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Great importance has been attached to the “Agriculture-Rural-Farmer” issue by the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and the State Council of China. In recent years, a series of agricultural supporting subsidy policies, such as direct subsidies to grain, seed, material, and machinery purchases have been enforced, and these policies have greatly promoted the agricultural production and the incremental income of farmers. However, from the perspective of increasing the farmers’ income, although the subsidy coverage is expanding from fields to hilly areas where the farmers have made major contributions to the supply of wood and ecological security, the farmers have a low income without enough aid from the forestry fiscal subsidy policy. Foresters cannot enjoy the same policy support as farmers, because the level of forestry fiscal subsidies is obviously lower than the level of agricultural subsidies. Therefore, based on investigation, this article suggests giving more support to forest workers in terms of the promotion and optimization of forestation, forest tending, seeds and insurance subsidies, and further expanding the forestry subsidies’ category and scope and improving its standards. 相似文献
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营林工作是森工五大支柱产业之一，是基础产业，而种苗是基础的基础；黑龙江森工林区林木种子园的生产经营管理费严重不足，没有专项基金，所需费用均由各企业自行解决；如果建立林木良种资金补贴制度对提高营林基础产业的地位和良种使用率将起到重要作用。 相似文献
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Déo-Gratias J. M. Hougni Bénédicte Chambon Eric Penot Arunee Promkhambut 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2018,37(8):787-803
In order to alleviate poverty in Northeast Thailand, the Thai government has promoted rubber farming, which has expanded at the expense of annual crops. Because of a long immature period, planting rubber represents a loss of income for poor farmers in the very first years. This paper analyzed how rubber intercropping during the immature period helps farmers to compensate for this loss of income. Economic performances of the most widespread rubber farming systems were analyzed using information collected from a questionnaire addressed to 35 farmers in Buriram province. A sub-sample of 22 farmers was further interviewed to estimate the contribution of rubber intercropping in the formation of the total annual income during the immature period. The results showed that interest in rubber intercropping has grown, with cassava and rice as the main associated crops. With additional costs of about 14,169 ?/ha/year over monospecific rubber plantations, rubber-cassava intercropping systems generated a gross margin estimated at 11,340 ?/ha/year for a 3-year period. Compared to a monospecific rubber plantation, rubber-cassava intercropping systems reduced management costs by 59% over the 6-year period of rubber immaturity. The cash-income drawn from intercropping ranged from 0 to 26.8% of the household’s total annual income, which can be of considerable importance for low-income farmers. 相似文献
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山地苹果产业已成为陕北山区农民增收和加快农村经济发展最具优势的区域特色产业。陕北得天独厚的自然条件优势与政府强有力的扶持,形成了山地苹果发展的良好势头。但实际发展还存在区域劣势明显、农民种植积极性不高、技术支撑不力、规模化经营水平较低等问题。如何有针对性地解决问题,使苹果产业健康发展已成为各级政府面临的现实问题。志丹县九月红果业农民合作社的订单农业、依托科技搞标准化种植、为果农担保贷款的操作模式,是一个更高层次、更有效的社会经济组织方式,值得推广借鉴。建议在山地苹果产业发展中采取措施,制定发展规划、鼓励农民发展果业、强化跟踪指导服务、构建农民专业合作社金融支持体系。 相似文献
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三峡库区马褂木水源涵养林复合经营模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马褂木是重要的绿化、用材和水源涵养林兼用树种.三峡库区栽培面积已超过2 400 hm2.本文通过分析8种复合经营模式的效益,来综合评价不同的复合经营模式.通过对比分析,复合经营的马褂木胸径生长量年均提高10％以上.复合经营的马褂木-桔梗模式、马褂木 白术模式的年收入最高,投入大;而柴胡、黄芪和黑豆投入小、种植技术比较好掌握.试验出的几种模式可减少土壤侵蚀量33.3％,生态效益显著.根据推广应用前景,结合药材市场需求种植,提高土地利用率和单位面积产出,促进林农增收. 相似文献
