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1.
Simulation of Cotton Production for Precision Farming 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Most crop simulation models do not directly consider the spatial variability of inputs nor do they produce outputs that show the expected spatial variability of yield across a field. If such models were available for precision farming, then researchers could much better evaluate the effects of soil sampling densities to determine the number of samples necessary to adequately model a particular field. The objectives of this study were: (1) to design and implement a spatial simulation methodology for examining details of precision farming and (2) use this to evaluate the effects of different soil sampling resolutions on predicted yield and residual nitrates through spatially variable nitrogen applications. The GOSSYM/COMAX cotton growth model/expert system and the GRASS geographic information system were used to develop a spatial simulation that produces spatially variable outputs. Inputs to the model were collected from a 3.9-ha cotton field. Soil nitrate, a primary driver in fertilizer recommendations, was sampled on a 15.2-m regular grid for depths to 15 cm and on a 30.5-m regular grid at six 15-cm depth intervals (down to 90 cm). COMAX was used to determine spatially variable fertilizer recommendations. GOSSYM was used to simulate perfect application of these recommendations and predicted spatially variable yield and residual nitrates. Reductions in sampling density or resolution were simulated by systematically reducing the amount of data available to COMAX for calculating spatially variable fertilizer recommendations. GOSSYM subsequently used these recommendations (based upon less and less knowledge of soil nitrates) to simulate the effects of differing sampling resolutions on predicted yield and residual nitrates. For recommendations based upon a 15.2-m grid of inputs, 41.4 kg/ha of nitrate fertilizer produced 801.7 kg/ha of cotton and left an average of 9.4 ppm of nitrate in the soil profile. For a 30.5-m grid, 42.8 kg/ha of nitrate fertilizer resulted in a yield of 811.2 kg/ha and residual soil nitrate of 8.3 ppm. For 45.7-m and 61.0-m grids, the results were 43.3 kg/ha and 41.2 kg/ha of nitrate fertilizer, 755.3 kg/ha and 794.3 kg/ha of cotton, and 11.5 ppm and 8.1 ppm of residual soil nitrate, respectively. This study concluded that crop simulations and geographic information systems are a valuable combination for modeling the effects of precision farming and planning variable rate treatments. Simulation results indicate that excessive fertilization, while potentially damaging to the environment, may also have a negative impact on yield. 相似文献
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3.
Optimised Spatial Sampling Scheme for Soil Electriclal Conductivity Based on Variance Quad-Tree （VQT） Method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The acquisition of precise soil data representative of the entire survey area,is a critical issue for many treatments such as irrigation or fertilization in precision agriculture.The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability of soil bulk electrical conductivity(ECb)in a coastal saline field and design an optimized spatial sampling scheme of ECb based on a sampling design algorithm,the variance quad-tree(VQT)method.Soil ECb data were collected from the field at 20m interval in a regular grid scheme.The smooth contour map of the whole field was obtained by ordinary kriging interpolation,VQT algorithm was then used to split the smooth contour map into strata of different number desired,the sampling locations can be selected within each stratum in subsequent sampling.The result indicated that the probability of choosing representative sampling sites was increased significantly by using VQT method with the sampling number being greatly reduced compared to grid sampling design while retaining the same prediction accuracy.The advantage of the VQT method is that this scheme samples sparsely in fields where the spatial variability is relatively uniform and more intensive where the variability is large.Thus the sampling efficiency can be improved,hence facilitate an assessment methodology that can be applied in a rapid,practical and cost-effective manner. 相似文献
4.
