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1.
Cytologic and histologic examination of 91 canine mammary masses was performed by two cytologists and two histopathologists. Ten important cytologic criteria of malignancy for canine mammary tumors were identified. A cytologic grading system for differentiation of benign from malignant mammary tumors was proposed using these criteria. With this system, approximately one fourth of the malignant mammary tumors were given a concordant cytologic diagnosis. Approximately one-half of the benign masses were given a concordant cytologic diagnosis by the two cytologists. One-half of all the tumors examined were given inconclusive cytologic diagnoses by both cytologists. The cytologic identification of spindle cells did not differentiate complex and mixed mammary tumors from simple tumors. Only five of the animals studied died of mammary cancer, precluding a critical analysis of the cytologic criteria for prediction of cancer mortality.  相似文献   

2.
Peritoneal, mesenteric, and omental diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, although information in the veterinary literature is limited. The purposes of this retrospective study were to determine whether objectively applied ultrasound interpretive criteria are statistically useful in differentiating among cytologically defined normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic peritoneal conditions in dogs and cats. A second goal was to determine the cytologically interpretable yield on ultrasound‐guided, fine‐needle sampling of peritoneal, mesenteric, or omental structures. Sonographic criteria agreed upon by the authors were retrospectively and independently applied by two radiologists to the available ultrasound images without knowledge of the cytologic diagnosis and statistically compared to the ultrasound‐guided, fine‐needle aspiration cytologic interpretations. A total of 72 dogs and 49 cats with abdominal peritoneal, mesenteric, or omental (peritoneal) surface or effusive disease and 17 dogs and 3 cats with no cytologic evidence of inflammation or neoplasia were included. The optimized, ultrasound criteria‐based statistical model created independently for each radiologist yielded an equation‐based diagnostic category placement accuracy of 63.2–69.9% across the two involved radiologists. Regional organ‐associated masses or nodules as well as aggregated bowel and peritoneal thickening were more associated with peritoneal neoplasia whereas localized, severely complex fluid collections were more associated with inflammatory peritoneal disease. The cytologically interpretable yield for ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle sampling was 72.3% with no difference between species, making this a worthwhile clinical procedure.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
A 3‐year‐old, spayed female, Domestic Shorthair cat presented with anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, probable hemoabdomen, and multiple masses on the right lateral liver lobe. Clinicopathologic and imaging abnormalities included anemia, azotemia, icterus, and hepatomegaly with hypoechoic masses. On cytologic evaluation of a fine‐needle aspiration of a liver mass there was abundant extracellular pink‐ to purple‐colored material between hepatocytes. The amorphous material was stained with direct fast scarlet (DFS), and green birefringent areas were observed under polarized light, confirming the presence of amyloid. A unique finding on the cytologic smear were macrophages containing amorphous and fibrillar amyloid‐like protein. Histopathologic examination using H&E and Congo red staining confirmed amyloid deposits within the space of Disse, along the sinusoids, portal tracts, blood vessel walls, and within the cytoplasm of macrophages. Immunohistochemical staining with anti‐AA amyloid antibodies further confirmed the presence of AA amyloid. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of the cytologic finding of AA amyloid protein within macrophages and DFS stain detection of amyloid on a cytologic smear.  相似文献   

5.
A 9-year-old intact male Miniature Schnauzer presented laterally recumbent, cachexic, and dehydrated with multiple firm bone masses and a bilaterally enlarged prostate. Fine-needle aspiration of a rib mass revealed numerous basophilic polygonal to fusiform cells predominantly found in small to large clusters. The cells exhibited cytologic criteria of malignancy and infrequently displayed large cytoplasmic vacuoles containing finely- to coarsely-stippled azurophilic material. The cytologic diagnosis was metastatic adenocarcinoma and was suspected to be prostatic or transitional cell in origin because of the azurophilic vacuoles within malignant cells. Gross and histologic findings confirmed the clinical and cytologic diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma with widespread metastasis. Cytochemical and immunohistochemical investigation confirmed glycogen was a component of the vacuolar material. The vacuoles observed in the tumor in this case are not a consistent finding in tumors of the prostate or urinary bladder; however, when associated with an epithelial tumor, they may aid in limiting the differentials of the primary tumor and in the selection of further diagnostics.  相似文献   