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Agroforestry practices of farming communities are investigated in southern Punjab province, Pakistan. It is hypothesized that rural people of this areas are more inclined than elsewhere in the province to practice agroforestry due to greater profitability than cropping. A landholder survey revealed that the majority of farmers are inclined to plant trees on their land. Low accessibility of institutional credit is a constraint for both agroforestry farmers (AF) and non-agroforestry farmers. However, among AF respondents only 24% were found to need credit for agroforestry practice, as against nearly 76% for crop production. Mostly farmers were found to have positive perceptions regarding agroforestry practice, because they understand the multiple benefits from growing trees, compared with cropping where farmers face various constraints, including poor access to credit, natural hazards, and little support from local authorities. Further, effort to sensitize farmers that growing trees has multiple benefits compared to only cultivation of field crops can bring about change in farmer’s perceptions and attitudes in the Indus River basin, resulting in motivation for agroforestry adoption. 相似文献
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张向阳 《中南林业调查规划》2006,25(1):60-63
通过山区农户收入支出的分析，认为畜牧业是山区农民现金收入的主要来源之一：讨论了3种不同封山禁牧模式对农民收入的影响；基于封山禁牧对山区农民收入影响的分析。提出了实施封山禁牧以发展山区林业的对策。 相似文献
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本文对中国北方荒漠化的成因进行了探讨 :(1)暖温带和亚热带地区的植被状况、气候直接或间接地影响着北方半荒漠化、荒漠化地区的植被和分布 ,并对其干旱和荒漠化程度起着一定的遏止作用 ,而这些地区植被的大面积破坏加速了北方地区荒漠化的进程。 (2 )耕地和传统的耕作制度破坏了地球上原有的植被状况和气候环境 ,促进了北方地区干旱和荒漠化的不断扩张与蔓延。本文对此提出了相应治理对策 :(1)改变暖温带及亚热带地区植被低覆盖率和不均匀分布 ,从而使北方干旱和荒漠化低效治理的局面得以改进 ;(2 )改造传统耕作制度和农田植被 ,缩减耕地面积 ,彻底消除传统农业对植被和环境的破坏作用 ;(3)改变传统的“粮食”观念和食物结构 ,降低人类对禾谷类粮食的需求 ,以减轻人类对耕地的压力。 相似文献
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Slash-and-burn shifting cultivation is the conventional farming practice in Sierra Leone, where communal land tenure is by far the most common form of land use. Alley farming, the alternative agricultural system, has been introduced as a technical option to increase yield, reduce or eliminate fallow and conserve soil water. This study uses a logistic regression model to determine the factors influencing the adoption of alley farming in Sierra Leone. Data for the study were collected from a total of 160 farmers in 16 farming communities across 4 ecotones in the Freetown Peninsula through a survey, interactive discussion and personal observation. It is found that although most of these communities are aware of alley farming, female farmers are less likely than males to adopt this farming technology. Also membership of farmers’ associations and access to extension services positively influences adoption of alley farming, but limited land availability hinders adoption in the region. Most of the farmers practicing or trying out alley farming prefer this farming system over slash-and-burn shifting cultivation. High demand for fuelwood, short or no fallow periods and replenishment of soil fertility are among the attributes driving farmers to switch to alley farming. Despite its merits, alley farming is not perceived as a complete substitute for slash-and-burn shifting cultivation in the study area. For wider adoption, there is the need to develop demonstration farms to show the feasibility of incorporating farmer-specific biophysical, hydro-climatic and socio-economic conditions into alley farming system in the region. 相似文献
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Introduction of two systems of agroforestry to the farmers portfolio is evaluated for their changes in cropping pattern, input
use, income generation, farmers attitude towards risk and nutrient availability. Two different types of farmers are studied
under both irrigated and dryland farming systems. Farm survey data collected from south Indian villages have been used with
a mean-variance framework to identify the risk aversion levels of farmers. The results indicate that the risk-taking preferences
of farmers should be given consideration in evaluating the impact of agroforestry systems. Among the two agroforestry systems
analyzed, the one with drumstick is shown to increase the risk of crop production while the one with leucaena reduces the
risk and enables farmers to invest in more risky cash crops. The impact of agroforestry on crop allocation, input use and
income differs due to the differences in resource availability of farmers. The influence of agroforestry on nutrient availability