Thompson A. N. Shaw J. N. Mask P. L. Touchton J. T. Rickman D. 《Precision Agriculture》2004,5(4):345-358
Characterizing the spatial variability of nutrients facilitates precision soil sampling. Questions exist regarding the best technique for directed soil sampling based on a priori knowledge of soil and crop patterns. The objective of this study was to evaluate zone delineation techniques for Alabama grain fields to determine which method best minimized the soil test variability. Site one (25.8 ha) and site three (20.0 ha) were located in the Tennessee Valley region, and site two (24.2 ha) was located in the Coastal Plain region of Alabama. Tennessee Valley soils ranged from well drained Rhodic and Typic Paleudults to somewhat poorly drained Aquic Paleudults and Fluventic Dystrudepts. Coastal Plain soils ranged from coarse-loamy Rhodic Kandiudults to loamy Arenic Kandiudults. Soils were sampled by grid soil sampling methods (grid sizes of 0.40 ha and 1 ha) consisting of: (1) twenty composited cores collected randomly throughout each grid (grid-cell sampling) and, (2) six composited cores collected randomly from a 3×3m area at the center of each grid (grid-point sampling). Zones were established from (1) an Order 1 Soil Survey, (2) corn (Zea mays L.) yield maps, and (3) airborne remote sensing images. All soil properties were moderately to strongly spatially dependent as per semivariogram analyses. Differences in grid-point and grid-cell soil test values suggested grid-point sampling does not accurately represent grid values. Zones created by soil survey, yield data, and remote sensing images displayed lower coefficient of variations (%CV) for soil test values than overall field values, suggesting these techniques group soil test variability. However, few differences were observed between the three zone delineation techniques. Results suggest directed sampling using zone delineation techniques outlined in this paper would result in more efficient soil sampling for these Alabama grain fields. 相似文献
5.
宁夏砂田小尺度土壤性质空间变异特征与肥力评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
【目的】砂田是西北干旱、半干旱地区农民在恶劣的气候、土壤和地形等自然条件下,为了生存经过长期生产实践不断总结创新所形成的一种独特的耕作方式。保持和提高砂田土壤肥力质量是改善土地生产力、延缓砂田退化的基础。【方法】按照10 m×10 m网格方式采集110个砂田土壤表层(0—20 cm)样品,选取土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾、pH和电导率作为土壤肥力特征的评价因子,采用相关系数法确定各土壤肥力指标的权重,根据宁夏砂田土壤特征和作物品种,选择隶属度函数曲线类型,同时确定隶属度函数转折点取值,然后根据各土壤肥力因子的权重和隶属度值计算土壤综合肥力指数值;利用地统计学分析方法构建土壤各肥力因子的最适半方差函数模型,确定砂田土壤各肥力因子的空间变异特征和空间格局;结合土壤综合肥力指数值及其空间分布状况对砂田土壤肥力特征进行分级评价。【结果】经典统计表明,pH的变异系数最小仅为0.01,表现为弱变异,均值为9.15,土壤呈碱性。其他肥力指标变异系数处于0.10—0.72,属于中等变异。通过极差可以看出各项土壤性质含量在农田尺度存在明显的差异。研究区土壤综合肥力指数值在0.18—0.59,平均值为0.34。地统计学表明,砂田土壤各项肥力指标块金系数均小于25%,呈现出较强空间自相关性。通过普通克里格空间插值图可以看出,土壤有机碳在田块尺度上分布较为均匀,含量集中在1.5—2.5 g·kg-1,在研究区南侧有机碳有岛状高含量点存在;电导率分布也较为均匀,集中在100—300μs·cm~(-1),其在北部含量较高;土壤全氮、全磷和全钾含量普遍较低,在空间呈现出明显的斑块状分布特征;土壤速效磷和速效钾在研究区北部有岛状高含量点存在;pH在整个研究区呈现明显的斑块状分布特征。土壤综合肥力指数值空间分布状况表明,研究区Ⅲ类地分布最广,占整个研究区面积的56%,属中等肥力状况。砂田南部以Ⅱ类地为主,占整个研究区面积的25%,肥力状况良好。Ⅳ类地占整个区域面积18%,其肥力状况较差。【结论】土壤性质和土壤肥力指数在田块尺度上空间分布复杂、规律性不明显,呈斑块状分布特征。根据各项土壤属性指标和土壤综合肥力指数值的分布情况判断,砂田土壤肥力总体水平较低,其中有机碳和全氮是制约砂田土壤肥力的主要限制因子。应通过增施有机肥、轮作和休耕等方式改良和培肥土壤。 相似文献
6.
膜下滴灌模式下棉花不同生育阶段土壤水分的空间变异性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]以膜下滴灌棉田为材料,研究棉花不同生育期土壤水分的空间变异规律.[方法]采用均匀网格法布点方式,测定了滴灌棉田苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期的各个采样点0～20、20～40和40～60 cm三个不同深度的土壤含水率.[结果]膜下滴灌模式下的棉田土壤水分的空间变异性,相对于整个生育期,各层土壤水分的空间变异性随着棉花的生长而增大.相对于整个生育期的不同垂直深度,各层土壤水分的空间变异性是随着采样土层深度的加深而减小.[结论]由于表层土壤水分受人为等因素影响,0～20 cm层土壤水分的空间变异性比较复杂. 相似文献
7.
