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Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of heat stress on fearfulness, leucocyte components, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in two commercial broiler strains, Cobb (C) and Ross (R). 2. At 36 and 37 d of age birds were exposed to 38 +/- 1 degree C for 3 h. Rectal temperatures, duration of tonic immobility (TI), haematocrit values, proportions of leucocyte components (heterophil, lymphocyte, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GPx) of all the birds were determined, before and after heat treatment. 3. Rectal temperatures increased and haematocrit values decreased in birds exposed to heat stress. Heat stress caused a significant increase in heterophil/lymphocyte and in basophil ratios. 4. Exposing birds to heat stress increased duration of TI, suggesting heat-stressed birds tended to be more fearful. 5. Heat stress resulted in a significant Genotype x Treatment interaction for MDA concentration. CAT, SOD and GPx activities; MDA concentrations in heat-stressed R strain birds were greater than in heat-stressed C strain birds. 相似文献
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Objective To determine the frequency of the states of depression, anxiety, stress and burnout using internationally validated methods and to relate these to the demographic characteristics of veterinarians in Australia. Methods A postal survey of registered veterinarians with at least one year's experience and whose address was available; 1947 returned the questionnaire providing data for analysis. Results Overall, veterinarians describe higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress and burnout than the general population. The severity of these states was determined by gender, background, type of practice and years after graduation. Conclusions Modifying the curricula of veterinary schools to include the teaching of personal cognitive and coping skills to undergraduate veterinary students, the provision of the opportunity to enhance these skills throughout their veterinary career and changes in the veterinary workplace could result in improved mental health, increased job engagement and work satisfaction. 相似文献
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A J Webster 《Journal of animal science》1983,57(6):1584-1593
A satisfactory environment is one that satisfies the following four criteria: thermal comfort, physical comfort, disease control and behavioral satisfaction. Environmental stress, which may be direct or indirect, is anything that departs from these criteria. Analysis of environmental stress is best achieved by the statistical approach, obtaining correlations from large numbers of animals in natural environments with the experimental approach, and a proper analysis of these correlations into probable causative effects. The amount of scientific attention devoted to thermal stress in ruminants has been very large, yet its practical importance compared, e.g., with environmental stress and disease is relatively small. The most important environmental stresses today are those that have resulted from housing and other attempts to ameliorate the thermal environment. These include air pollution, physical injuries from building surfaces and the extremes of confinement. The contribution of environmental stresses to injury and to diseases such as mastitis and calf pneumonia are discussed and schemes are proposed for future experiments designed to analyze interactions between environment and disease. Examples are also given of approaches to the analysis of the stress of behavioral deprivation. 相似文献
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1引言自然界的各种动物均时时刻刻面临着不同应激的挑战,这是很正常的。野生动物的应激来自于不停的寻找有限的食物或害怕变成捕食者的美餐。另外,炎热的天气和寒冷的气候,以及各群体之间的拮抗作用等均可构成应激。在本文中我们主要讨论由潜在的损害性刺激引起的畜禽应激反应与一些异常行为之间的关系。这种应激反应的范畴非常广泛,其中有相对无害的自舐行为,也有极端野蛮的互相伤残现象。在畜牧业实际生产中,我们采取各种手段来尽量减少畜禽的应激反应,这不仅有利于动物本身,而且也有利于生产者。各种应激将会增加动物正常的维持需求量,例… 相似文献
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Friend TH 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(10):2568-2580
The aim of this study was to characterize progressive dehydration, stress responses, and water consumption patterns of horses transported long distances in hot weather and to estimate recovery time after 30 h of transport. Thirty adult mares and geldings were deprived of access to feed and water for 6 h, blocked by age, sex, breed, and body condition score, and assigned to one of the following treatments: penned, offered water (Penned/Watered, n = 5); penned, no water (Penned, n = 5); transported, offered water (Transported/Watered, two groups of n = 5); or transported, no water (Transported, two groups of n = 5). None of the horses had access to feed while on treatment. A commercial, single-deck, open-top, 15.8-m-long trailer was divided into four compartments to accommodate the two Transported/Watered and two Transported groups at 1.77 m2 per horse. At 8, 17, 22, 27, 30, and 33 h after initiation of transport, the truck returned and stopped for 1 h to allow for data collection and to give the Transported/Watered and Penned/Watered horses 10 min of access to water in individual buckets. Treatments for the non-watered horses (Penned and Transported) were terminated after 30 h due to dehydration and fatigue, whereas the watered horses (Penned/Watered and Transported/Watered) could continue for another 2 h. Mean weight loss after 30 h was greater in the Penned (57.1 kg, 12.8%) and Transported (52.2 kg, 10.3%) groups than in the