目前在动物疫苗中应用较广,且已经占有了一定的市场份额。为充分比较现有新型疫苗佐剂的优缺点,为后续疫苗佐剂的研究提供参考,就目前广泛研究的新型动物疫苗佐剂进行综述。 相似文献
12.
Round table on control of Aujeszky's disease and vaccine development based on molecular biology. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M Pensaert A L Gielkens B Lomniczi T G Kimman P Vannier M Eloit 《Veterinary microbiology》1992,33(1-4):53-67
A summary is given on the 4 topics which were discussed during the round table and which represent current knowledge on the molecular biology of Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus. They include a review on 1. the genome and gene products of the virus; 2. the viral genes associated with virulence; 3. the immunological role of the viral gene products and 4. studies intended to compare the efficacy of several commercially available vaccines and to establish a possible correlation between antibodies against individual structural viral proteins and degree of protection. It was concluded that gI deleted vaccines appear to be the best choice for use in intensive vaccination programmes towards eradication of Aujeszky's disease virus. However, there remains a need for development of more potent vaccines which induce strong humoral and cell mediated immune responses and afford complete protection, virological protection included. It is often observed that live vaccine strains which are completely avirulent lose much capacity to replicate and spread within the vaccinated animal. It is, however, not excluded that a certain degree of dissemination may be needed to be fully efficacious. Loss of virulence may thus be accompanied by too much loss of immunogenicity. An improved genetic stability of live vaccine strains when they are obtained by genetic manipulation, possibly justifies a more widespread dissemination of the vaccine strain in the body compared to that with conventionally developed strains or compared to what is presently allowed. 相似文献
13.
Meyer G Deplanche M Schelcher F 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2008,31(2-3):191-225
Human (HRSV) and bovine (BRSV) respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) are two closely related viruses, which are the most important causative agents of respiratory tract infections of young children and calves, respectively. BRSV vaccines have been available for nearly 2 decades. They probably have reduced the prevalence of RSV infection but their efficacy needs improvement. In contrast, despite decades of research, there is no currently licensed vaccine for the prevention of HRSV disease. Development of a HRSV vaccine for infants has been hindered by the lack of a relevant animal model that develops disease, the need to immunize immunologically immature young infants, the difficulty for live vaccines to find the right balance between attenuation and immunogenicity, and the risk of vaccine-associated disease. During the past 15 years, intensive research into a HRSV vaccine has yielded vaccine candidates, which have been evaluated in animal models and, for some of them, in clinical trials in humans. Recent formulations have focused on subunit vaccines with specific CD4+ Th-1 immune response-activating adjuvants and on genetically engineered live attenuated vaccines. It is likely that different HRSV vaccines and/or combinations of vaccines used sequentially will be needed for the various populations at risk. This review discusses the recent advances in RSV vaccine development. 相似文献
14.
SHEN Yulong MEN Qianyun CHEN Tingting LI Zongshuai LI Haijiang YANG Yang ZHANG Yong ZHAO Xingxu 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(10):3389-3400
The aim of this study was to isolate Enterococcus in clinical dairy cow mastitis,detect its drug resistance and virulence genes,a total of 93 milk samples were collected from 41 dairy cosw with clinical mastitis in eastern,central and western regions of Gansu province,and then construct a prokaryotic expression vector for virulence genes.This experiment used selective medium to isolate and purify bacteria.16S rRNA and biochemical experiments combined method to identify the isolated strains.16 antibiotics were selected for drug sensitivity test,and conventional PCR method was used to detect the carrying of 11 virulence genes.Finally,the detected virulence genes with immunogenicity were selected for the construction of prokaryotic expression vectors.The separation and identification results showed that 18 strains of Enterococcus were isolated and identified from the 93 milk samples,which were divided into 9 species.Drug susceptibility results showed that most of the isolates were multiple resistant to bacteria,accounting for 88.89%.No vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was found,vancomycin sensitivity rate was 94.12%,and all isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic.Virulence gene test results demonstrated that 11 virulence genes were detected,the detection rate of cob gene (44.44%) was the highest,the detection rates of efaA,hyl,ccf and esp genes were 33.33%,27.78%,27.78% and 22.22% respectively,the detection rates of Asa1,cylA,EF3314 and gelE genes were all 16.67%,while Ace and cylM genes had the lowest detection rate (11.11%).The virulence genes combination was different due to different strains.Ace and gelE genes with immunogenicity were selected and the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a-Ace and pET32a-gelE were successfully constructed.The results provided basic data and biological materials for subsequent mapping of regional epidemiology of cow mastitis in three regions and preparation of corresponding antibodies and subunit vaccines. 相似文献
15.