6.
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7.
Primary ocular melanoma in dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The clinical signs, gross and microscopic appearance, treatment, and follow-up results of 35 dogs with primary ocular melanomas are reviewed. The melanomas are classified as epibulbar or intraocular based on the site of origin. The intraocular tumors are classified as spindle A, spindle B, mixed spindle B and epithelioid, and purely epithelioid based on cytologic criteria. The pathologic findings are matched with the follow-up history in an attempt to determine which features have prognostic significance. The findings are contrasted to those of similar studies of spontaneous ocular melanomas in man.  相似文献   

8.
A 1-cm-diameter, red, raised, cutaneous mass over the dorsal surface of the left third metacarpal of a 6-year-old neutered male yellow Labrador Retriever was aspirated. The aspirate contained cohesive clusters of cells, some containing cells with increased pleomorphism. Cellular debris (some keratinized), melanin, large numbers of macrophages, a few neutrophils, and fibroblasts were also observed. The cytologic interpretation was malignant neoplasia with histiocytic inflammation. Differentials included a carcinoma or, given the melanin pigment and variable morphology of the cells, possibly malignant melanoma. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a basal cell epithelioma. Neoplasms that once were lumped into the broad histologic diagnosis of basal cell tumors have since been split into distinct entities, dependent on evidence of differentiation into epidermis, trichofollicular epithelium, or sweat or sebaceous glands. Although histologic reclassification has resulted in removal of most of these entities from the original basal cell tumor category, a cytologic diagnosis of basal cell tumor continues to be used to represent the large, heterogeneous group of epidermal, trichofollicular, and adnexal skin tumors with basal cell characteristics. The case in this report demonstrates the heterogeneity of neoplasms that may be diagnosed cytologically as basal cell tumors and supports the need for cytologic criteria and nomenclature that better reflect potential variation in tissue differentiation.  相似文献   

9.
Cytologic criteria were evaluated for their diagnostic value in liver disease in dogs. Therefore, histopathologic and cytologic examination was performed on liver biopsy samples of 73 dogs with liver diseases and 28 healthy dogs. Logistic regression analysis was used to select the measured parameters to be included in a multistep approach. With the logistic regression method, different characteristic cytologic parameters could be defined for each histopathologic diagnosis. In malignant lymphoma of the liver, the presence of large numbers of lymphoblasts with a minimum of 5% of all cells was found. Clusters of epithelial cells with several cytologic characteristics of malignancy intermixed with normal hepatocytes were indicative of metastatic carcinoma or cholangiocellular carcinoma. Liver cells in hepatocellular carcinoma were characterized by a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, large cell diameters, increased numbers of nucleoli per nuclei, small numbers of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and frequently, small numbers of lymphocytes. Extrahepatic cholestasis was characterized by excessive extracellular bile pigment in the form of biliary casts, an increased number of nucleoli within hepatocytes, decreased hepatic cell size, and low numbers of lymphocytes. In destructive cholangiolitis, increased numbers of neutrophils and a small mean nuclear size within hepatocytes were seen. Acute and nonspecific reactive hepatitis are diagnosed based on the presence of moderate reactive nuclear patterns, including more pronounced chromatin, prominent nucleoli, increased numbers of inflammatory cells, excluding lymphocytes, and the absence of increased numbers of bile duct cell clusters. Increased number of mast cells also was indicative of nonspecific reactive hepatitis. Important cytologic criteria for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, in addition to chronic hepatitis, are intracellular bile accumulation and increased numbers of bile duct cell clusters. In summary, the stepwise approach based on logistic regression presented in this study might be helpful in the objective cytologic diagnosis of hepatic diseases.  相似文献   