of the farm households also differs based on the components of agroforestry, orientation of farming and the nature of farming
systems. It is argued that design of agroforestry systems should consider differences in resource constraints in farming systems
and risk attitudes of farmers towards their allocation decisions and that such considerations would largely enhance the successful
adoption of agroforestry in developing countries. 相似文献
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以补贴到期后不再补贴为前提假设,运用Probit和Logit模型实证分析影响农户做出复耕决策的影响因素。结果表明:如果到期后停止补助受访农户中有复耕意愿的农户占53.46%,巩固退耕成果的难度依然较大;56.93%的农户对当前的退耕补贴政策持不满意或者非常不满意的态度,后续产业参与度不高。是否村干部、耕地总面积、退耕地面积、退耕地面积占耕地总面积的比例、对补贴的满意度、是否参与后续产业对农户复耕决策具有显著影响。访谈结果也表明,农户的复耕决策是在综合考虑收入预期和获得收益能力的基础上所做出的经营性决策;如果到期后停止退耕补贴而退耕土地又不能够直接为农民带来稳定的收益,或者退耕农户没有稳定的其他替代性收入,退耕农户将倾向于在补贴期后复耕。 相似文献
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退耕地是具有一定高度和坡度的特殊土地体系，受地形因素和自然规律的综合作用，孕育了经营模式上的多样性和复杂性。在分析四川水土流失现状和退耕还林工程总体布局的基础上，设计退耕还林经营模式，从宏观上提出特殊区域地方特色的退耕还林模式，以指导退耕还林工程。 相似文献
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The forest flora of eastern North America includes many herbaceous plant species traded in domestic and international medicinal
markets. Conservation concerns surrounding wild-collection exist and transitioning to cultivation in agroforestry systems
has potential economic and ecological benefits. Costs and revenues associated with adopting forest cultivation were modeled
for eight North American medicinal forest plants. Sensitivity analysis examined profit potential in relation to (1) discount
rates; (2) propagation methods; (3) prices; (4) growing period; (5) production costs; and (6) yields. Results indicate that
intensive husbandry of six of eight species would be unprofitable at recent (1990–2005) price levels. Exceptions are American
ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), and under certain circumstances (e.g., maximum historic prices, low production costs) goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.). Direct marketing to consumers and retailers might improve grower profits, but is undermined by the availability of cheaper,
wild-collected product. We suggest that the North American medicinal plant industry could play a key role in facilitating
any transition from wild to cultivated product, perhaps through development of a certification and labeling program that brands
“forest cultivated” products. This could generate price premiums, to be passed along to growers, but must be accompanied by
aggressive consumer education. A “forest cultivated” certification and labeling program has potential to benefit industry
and consumers if assurances regarding product identity and quality are a central feature. Plant species that are not viable
candidates for commercial cultivation due to limited consumer demand (i.e., species with “shallow,” erratic markets) are best
addressed through proactive government and industry initiatives involving targeted harvester education programs. 相似文献
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集体林权制度改革的目标是实现资源增长、农民增收、生态良好与林区和谐。能否科学、合理、有效地经营管理林地决定了集体林权制度改革的成败。本文针对云南省集体林权制度改革结束后林地经营管理存在的问题提出了建议。 相似文献
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《林业研究》2020,31(4)
Linear risk programming was used to determine the optimum cultivation pattern to increase incomes of poplar farmers.Seven clones of Populus deltoides Bartr.ex Marsh.were examined in Guilan province,northern Iran.Growth and price data were taken from previous research at the Safrabaste Poplar Research Station and in interviews with farmers.The Lingo software was used to analyze the data in different forms of E.The results show that when risk was considered,the optimal solution included the clones Pd63/51-x1,-Pd72/51-x3,Pd73/51-x4 and Pd79/51-x6.There was a high growth fluctuations of the clones Pd69/55-x2,Pd77.51-x5,and Pd caroliniensis-x7 and were not included in cultivation plans.Furthermore,the existing farm plans executed by local farmers,is neither profitoriented nor efficient in terms of income risk management according to risk efficient frontier.These results could help farmers with different levels of risk-aversion to select proper planting plans. 相似文献