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《中国南方果树》2016,(2)
为探讨生草栽培对桃园土壤结构特征及酶活性的影响,在浙江省嘉兴市水蜜桃园设置了白三叶、紫花苜蓿、黑麦草、清耕等4个处理3次重复,经过2年的试验后,采集0~20cm土壤样品进行分析。结果表明,与清耕相比,套种白三叶、紫花苜蓿、黑麦草,土壤有机碳含量分别增加了31.6%、25.0%和21.1%,差异达显著水平;生草栽培显著提高了粒径0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量、团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)、土壤总孔隙度、孔隙维数,大小顺序为白三叶紫花苜蓿黑麦草清耕;生草栽培显著提高了桃园土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性;同时生草栽培显著降低了土壤容重和团聚体分形维数,大小表现为清耕黑麦草紫花苜蓿白三叶。综上所述,桃园生草增加了土壤有机碳含量,增强了土壤结构的稳定性,提高和改善了土壤孔隙的均匀性及连通性,可降低土壤侵蚀风险和减少养分流失,其中以白三叶的效果最佳。 相似文献
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在贵州省喀斯特山地火龙果园，设置春季播种赤小豆、甜荞、多年生苦荞、紫花苜蓿，秋季播种箭舌豌豆、灰萝卜、箭舌豌豆+灰萝卜混播，铺设防草布及清耕等处理，测定比较不同处理对杂草白花鬼针草的防控效果、时长、成本，及火龙果产量、商品果、品质等影响。结果表明，4月初播种赤小豆，10月中旬混播箭舌豌豆+灰萝卜对贵州省喀斯特山地火龙果园白花鬼针草的防控效果最好，生草栽培有利于减少白花鬼针草的防控成本，降低火龙果果实发病率和发病指数，提高产量和商品性，对火龙果果实品质影响不大。 相似文献
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果园种植白三叶草和黑麦草可增加土壤有机质 ,改善果园环境条件 ,提高产量和果品质量。其种植和管理技术如下。适宜播种季节为春、秋两季 ,春季播种在 3月下旬至 4月份进行 ,秋季播种在 8月中旬至 9月中旬进行 ,秋播有利于白三叶草成坪 ,因此 ,秋播比春播好。果园行间播种 ,白三叶草与黑麦草种子按 1∶ 2混播 ,可撒播也可条播 ,条播行距 2 0 cm,播种深度 0 .5～ 1.5cm,每 6 6 7m2 用种子 0 .5～ 0 .75kg。苗期要加强管理 ,及时拔除杂草 ,适时浇水施肥 ,当草高 30 cm时 ,开始刈割 ,一般年割 2～ 3次 ,割下的草放在树盘上 ,留茬不低于 10 cm。… 相似文献
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葡萄园行间生草体系中土壤微生物数量的变化及其与土壤养分的关系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在酿酒葡萄生产园行间播种白三叶草、紫花苜蓿和高羊茅,以清耕为对照,研究了土壤微生物数量的变化及其与土壤养分的关系。结果表明,与清耕（对照）相比,行间生草总体使葡萄园土壤微生物数量增加,其中固氮菌与纤维素分解菌数量升高幅度较大,平均升高幅度分别为223.4%和83.4%,细菌数量平均升高68.1%,放线菌数量升高的幅度最小。白三叶草和紫花苜蓿处理较高羊茅处理增加的幅度大,除放线菌外,均与清耕之间差异达显著水平。行间生草使土壤有机质含量显著提高,全P、速效P含量降低;白三叶草和紫花苜蓿处理使土壤全N、碱解N、速效K含量显著提高,高羊茅处理使其降低。除速效P外,其余土壤养分与土壤微生物因子均呈显著或极显著正相关。通径分析表明,纤维素分解菌是影响土壤有机质最重要的微生物因子,放线菌是影响土壤N、P、K最重要的微生物因子。 相似文献
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《北方园艺》2020,(4)