10.
BACKGROUND: Malassezia-type yeasts previously have been observed on cytologic examination of the intermammary region of mares that presented with tail-head pruritus; topical antiyeast treatment resolved the pruritus. Further, Malassezia dermatitis has been observed in horses in intertriginous areas such as the udder and prepuce; the species of yeast was not confirmed. It is not known whether healthy mares or male horses can be carriers of this yeast in these body areas. HYPOTHESIS: Malassezia spp. are present in the intermammary region in healthy mares and the preputial fossa in healthy geldings. ANIMALS: Eleven healthy horses (5 mares and 6 geldings). METHODS: Samples of surface material were taken digitally from the intermammary area of 5 mares and the preputial fossa region of 6 geldings. The samples were examined cytologically and were cultured on modified Sabouraud's dextrose agar. The DNA from yeast colonies grown on the agar was extracted, and samples were assayed using fungal generic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Amplicons with positive PCR results were sequenced and compared with sequences in the BLAST database search program. RESULTS: Of 44 attempts at culture, 5 yielded a species identified as Malassezia equi, and 2 yielded M slooffiae. In contrast, of 44 cytologic examinations, yeasts with the morphology of Malassezia spp. were seen in 40 samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Due to its presence in healthy horses, finding of Malassezia-type yeast on cytologic examination may not incriminate it as a pathogen. Despite difficulty in culturing, cytologic examination was an effective tool to rapidly demonstrate the organism.  相似文献   

11.
Background — Fine needle aspiration cytology is being used for the diagnosis of various neoplasms, but we are unaware of reports dealing with the cytologic features of canine pilomatricoma.
Objective — The purpose of this report was to describe the cytologic features of pilomatricoma in 3 dogs.
Methods — Fine-needle aspirates were obtained from cutaneous masses using a 25-ga needle. Smears were prepared and stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin. The cutaneous masses were excised and routinely processed for histologic examination.
Results — Cytologic features of all 3 tumors included high cellularity and numerous clusters of tightly arranged of basaloid cells with evenly distributed chromatin and small distinct nucleoli surrounding sheets of "ghost cells". Ghost cells were characterized by a central unstained zone corresponding to the site previously occupied by the nucleus. Amorphous keratinized material was observed in 1 tumor. Histopathologic findings confirmed the diagnosis of pilomatricoma in all 3 cases.
Conclusions — Basaloid cells in association with ghost cells are important cytopathologic criteria that may provide a definitive cytologic diagnosis of pilomatricoma in dogs, and may help avoid a false diagnosis of malignancy.  相似文献   