冬小麦种植面积空间抽样样本布局的优化设计 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
【目的】样本布局是空间抽样调查方案设计中的关键要素。优化设计样本布局对于提高抽样样本对总体的代表性、降低抽样调查成本、改善抽样外推总体精度具有重要意义。论文针对现有农作物种植面积空间抽样调查技术体系中存在样本布局设计合理性不足的问题（如采用简单随机抽样进行样本布局设计时,无法保证各样本单元间相互独立、彼此间不存在空间相关性;而以往系统等距布样方式又存在样本间隔的制定缺乏科学依据）,进一步提高现行农作物种植面积空间抽样调查效率。【方法】选取安徽省蒙城县和冬小麦种植面积2009年和2010年的冬小麦空间分布数据（分别源自ALOS AVNIR-2 和Landsat5 TM影像提取结果）,通过地统计学理论与“3S”技术（遥感、地理信息系统和全球定位技术）及传统抽样方法相结合,首先,设计8种抽样单元尺寸水平,利用不同种尺寸水平的抽样单元离散抽样区、构建抽样框;其次,选取简单随机抽样方法初选样本单元,利用初选样本构建抽样单元内冬小麦种植面积比例的变异函数理论模型,基于该模型分析抽样单元间空间关联性和异质性,定量确定抽样单元空间关联阈值;然后,遵循传统抽样理论要求样本间相互独立原则,以抽样单元空间关联阈值为抽样间隔,采用空间系统等距的布局方式对冬小麦种植面积空间抽样样本布局进行了优化设计;最后,以简单随机抽样方法为对照,选取抽样外推总体相对误差、总体总值估计量的变异系数（CV）及样本容量为评价指标,对布局优化设计后的抽样样本外推总体精度、稳定性（通过变异系数反映）及抽样成本（通过样本容量反映）进行定量评价试验研究。【结果】抽样单元内冬小麦种植面积比例的变异性随单元尺度的增大而增大,8种单元尺度下的抽样单元内冬小麦种植面积比例的变异系数变化范围为32.75%—43.46%,属中等变异;抽样单元内冬小麦种植面积比例在一定范围内存在强烈的空间相关性,该空间相关性主要由结构性因素（如气候、地形、土壤类型等自然因素）决定。抽样单元内冬小麦种植面积比例的空间关联阈值随抽样单元尺寸的增大而增大;当抽样单元尺寸较小时（500 m×500 m—2 000 m×2 000 m）,在样本容量相同条件下,经布局优化设计后的抽样样本外推总体的相对误差和变异系数明显低于简单随机抽样;当抽样单元尺寸较大时（2 500 m×2 500 m—4 000 m×4 000 m）,布局优化设计后的抽样样本外推总体的相对误差和变异系数虽未明显降低,但样本容量却显著减小。【结论】该文可为改善农作物种植面积空间抽样调查效率提供试验依据。为研究区和研究对象,以正方形网格作为抽样基础单元,基于蒙城县 相似文献
8.