为分离临床型奶牛乳房炎中的肠球菌,检测其耐药性和携带毒力基因的情况,本试验采集了甘肃省东、中和西部3个地区41头临床型乳房炎奶牛的奶样93份,并构建了肠球菌毒力基因的原核表达载体。试验使用选择性培养基分离纯化肠球菌,16S rRNA和生化试验结合的方法鉴定所分离菌株的种;选取16种抗菌药进行药敏试验;常规PCR方法检测11种毒力基因的携带情况,最后对具有免疫原性的毒力基因进行原核表达载体的构建。鉴定结果显示,93份乳样中18株为肠球菌,并分为9种。药敏结果显示,分离株多数为多重耐药菌（multiple resistant bacteria,MDR）,占88.89%,未发现耐万古霉素菌株（vancomycin-resistant enterococcus,VRE）,万古霉素敏感率94.12%,所有分离株至少对一种抗菌药耐药。PCR检测结果表明,11种毒力基因均有检出,cob基因检出率最高（44.44%）,efaA、hyl、ccf和esp基因检出率分别为33.33%、27.78%、27.78%和22.22%,Asa1、cylA、EF3314和gelE基因检出率均为16.67%,Ace和cylM基因检出最低（11.11%）;毒力基因组合因菌种不同而存在差异,选择具有免疫原性的Ace和gelE基因成功构建出原核表达载体pET32a-Ace和pET32a-gelE。本试验为后续绘制3个地区奶牛乳房炎流行病学区域谱以及制备相应抗体和亚单位疫苗提供了基础数据及生物材料。 相似文献
16.
Protective efficacy of conjugate vaccines against experimental challenge with porcine Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
In an attempt to protect pigs against swine pleuropneumonia induced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (SPAP) by neutralizing the effects of three virulence factors of A. pleuropneumoniae--the capsular polysaccharide (CP), the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the hemolysin protein (HP)--two subunit conjugate vaccines were prepared by covalently coupling the CP to the HP and the LPS to the HP. The CP, LPS, and HP were isolated from A. pleuropneumoniae, strain 4074, serotype 1, and the protective efficacy of the conjugate vaccines in swine experimentally infected with A. pleuropneumoniae was evaluated. Following a booster vaccination, a significant (P < 0.05) IgG antibody response to the CP, LPS, and HP was detected in the vaccinated pigs. The pigs vaccinated with the CP-HP and LPS-HP conjugates exhibited significantly less mortality (P < 0.05) and significantly greater weight gain (P < 0.001) than unvaccinated pigs. Vaccinated pigs exhibited significantly fewer and less extensive gross pulmonary lesions (P < 0.001) when compared with unvaccinated pigs. Thus, on the basis of mortality, weight gains, and pulmonary lesion formation, the two conjugate vaccines used in conjunction with one another provide noticeable protective efficacy against SPAP. 相似文献
17.
Pedro Soler-Lloréns Yolanda Gil-Ramírez Ana Zabalza-Baranguá Maite Iriarte Raquel Conde-álvarez Amaia Zú?iga-Ripa Beatriz San Román Michel S Zygmunt Nieves Vizcaíno Axel Cloeckaert María-Jesús Grilló Ignacio Moriyón Ignacio López-Go?i 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):72
Brucella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that behave as facultative intracellular parasites of a variety of mammals. This genus includes smooth (S) and rough (R) species that carry S and R lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. S-LPS is a virulence factor, and mutants affected in the S-LPS O-polysaccharide (R mutants), core oligosaccharide or both show attenuation. However, B. ovis is naturally R and is virulent in sheep. We studied the role of B. ovis LPS in virulence by mutating the orthologues of wadA, wadB and wadC, three genes known to encode LPS core glycosyltransferases in S brucellae. When mapped with antibodies to outer membrane proteins (Omps) and R-LPS, wadB and wadC mutants displayed defects in LPS structure and outer membrane topology but inactivation of wadA had little or no effect. Consistent with these observations, the wadB and wadC but not the wadA mutants were attenuated in mice. When tested as vaccines, the wadB and wadC mutants protected mice against B. ovis challenge. The results demonstrate that the LPS core is a structure essential for survival in vivo not only of S brucellae but also of a naturally R Brucella pathogenic species, and they confirm our previous hypothesis that the Brucella LPS core is a target for vaccine development. Since vaccine B. melitensis Rev 1 is S and thus interferes in serological testing for S brucellae, wadB mutant represents a candidate vaccine to be evaluated against B. ovis infection of sheep suitable for areas free of B. melitensis. 相似文献
18.
猪链球菌2型（ss2）是一种重要的人兽共患病病原菌,可引起人和猪发生严重疾病。SS2的经典毒力因子有荚膜抗原、溶菌酶释放蛋白、溶血素等。随着研究的深入．又发现了一些与SS2致病性相关的基因和毒力相关元件,以及一些蛋白酶类,这些毒力因子多数具有较好的免疫原性,并在链球菌致病和生长过程中发挥十分重要的作用。通过对一些具有免疫原性的SS2毒力因子蛋白片段进行体外重组表达,有望研制出有效预防SS2感染的基因工程疫苗。 相似文献