12.
BACKGROUND: Angiosarcomas (AS) are malignant tumors that arise from vascular endothelial cells and are common in dogs. Histologically, AS are markedly heterogeneous neoplasms that make interpretation by cytology difficult. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the cytologic features of canine AS and look for additional diagnostic criteria. METHODS: Cytologic specimens from 19 histologically and immunohistochemically confirmed cases of canine AS were extensively reviewed for cytologic features. We compared cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings. RESULTS: Neoplastic cells in 14 cytology specimens had a high-grade sarcomatous appearance, whereas in 4 specimens the cells were extremely pleomorphic, ranging from sarcomatous to epithelioid. In the remaining case, the neoplastic cells were low grade, spindle shaped, and monomorphic. Other relevant cytologic findings were blood contamination (18/19 cases), cellular cohesiveness (16/19), punctate cytoplasmic vacuolation (19/19), background neutrophilia (11/19) and eosinophilia (5/19), erythrophagocytosis (8/19), extramedullary hematopoiesis (8/19), and apoptotic leukocytes (14/19). Vasoformative features (ie, pseudoacinar structures) were observed in 7 of 19 samples. Histologically, 16 neoplasms had a proliferative pattern typical of well-differentiated canine AS. Three tumors were atypical poorly differentiated AS; 2 of these had a striking epithelioid pattern and 1 was a poorly differentiated spindle cell tumor with focal vascular differentiation. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in 16 cases were positive for both endothelial markers tested (Factor VIII-related antigen [FVIII-ra] and CD31 antigen), 2 were positive for CD31 only, and 1 was positive for FVIII-ra only. The epithelioid AS were negative for cytokeratins. CONCLUSIONS: The cytologic characteristics of canine AS are widely heterogeneous, but supplementary findings can provide clues that are useful for making a cytologic diagnosis. Histologic and immunohistochemical confirmation is nonetheless warranted in all cases.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic use of cytologic examination of bone marrow from dogs with thrombocytopenia. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 58 dogs with thrombocytopenia. PROCEDURES: Medical records were searched and reviewed for dogs with thrombocytopenia. Dogs that had thrombocytopenia and cytologic examination of bone marrow were included in the study. Dogs with other hematologic abnormalities, with a previous diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasia, or that had previous treatment with cytotoxic drugs were excluded. Bone marrow cytologic findings were reviewed. Results were compared between dogs with severe thrombocytopenia (< 20,000 platelets/microL) and dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia (20,000 to 200,000 platelets/microL). RESULTS: 58 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Of 55 dogs with diagnostic bone marrow aspirates, 36 had severe thrombocytopenia. Cytologic evaluation of bone marrow did not reveal substantial nonmegakaryocytic bone marrow abnormalities or result in a definitive diagnosis in any of these dogs. Nineteen dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia had diagnostic bone marrow aspirates. Bone marrow cytologic findings revealed nonmegakaryocytic abnormalities in 4 of these dogs. Significantly fewer dogs with severe thrombocytopenia had abnormalities identified on cytologic examination of bone marrow, compared with dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cytologic examination of bone marrow is unlikely to provide specific diagnostic or prognostic information in dogs with severe thrombocytopenia.  相似文献   

14.
A 5-year-old, intact male Italian Spinone dog was presented for progressive, severe dyspnea and coughing. Thoracic radiographs revealed a large mass in the right cranial thorax. Fine needle aspiration of the mass yielded a highly cellular sample containing dense clumps of oval to spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells with distinct intracytoplasmic vacuolation, consistent with lipoblasts and lipocytes. Cell clusters were associated with abundant eosinophilic matrix, which was identified as mucin, based on Alcian blue staining. At exploratory thoracotomy, the mass was found to be nonresectable, and the dog was euthanized. Histologic sections of the multilobular mass had discrete regions of variable cellular differentiation, including highly cellular areas of pleomorphic cells, areas of spindle cells and lipoblasts in a myxoid background, and areas of well-differentiated lipogenic cells. The histologic diagnosis was myxoid liposarcoma. The thoracic cavity is a rare site for liposarcoma in the dog. The cytologic features of lipoblasts together with a mucopolysaccharide matrix were useful for distinguishing the myxoid variant of liposarcoma from other forms of liposarcoma and myxoid sarcomas.  相似文献   