Core soil sampling followed by laboratory analysis is the traditional method used to map soil pH prior to variable rate application (VRA) of lime on cropland. A recently developed automated soil sampling system capable of measuring soil pH on-the-go has significantly increased sampling resolution. However, adoption of such systems must be justified economically. This paper presents a method for assessing the economic benefit from automated mapping of soil pH prior to variable rate lime application. In this work, geostatistical, agronomic, and economic methods were used to generate a comprehensive numerical model for quantitative assessment of the net return over cost of liming for different lime management strategies. The strategies included: automated pH mapping, manual grid soil sampling, and whole field sampling used in combination with either variable or fixed rate liming. The model was demonstrated using a simulated field with known average pH and semivariogram model. The analysis showed the largest benefit ($6.13ha–1year–1) from using VRA with automated soil pH mapping versus VRA based on 1ha (2.5acres) manual grid point sampling for the selected simulated field conditions. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that for a wide range of field conditions and crop prices, VRA plus automated mapping promises higher relative benefits than VRA based on either manual grid point or grid cell sampling. 相似文献
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Weisz Randy Heiniger Ron White Jeffrey G. Knox Ben Reed Lonnie 《Precision Agriculture》2003,4(3):311-330
Variable rate (VR) fertilizer application is a paradigm with potential to improve input efficiency and farm profitability. It is widely marketed by commercial applicators in the southeastern US. However, field studies comparing VR with traditional management have not demonstrated consistent, positive results. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the soil impact, crop response and economic potential of VR phosphorus (P) and lime application in a North Carolina Piedmont no-till field crop system using intensive soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production and (2) to economically evaluate alternatives to standard commercial grid soil sampling for directing VR P and lime. A 23-ha long-term no-till field in the SE Piedmont was divided into 0.4ha plots assigned to either VR or uniform P and lime application. Grid soil sampling and VR P and lime application were done prior to four crops over 3 years: full season soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–double cropped soybean, and full season soybean. Soil test P, pH and crop yield response to VR P were inconsistent. Soil pH in areas with low pH initially did increase in response to VR lime, but it took two to three applications to bring all of these areas to the target pH. Once VR-liming raised initially low soil pH to levels close to target, yield of soybean, but not wheat, were up to 0.74Mgha–1 higher than with uniform lime. Even with significantly higher soybean yields associated with VR lime, 3 years of grid sampling and VR application were not profitable compared to uniform application. The results indicated that VR lime could be profitable if the initial grid sampling data were used either for 2 consecutive years, or if it was used to restrict future grid sampling to specific areas requiring further VR lime. 相似文献
11.
Machado S. Bynum E. D. Archer T. L. Bordovsky J. Rosenow D. T. Peterson C. Bronson K. Nesmith D. M. Lascano R. J. Wilson L. T. Segarra E. 《Precision Agriculture》2002,3(4):389-406
This study was conducted to determine relationships between biotic and abiotic factors and to generate information needed to improve the management of site-specific farming (SSF). The effects of water (80% evapotranspiration (ET) and 50% ET), hybrid (drought-tolerant and -susceptible), elevation, soil texture, soil NO3--N, soil pH, and greenbugs (Schizaphis graminum) (Gb) on sorghum grain yield were investigated at Halfway, TX on geo-referenced locations on a 30-m grid in 1997, 1998, and 1999. Grain yields were influenced by interrelationships among many factors. Grain yields were consistently high under 80% ET treatment and in the upper slopes where the clay and silt fractions of the soil were high. Soil NO3--N, rainfall, hybrid, and Gb effects on grain yields were seasonally unstable. Soil NO3--N increased grain yield when water was abundant and depressed grain yields when water was limiting. Plant density effects on grain yield were confounded with hybrid responses to drought and Gb infestation. Managing seasonally unstable factors is a major challenge for farmers and better ways to monitor crop growth and diagnose causes of poor plant growth are needed. To improve the management of SSF, effects of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors on crop yield must be integrated and evaluated as a system. Based on our study, information on seasonally stable factors like elevation and soil texture is useful in identifying management zones for water and fertilizer application. Water and fertilizers management should be complemented by in-season management of seasonally unstable factors like soil NO3--N, rainfall, hybrid, and Gb effects on grain yield. 相似文献
12.
Sampling Strategies for Mapping Soil Phosphorus and Soil Potassium Distributions in Cool Temperate Grassland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Unlike the situation for arable soils, virtually nothing is known about the spatial dependencies of soil properties in cool temperate grassland or about what the optimal sampling strategies ought to be for mapping soil nutrient distributions in such situations. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability in plant-available (soil) phosphorus and potassium in a grass silage field in Northern Ireland and devise optimal sampling strategies for mapping their distributions. Soil samples were collected from the field at 25 m intervals in a regular rectangular grid to provide a database of soil properties. Different data combinations were subsequently abstracted from this database for comparison purposes, and ordinary kriging used to produce interpolated soil maps. Soil potassium displayed greater spatial variability than soil phosphorus. In keeping with this observation, the results of three separate statistical procedures demonstrated that the optimal sample size for estimating the true population means was about twice as large for soil potassium as for soil phosphorus. Optimal sampling strategies, however, related not just to sample size but to sample combination and field shape as well. 相似文献
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大比例尺度下土壤的养分特征及其空间变异性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用“网格”取样、土壤养分状况系统研究法、地统计学方法及地理信息系统技术探讨了湖北省 1个自然村 (光芒村 )土壤的养分特征及其空间变异性。结果表明 :(1)土壤有机质、NH4+ N和有效K的含量普遍较低 ,有效P的含量相对较高 ,土壤有效S、B、Mn和Zn的含量低于临界值的比例分别为 4 8.8%、4 9.6 %、6 4 .3%和73.6 % ;(2 )土壤 pH及有效养分含量的变异系数按如下顺序逐渐增大 :pH 相似文献
15.