Transported/Watered (20.7 kg, 4.0%) and Penned/Watered (17 kg, 3.5%) groups (P < 0.0001). Respiration, heart rate, sodium, chloride, total protein, and osmolality were significantly elevated in the non-watered horses (P < 0.0001), and sodium, chloride, total protein, and osmolality greatly exceeded normal reference ranges, indicating severe dehydration. Although not statistically significant, the horses penned in full sun, with or without water, had a dehydration response that was slightly greater than that of the transported horses. Plasma cortisol concentrations had a significant time x treatment interaction (P < 0.0001), in which the Penned/Watered and Transported/Watered horses remained relatively consistent, whereas the Transported, and especially the Penned, horses' plasma cortisol concentrations greatly increased. Transporting healthy horses for more than 24 h during hot weather and without water will cause severe dehydration; transport for more than 28 h even with periodic access to water will likely be harmful due to increasing fatigue. 相似文献
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Han Li Yifeng Zhang Rong Li Yan Wu Dingran Zhang Hongrun Xu Yangdong Zhang Zhili Qi 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(1):216
This study aimed to assess the impact of seasonal thermal stress on oxidative stress, immune response, and stress hormones of lactating dairy cows in subtropical regions with different levels of temperature-humidity index (THI). A total of 32 healthy lactating Holstein dairy cows experienced 4 seasons (8 cows/season). The physiological parameters were categorized into low THI (LTHI, THI = 42.97 ± 0.95) in winter, moderate THI (MTHI, THI = 61.84 ± 0.42) in spring and autumn, and high THI period (HTHI, THI = 86.09 ± 0.23) in summer. The blood samples were collected twice in each season to measure oxidative stress, inflammatory and hormonal parameters. Our results showed THI had a positive correlation with the rectal temperature (R2 = 0.821, P < 0.001) and respiratory rate (R2 = 0.816, P < 0.001). Dry matter intake, milk yield and fat percentage also significantly differed among groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the MTHI group, the LTHI group exhibited a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P < 0.001), and the HTHI group displayed a significant increase in levels of cortisol, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.001). Opposite changes in serum endotoxin and immunoglobulin G levels were observed with the increasing THI (P < 0.001). LTHI notably increased the triiodothyronine level, although the thyroxine level was reduced by LTHI and HTHI compared with the MTHI group. In conclusion, LTHI and HTHI conditions may induce different degrees of oxidative stress, inflammation response, and stress hormone imbalances on lactating dairy cows, therefore environmental management is necessary for the health of dairy cows in extreme weather conditions. 相似文献
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盐胁迫对金盏菊生长、抗氧化能力和盐胁迫蛋白的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用NaCl浓度为0(对照),10,50,100,200,300 mmol/L分别处理金盏菊,对不同盐浓度下金盏菊生长、抗氧化能力和盐胁迫蛋白的变化进行了研究。结果显示,在不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,与对照相比,金盏菊鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,而MDA含量呈先下降后上升趋势;Na+含量、细胞质膜透性呈上升趋势,而根系脱氢酶活性、K+含量、CAT活性则呈下降趋势。电泳结果显示,POD有8个谱带;10 mmol/L NaCl处理诱导盐胁迫蛋白产生,而其他浓度盐胁迫均无盐胁迫蛋白诱导产生。因此,10 mmol/L NaCl处理对金盏菊生长有一定促进作用,而随着NaCl浓度逐渐增加,其生长受抑制程度也逐渐加重。综合分析表明,金盏菊耐盐阈值为100 mmol/L。 相似文献
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Thermophysiological,haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Pascual‐Alonso G. C. Miranda‐de la Lama L. Aguayo‐Ulloa M. Villarroel M. Mitchell G. A. María 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(3):541-551
The study was conducted to evaluate the thermophysiological, haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road. A total of 44 Chamarita breed adult ewes were randomly allotted to one of two groups, one control group (untransported) and transported group (journey of 4 h), and blood stress indicators were measured 1 day before transport and at four time points post‐transport (0, 4 and 24 h). Thermophysiological profiles of ewes were measured by temperature buttons (iButton Thermochron®) and placed in intravaginal sponges. Direct observations, with a combination of scan and behaviour sampling, were carried out to collect information on individual behaviour and the time it took the ewes to drink water, eat and rest after returning to their pen respectively. Transported ewes lost approximately 1 kg live weight compared to controls and had higher body temperatures until 12 h post‐transport. Cortisol, glucose, non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations as well as the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and other physiological indicators were higher immediately after unloading in transported ewes but mostly returned to normal after 4 h, with complete recovery after 24 h. Behavioural analysis post‐transport demonstrated that transported ewes chose to eat before drinking and spent less time resting than controls in the first 3 h after unloading. The study demonstrates that transportation even under short‐journey conditions induced behavioural, physiological and thermophysiological responses indicative of the induction of significant stress, leading to live weight shrinkage that may jeopardize farmer's incomes. Finally, results of this study validated the use of iButton Thermochron® data loggers for monitoring the stress response during transport. 相似文献