15.
Hibernomas are rare benign tumors of brown fat (adipose tissue) that have been reported in several different species. The cytologic characterization of these tumors has not been described in dogs. In this case report, we describe two dogs with hibernomas, focusing on the cytologic appearance of these unique neoplasms. Both cytologic specimens were highly cellular and predominated by vacuolated neoplastic cells with no evidence of concurrent inflammation. The cells contained a moderate to large number of variably sized cytoplasmic vacuoles, with occasional, irregularly shaped pink granular material. Most cells contained a single nucleus; however, cells displayed moderate anisokaryosis. A biopsy with histologic examination was performed in both cases, confirming the cytologic suspicion of hibernoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed that both tumors were positive for UCP1 and vimentin, and negative for cytokeratin. Hibernoma is an important differential diagnosis in dogs with conjunctival and periocular swellings that exfoliate numerous, mildly atypical, vacuolated cells.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Recognition of different cytologic patterns in lymph nodes (LNs) from dogs with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) and noninfectious causes of lymphoid reactivity may have diagnostic utility. Objectives: The aims of the present study were to compare cytologic patterns in LNs of dogs with different phases of CME, to investigate the association of cytologic pattern and presence of Ehrlichia spp. morulae, and to compare patterns of lymphoid reactivity between dogs with CME and those with noninfectious causes of lymphoid hyperplasia. Methods: Cytologic preparations of LNs from 35 dogs with nonmyelosuppressive CME (group A), 16 dogs with myelosuppressive CME (group B), 26 dogs with noninfectious diseases (group C), and 15 healthy dogs (group D) were evaluated. Percentages of lymphocyte types, plasma cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils were determined. Samples from dogs in groups A and B were evaluated for the presence of morulae. Results: Cytologic abnormalities in LNs were recorded in 54% of dogs in group A, 88% in group B, 39% in group C, and 0% in group D and were more frequent (P=.02) in dogs with myelosuppressive CME than those with nonmyelosuppressive CME. Plasma cell hyperplasia was more frequent in CME than in noninfectious diseases (P=.03). An association between the presence of cytologic abnormalities and morulae in group A dogs was not found. Conclusions: Dogs with myelosuppressive CME have more lymphoid cytologic abnormalities than dogs with nonmyelosuppressive CME. LN plasmacytosis is the major pattern of lymphadenopathy in dogs with CME and is found more frequently in dogs with CME than in dogs with noninfectious causes of lymphadenopathy.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: The increased sophistication of imaging techniques in veterinary medicine allows the detection of a wide variety of intracranial and intraspinal lesions; however, imaging often does not provide a definitive diagnosis for nervous system (NS) lesions. Cytology is emerging as a useful diagnostic tool for obtaining a fast and accurate assessment of NS lesions, but little information is available for dogs and cats. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of cytologic evaluation of squash samples from NS lesions in dogs and cats and to consider cytology-based diagnostic guidelines and sources of misdiagnosis. METHODS: Cytologic specimens from masses localized in the central and peripheral NS taken during surgery or postmortem examination were classified into 3 groups according to the final histopathologic diagnosis: Group 1 = completely correct diagnosis, when the cytologic diagnosis and final histologic diagnosis were exactly correlated; Group 2 = partial correlation, when the cytologic diagnosis only partially correlated with the final histologic diagnosis, and Group 3 = no correlation, when the cytologic diagnosis was incorrect and there was no correlation with the general histologic type of lesion. The diagnostic accuracy of cytopathology was calculated by considering the histopathologic diagnosis as the "gold standard," and calculating a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of 42 animals (33 dogs and 9 cats) were included in the study. The cytologic diagnoses were classified in Group 1 for 32 cases (76%; 95% CI 0.63-0.89), in Group 2 for 6 cases (14%; 95% CI 0.04-0.25), and in Group 3 for 4 cases (10%; 95% CI 0.006-0.18). Considering both complete and partial correlation as an adequate result, cytologic diagnosis was satisfactory in 90% of biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Although the current series of cases is relatively small, cytologic evaluation of squash preparations can be considered a fairly accurate and reliable tool in the diagnosis of NS lesions.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract: A 6-year-old Rottweiler was presented to the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine for evaluation of multiple cutaneous nodules. The dog had a history of anorexia, vomiting, and hind-limb paraplegia. Results of cytologic examination of the cutaneous nodules were consistent with a round cell tumor. At necropsy, primary tumors were found coalescing in the duodenum and the pancreas and extending into the associated mesentery. Numerous masses also were found throughout the skin, abdominal and thoracic viscera, and lumbar spinal cord. Histologically, the duodenal tumor had variable morphology, with some areas resembling adenocarcinoma and others resembling anaplastic round cell neoplasia; the skin and other metastatic lesions resembled round cell neoplasia. Immunohistochemistry of the cutaneous, duodenal, and pancreatic masses showed the neoplastic cells were positive for pancytokeratin, supporting an epithelial origin. In addition, low numbers of neoplastic cells were positive for periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue, consistent with acid mucin production by duodenal epithelium. These findings confirmed that the cutaneous nodules were metastatic lesions originating from the duodenal adenocarcinoma. Cutaneous metastasis of intestinal carcinoma is rare in domestic animals. This case demonstrates the potential difficulty in diagnosing metastatic lesions based on cytologic and histologic morphology alone, because the cutaneous metastases may not resemble the primary neoplasm morphologically.  相似文献   