Spatial variability in grape yield and quality influenced by soil and crop nutrition characteristics
J. Arnó J. R. Rosell R. Blanco M. C. Ramos J. A. Martínez-Casasnovas 《Precision Agriculture》2012,13(3):393-410
Knowledge of spatial variability of soil fertility and plant nutrition is critical for planning and implementing site-specific
vineyard management. To better understand the key drivers behind vineyard variability, yield mapping from 2002 to 2005 and
2007 (the monitor broke down in 2006) was used to identify zones of different productive potential in a Pinot Noir field located
in Raimat (Lleida, Spain). Simultaneously, the vineyard field was sampled in 2002, 2003 and 2007, applying three different
schemes (depending on the number of target vines in different grape yield zones). The sampling carried out in 2002, which
involved different soil, topographic and crop properties (mineral contents in petiole), made it possible to evaluate the influence
of these parameters on the grape yield variability. The zones of lowest yield coincided with locations in which the nutritional
status of the crop exhibited the lowest values, particularly with respect to petiole contents of calcium and manganese. Sampling
systems adopted in 2003 and 2007 (grape quality and soil attributes) confirmed the inverse spatial correlation between grape
yield and some grape quality parameters and, more importantly, showed that the percentage of soil carbonates had a great influence
on grape quality probably due to the reduced availability of manganese in calcareous soils. Site-specific vineyard management
could therefore be considered using two different strategies: variable-rate application of foliar fertilizers to increase
the yield in areas with low production and also foliar or soil fertilizers to improve the quality specifications in some areas. 相似文献
16.
Early ventures into site-specific management involved fertilizer management decisions based on soil chemical properties characterized by some form of grid sampling. This is both labor and capital intensive and practitioners quickly began investigating other methods to get a measure of spatial variability. Aerial photographs, which were mainly used to evaluate and assess crop status, allow for the collection of whole-field data at relatively low cost. Our objective is to determine what relationships exist between aerial spectral data and intensive grid soil test results and whether this information can be used to improve future soil sampling strategies. Soil-test organic matter (OM) and Bray-1 P concentrations were measured on soil samples taken using an alternating 12.2- by 24.4-m grid in late March 1994 from a quarter section under center pivot irrigation. Spectral data were collected in the spring of 1996 prior to planting using a multispectral network of digital cameras. Correlations of brightness values from the blue, green, and NIR bands with both OM and Bray-1 P were significant, but relatively low. Normality tests revealed that brightness values for the spectral data sets were generally evenly distributed while those of the soil test OM and Bray-1 P were positively skewed. Many of the very high soil-test data values were due to past management. When those values were removed from the database, greater correlations between spectral data and soil test data were obtained. These results substantiated that aerial imagery can be used to improve sampling strategies, but it must be used in conjunction with existing knowledge and past management histories. 相似文献
17.
The identification of homogeneous management zones (MZs) within a field is a basis for site-specific management (SSM). We
assessed the method of defining MZs based on the spatio-temporal homogeneity of six soil properties and above-ground biomass
data from paddy rice, winter wheat and soybean over 3 years on a farm with 124 contiguous small paddy fields. The soil data
were recorded at 372 soil sampling sites on a rectangular grid over the farm. A non-hierarchical cluster analysis was applied
to the soil data and the algorithm grouped the sites into three clusters with similar soil properties. These clusters represent
soil fertility and soil drainage. The three clusters were not randomly distributed across the fields, but formed contiguous
areas associated with landscape position. This was due to the spatial variation of the soil in the study area. We delineated
five MZs based on the spatial structure of the soil heterogeneity of the study area. The validity of the MZs was evaluated
using the biomass data from paddy rice, winter wheat and soybean in each MZ; this depended mainly on soil fertility when conditions
were dry. When the growing season precipitation was greater than the 10-year average, the biomass of winter wheat and soybean
depended on soil drainage. This suggested that the delineation of MZs for site-specific management in fields under a paddy-upland
crop rotation system should be based on several soil properties. The biomass data from the three crops over 3 years was not
effective for delimiting MZs. 相似文献
18.