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Trevisi E Amadori M Cogrossi S Razzuoli E Bertoni G 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):695-704
Increased disease rates are commonly reported among high-yielding dairy cows in the transition period, extending from 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after calving, and characterized by the occurrence of an inflammatory response in terms of both positive and negative acute phase proteins (APP+ and APP-). To determine the above inflammatory response, the authors had developed the Liver Functionality Index (LFI), which defines the above condition on the basis of some APP- responses (albumin, cholesterol sensu stricto+bilirubin) during the first month of lactation. In this respect, low LFI values are associated to a high inflammatory response and vice versa. The relationship between LFI and inflammatory cytokine response was investigated from day -28 to day +28 with respect to calving in 12 periparturient dairy cows showing the six highest and six lowest LFI values within a cohort of 54 high-yielding dairy cows. The hypothesis being tested was that LFI and APP- on the whole could be used as readout of successful vs. non-successful adaptation to the transition period, with a strong association to disease occurrence. In fact, low LFI cows experienced many more disease cases (13 vs. 3 in high LFI Group) and related drug treatments till day +28. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum concentrations were always higher in low LFI cows (P<0.05 on day +28). The greater IL-6 levels were correlated with higher ceruloplasmin (APP+) and lower lysozyme serum concentrations (P<0.05 and <0.1, respectively). This latter finding was correlated with a clear role in vitro of lysozyme in a dose-dependent modulation of the inflammatory response of swine intestinal epithelial cells and bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hematological examinations showed no significant differences between the two groups under study. On the whole, our results indicate that LFI and LFI-related parameters could be used to identify cows at risk in the transition period toward an improved farm management. Also, our study indicates that disease cases in periparturient, high-yielding dairy cows are correlated with signs of accentuated IL-6 response and other markers of inflammatory phenomena. These likely start in the late lactation period or around dry-off, as suggested by our prepartal data, and proceed at much greater levels after calving. 相似文献
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随着集约化、规模化肉鸡业的迅速发展,高密度饲养环境下,肉鸡舍内温度极易升高,特别是在夏季鸡群常常发生热应激反应和生产性能下降,免疫机能减退,发病率和死亡率增加。通过大量研究发现,以饮水或拌料方式添加某些营养物质、药物或生态制剂,补充机体营养需要,调控新陈代谢,从而可以达到缓解肉鸡热应激反应的目的。
但是,我们也应从描述维生素最末的那句话中获得同样客观的启发;营养、药物及生态制剂只是抗应激的手段之一,而不是全部。 相似文献
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There have been few formal studies on stress in veterinary surgeons and, in the rare studies available, stress is not examined jointly through the levels of job strain and job engagement, the sources of stress in the issue of work environment and the work-home interference. The authors' goal in this study was to analyse job engagement, job strain, burnout, work-home interference and job stress factors among 216 Belgian veterinary surgeons. Rural practice was compared to small animal and mixed activity. The mean job strain and job engagement level in veterinary surgeons was not higher than what we found in other working populations. However, 15.6% of the group were found to be suffering from high burnout. Rural practitioners had a lower level of job engagement than small animal veterinary surgeons. These small animal practitioners had a lower level of job strain than the mixed practitioners. The level of burnout did not differ significantly across the three types of activity. In comparison to other Belgian and Dutch workers, veterinary surgeons perceived more negative work-home interference. Bovine and mixed practitioners were the most concerned with this problem. The two most important sources of stress reported by bovine practitioners were relations to farmers and working time management (including emergencies and availability). 相似文献
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动物应激医学及应激的分子调控机制 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
应激（stress）是机体受到体内外非特异的有害因子的刺激所表现的防御反应。应激可使动物发生生理和行为学改变，过度应激不仅影响畜禽生产性能，而且会诱发多种疾病，甚至造成死亡。动物应激尤其是极端条件下的动物应激日益受到人们的关注，对应激损伤的作用机制和防治措施研究也正成为热点研究领域。动物应激医学应成为动物医学的重要组成部分，开展动物应激医学研究对我国畜牧业生产及动物保健具有重要意义。 相似文献
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盐胁迫对红豆草幼苗生长和离子积累及分配的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以3周龄红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)幼苗为材料,研究了不同浓度(0、5、25、50、100和200mmol·L~(-1))NaCl及50mmol·L~(-1)处理不同时间(0、1、3、5、7和9d)对其生长和离子积累及分配的影响,以期解析红豆草响应盐胁迫的生理机制。结果表明,与对照(0mmol·L~(-1))相比,5、25和50 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl对红豆草幼苗生长影响不大;而100和200mmol·L~(-1)明显抑制其生长。随着盐浓度增加,红豆草地上部和根Na+浓度呈显著增加趋势(P0.05),其中50~200mmol·L~(-1)下,地上部Na+浓度较对照增加14~39倍。特别是200mmol·L~(-1)使根Na+净吸收速率较对照增加了35倍,使整株总Na+量和地上部Na+相对分配比例分别增加了93%和45%;而显著降低了根的K+、Na+选择性运输能力。在50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl下,随着处理时间延长,地上部和根Na+浓度也呈逐渐增加趋势,但根中的Na+到7d时达到最大,然后呈下降趋势;相反,K+浓度均呈缓慢下降趋势,且根中的浓度始终高于地上部。由此可见,在5~50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl下,红豆草通过维持其体内K+、Na+稳态平衡抵御盐胁迫;而在100和200 mmol·L~(-1)下,红豆草地上部积累大量Na+,但其叶片Na+区域化及K+选择性转运能力较弱,导致植株体内Na+、K+稳态紊乱,产生离子毒害,从而抑制其生长。 相似文献