19.
A 10-year-old, castrated, male Labrador Retriever was presented to a local veterinary practice for investigation of a firm, deeply pigmented, alopecic, subcutaneous mass (8 mm in diameter) on the left side of the muzzle. A fine-needle aspirate of the mass was submitted for cytologic evaluation to the University of Florida. Microscopically, the preparation contained a predominant population of histiocytes that contained variable numbers of intracytoplasmic, negative-staining, filamentous structures consistent with Mycobacterium sp. A presumptive diagnosis of canine leproid granuloma syndrome was based on the cytologic findings and location of the lesion. Acid-fast staining revealed bright pink, acid-fast organisms within the histiocytic cells, supporting the diagnosis. The bacteria were not detected in histopathologic sections or by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test 1 week later, however, possibly because of spontaneous remission. Canine leproid granuloma syndrome is a common disease in Australia, but is uncommon in dogs in North America. It is caused by a novel, unnamed Mycobacterium species and usually affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the head and ears. A diagnosis usually can be made in Wright's-Giemsa and acid-fast-stained cytologic specimens; however, definitive diagnosis requires PCR testing at a specialized laboratory.  相似文献   

20.
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of peritoneal fluid (PF) cytology for clinical diagnosis of abdominal neoplasia in horses. Material and methods: Ten horses with histopathologically confirmed abdominal neoplasia, in which a PF analysis was performed, were included in this retrospective study. PF was analyzed for total protein concentration and a nucleated cell count was performed. Using cytological criteria of malignancy, the PF samples were evaluated regarding their probability of malignancy. Results: Cytologic classification of cells according to criteria of malignancy allowed a positive cytologic diagnosis of neoplasia in 5 out of 10 peritoneal fluid samples. Malignant lymphoma was the most commonly diagnosed neoplasia (3/10) and could be identified by cytology in 2/3 cases. In 1/2 horses with plasma cell myeloma neoplastic cells were similarly found. Malignant melanoma (2/10) was diagnosed using cytology in one case (presence of melanin-containing cells). Cytological diagnosis of malignant neoplasia was established in the only horse with gastric squamous cell carcinoma, but the morphology of the identified tumour cells did not allow a specific diagnosis. Thus, a definitive diagnosis was achieved in 4/5 horses with proven abdominal neoplasia. The horses with adenocarcinoma (1/10) and haemangiosarcoma (1/10) had no evidence of neoplasia based on cytological findings. No relationship between total protein concentration or the nucleated cell count with the histolopathological diagnosis of abdominal neoplasia was found. Abnormal mitotic figures were considered of greater diagnostic value than the overall mitotic rate. Conclusion: The implementation of nuclear criteria of malignancy in the cytologic evaluation of PF samples allows the identification of neoplastic cells to an acceptable degree. For this purpose, the knowledge of the highly variable morphological features of mesothelial cells is essential. The absence of malignant cells does not rule out abdominal neoplasia. Clinical relevance: PF cytology should be considered as a valuable, minimally invasive, simple, and rapid diagnostic technique in horses with suspected abdominal neoplasia.  相似文献   

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