稻-麦轮作体系中有机氮与无机氮的去向研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
【目的】在中国多熟制农作生态系统条件下,农田中氮素的低有效度是阻碍作物高产和导致环境问题的重要因素。本项研究旨在跟踪稻麦轮作体系中化学氮肥与有机作物残茬(专指作物地上部秸秆)的氮素去向,为农田氮素的可持续管理提供理论依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计的田间多重复小区内设置15N同位素示踪微区的连续跟踪试验的方法。【结果】在施用化学氮肥的基础上无论作物残茬是取出还是还田,肥料对作物吸氮的贡献率为17.17%(16.55%—17.79%),而施用作物残茬的相应值为12.01%,即作物吸氮有82.83%或87.99%来源于土壤氮库。化学氮肥和作物残茬的作物氮素回收显示截然不同的模式:作物对化肥氮的回收呈现一次性特征,即施肥后第1季的氮回收量占到总回收氮量的92.04%,与之相应单施作物残茬区的第1季作物15N回收率为总回收率的38.03%。表明化肥氮绝大部分在第1季为作物回收,作物残茬氮则有较长的后效;第1季结束时,化学氮肥区和作物残茬区的土壤15N残留率分别为33.46%(两种残茬管理方式的平均值)和85.64%。残茬氮的土壤残留远远高于化肥氮的残留率;在第6季(化学氮肥区)或第5季(作物残茬区)结束时,化肥区与残茬区的作物+土壤的总15N回收率有显著差异(分别为64.38%和79.11%),而在施用化学氮肥的基础上加入或不加作物残茬对肥料氮的作物+土壤回收率则影响很小。【结论】化学肥料氮与作物残茬氮相比,前者对作物吸氮而言更为快速有效。而与之相反,作物残茬氮则对提高土壤供氮能力有更多贡献,因为作物残茬氮进入土壤有机质库的量高于化肥氮。为此,在农业生产中应实行化学氮肥与有机氮源的合理配合使用。 相似文献
19.
利用土壤养分测试、吸附试验和作物盆栽试验,对张家界桑植县植烟土壤养分限制因子进行系统诊断,以便比较高粱与烤烟在指示植烟土壤养分限制因子方面所存在的差异。结果表明,桑植植烟土壤有效Ca、Fe、Mn和B含量丰富;高粱与烤烟在指示桑植植烟土壤的养分限制因子及其亏缺顺序上基本相同,即N、P、S、Cu等,故土壤养分系统研究法中高粱作为一种通用的指示作物,基本上也能作为指示植物应用于植烟土壤养分的系统研究。但两种作物不同的营养特性使其指示作用存在一定差异,为使土壤养分状况系统研究法能够更科学合理的指导生产实践,其盆栽试验所选取的指示作物最好与田间种植作物一致。 相似文献
20.
Bare soil reflectance from airborne imagery or laboratory spectrometers has been used to infer soil properties such as soil texture, organic matter, water content, salinity and crop residue cover. However, the relation of soil properties to reflectance data often varies with soil type and conditions and surface reflectance may not be representative of the conditions in the root zone. The objectives of this study were to assess the soil reflectance data obtained by ground-based sensors and to model soil properties in the root zone as a function of surface soil reflectance and plant response. Ground-based sensors were used to simultaneously monitor soil and canopy reflectance in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) along six rows and in two growth stages in a 7 ha cotton field. The reflectance data were compared to soil properties, leaf nutrients and biomass measured at 33 sampling positions along the rows. Brightness values of the blue and green bands of soil reflectance were better correlated to soil water content, particulate organic matter and extractable potassium and phosphorus, while those in the red and NIR bands were correlated to soil carbonate content, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity and foliar nutrients. The correlation of red soil reflectance with canopy reflectance was significant and indicated an indirect inverse relationship between soil fertility and plant stress. The integration of surface soil reflectance and plant response variables in a multiple regression model did not substantially improve the prediction of soil properties in the root zone. However, crop nutrient status explained a significant portion of the spatial variability of soil properties related to nitrification processes when soil reflectance did not. The implication of these findings to agricultural management is discussed. 相似文献