为筛选适宜的宁夏果园行间绿肥植物,以行间自然生草、播种紫花苜蓿、苏丹草、黑麦草、油菜、白三叶草为处理,以清耕为对照,开展不同果园生草品种对土壤温、湿度及天敌数量的影响研究。结果表明:与清耕相比,行间生草可明显降低0～15 cm深度土壤温度,降温作用最明显的处理组为苜蓿,其次为三叶与黑麦处理,3个生草品种平均温度分别降低9.28%、5.90%、5.69%;果园生草对土壤含水量的影响主要集中于浅层土壤区域(5～10 cm),对土壤含水量具有明显增持作用的生草品种为苜蓿,其次为三叶草与苏丹处理,3个生草品种土壤含水量分别增加28.39%、18.15%、16.20%;此外,果园生草也可明显提升瓢虫与草蛉种群数量。该研究筛选得到的理想果园生草品种依次为苜蓿三叶黑麦与苏丹草。 相似文献
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1果园生草的方法果园生草可分为全园生草和行间生草两种模式。土层深厚、肥沃、根系分布深、灌溉条件较好的果园可采用全园生草;土壤浅薄的果园可采用行间生草。1.1生草品种的选择果园生草要求矮秆或匍匐生长,适应性强,耐踩踏,耗水量小,与果树没有共同的病虫害,能引诱天敌,生育期短的草种。具体种类有:禾本科的早熟禾,结缕草、燕麦草等;豆科类的白三叶、紫花苜蓿、田菁等。1.2播种时期春播一般在3月中下旬至4月份气温稳定在15℃以上时进行。秋季播种一般从8月中旬开始到9月中旬结束。1.3播种方法播种前翻地深20～25cm,整平,灌水补墒。条播时… 相似文献
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为明确河北省苹果园行间生草现状,探究草种适应性,为河北省果园生草栽培技术的推广与应用提供依据。采用调研的方法探究河北省果园行间生草的现状;在邢台市浆水镇富士苹果园,设置清耕、苜蓿、白三叶和自然生草4个处理,测定土壤有机质、无机氮、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、储水量和土壤酶活性等土壤性状,分析叶绿素、叶面积和新梢长等树体生长指标以及产量、果实品质。结果表明,河北省果园以清耕管理为主,生草园占31.96%,其中自然生草园占25.77%,人工生草园占6.19%;自然生草园草种选择更多样化;果农对生草认知缺乏且获知途径单一。自然生草显著提高0～20 cm和20～40 cm土壤有机质的积累,分别为15.46 g/kg和8.85 g/kg;苜蓿与白三叶显著增加了0～20 cm土层土壤无机氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,且对0～40 cm土层储水量有显著影响。白三叶与自然生草显著提高叶片叶绿素SPAD值,苜蓿与自然生草则显著增加了叶面积,苜蓿与白三叶显著增加了新梢长,连续6年生草老园叶绿素SPAD值(58.96)、叶面积(18.57cm2)以及新梢长(28.00 cm)均显著高于其他处理。苜蓿、白三叶与自然生草显著增产7.21%～13.40%。连续6年生草老园果实Vc(182.20 mg/kg)和可溶性糖(16.93%)显著高于各处理,可滴定酸(0.309%)显著低于清耕。河北省生草技术普及度低,行间种植苜蓿与白三叶能改善土壤性状、促进树体生长,改善果品品质、增加果品产出,因此推荐河北省苹果园种植豆科植物苜蓿和白三叶。 相似文献
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正1果园生草1.1人工生草在果树行间种植白三叶、黑麦草、苜蓿、毛叶苕子、百脉根、扁茎黄芪等优良草种。果园生草一般是在果树3年生以后不能间作其它作物时进行,多采用行间生草,果树行距在3m的在行间可种草2行,行距在3.5~4 m的可以在行间种3~4行,草行距为40 cm。播种时期是春、秋两季,春季土地解冻后,地温在5℃以上,最好在秋季播种,秋季是在8月中下旬至9月中下旬进行,但不可以过晚,因过晚草的生长萌蘖力差,冬季不好越冬。播种前应浇水(或下雨后),使土壤墒情良好,杂草锄净,开始播 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别. 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献