共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Tomasz Mieszczankin 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,99(1-4):587-592
Resuspension in the main basin of Lake Go?ci?? results approximately a doubling of the total sedimentation rate in the deepest region. The increase pollen flux in bottom traps during overturn was more four times higher than in the upper traps. The most intensive pollen sedimentation was recorded before and just after freeze-up. This could only have been the result of previous sediment resuspension. Mechanisms of sedimentation in the studied lake showed that resuspension and resedimentation can change "the environmental record" of events even in a lake with laminated sediments. Higher sedimentation of pollen during autumn circulation confirmed that in the sediment layers (varves or laminae) particles from previous seasons also could have been found. In the bay pollen sedimentation was lower and depended on plant flowering, there was no resuspension. 相似文献
2.
华北平原典型农田CO2和N2O排放通量及其与土壤养分动态和施肥的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对华北平原小麦-棉花(麦棉)、小麦-大豆(麦豆)、小麦-玉米(麦玉)轮作田的CO2和N2O排放通量进行了测定,分析了温室气体排放通量与土壤中碳、氮元素、气温以及施肥等之间的关系。主要结论:1)麦棉、麦豆、麦玉田的土壤CO2平均排放通量分别为CO2-C 141.7、109.8、128.2 mg.m-2.h-1,其中夏播作物的排放通量高于小麦季;2)麦棉、麦豆及麦玉田作物生长季的土壤N2O平均排放通量分别为N2O-N 98.8、38.9、44.7μg.m-2.h-1,也表现为麦后季作物的排放量高于小麦季;3)同一生育期中不同处理的N2O排放主要与土壤中无机氮含量相关,不同生育期的N2O排放通量主要受不同生育期的土壤温度及水分状况的影响;4)在施肥灌溉后的9 d内土壤N2O排放通量较高,之后逐渐降低,至施肥后22～27 d即与不施肥处理的排放持平。 相似文献
3.
Steven W. Effler Emmet M. Owens Keith A. Schimel 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,27(3-4):247-258
Denstity stratification was characterized in ionically enriched Onondaga Lake for a 7 mo period of 1980, based on paired profiles of temperature and cloride collected at 1 m depth intervals from a single deep water location on 54 different occasions. The lake was both thermally and chemically stratified. The chemical component represented 38.5% of the density stratification for the study period. It was most often the dominant component in establishing the depth of the upper mixed layer, which was unusually shallow in the lake. Further, the presense of the chemical component prolonged the stratification period. The chemical component of stratification decreased progressively through the study. The altered stratification characteristics of the lake may have negative effects on the level of biomass in the upper waters and the oxygen resources of the lower waters. 相似文献
4.
The aim of this investigation was to study the temporal variation in phosphorus release from the sediments and its influence on water quality of stratified lakes. The concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), calcium and sulfate in the interstitial water and the pH in the wet sediments of dimictic lakes were investigated during the spring circulation and at the end of summer stratification. Multiple regression analysis using the calculated diffusive fluxes of SRP out of the sediments and the morphometric characteristics of the lakes (reduced water depth), explained 73 % of the variance of the SRP-accumulation in the hypolimnia during summer stagnation. At the end of surnmer stratification diffusive fluxes of SRP out of the sediments increased and pH-values and sulfate-concentrations decreased at the sediment surface (0–2 em) and in the hypolimnia. The maximum diffusive flux of SRP was calculated to be 5.8 mg/m2/d at the end of summer stagnation. Prob able reasons for these higher diffusive fluxes of SRP at the end of summer stagnation are higher supply of labile organic matter and thereby higher mineralization rates. lower redox potential and thus higher dissolution of redox sensitive P-binding forms and/or dissolution of phosphorus being bound to Ca-phases at lower pH. 相似文献
5.
This paper presents the results of a study on nutrient exchange at the sediment-water interface which is caused by early diagenesis and resuspension of bottom sediments. The research was carried out on anoxic silty-clay sediment cores collected south of the Po river delta (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) in late summer. The early diagenetic processes were investigated by means of the integrated study of pore-water chemistry and solid phase composition. Exchange at the sediment-water interface was studied by comparing the fluxes measured in incubated cores with the fluxes calculated by modelling pore-water profiles. Nutrient exchange during resuspension was analysed by simulating a storm event in the laboratory. The high production of nutrients near the sediment-water interface is mainly caused by the anoxic degradation of organic matter and the successive reductions of Mn and Fe-oxyhydroxides and, to a lesser extent, of sulphate. The oxic degradation of organic matter occurs only at the sediment-water interface. In the incubation experiment the increases of phosphate, ammonia, nitrate, silica, and Fe in bottom waters were measured. The comparison between calculated and measured fluxes showed that: a) the fluxes are mainly controlled by molecular diffusion; b) phosphate and Fe sink because of the Fe-oxyhydroxide precipitation and nitrification process influences the ammonia and nitrate fluxes. Resuspension caused the release of: a) phosphate through surficial desorption and authigenic apatite dissolution; b) ammonia by means of the oxic degradation of organic matter; and c) dissolved silica generated by biogenic silica dissolution. Resuspension also caused a weak removal of Fe. The more oxic conditions following resuspension favoured the formation of a Fe-oxyhydroxide film at the sediment-water interface which inhibited the phosphate fluxes from sediments to the water column. 相似文献
6.
Two time-series sediment traps were deployed south-east of the Po River delta (North Adriatic Sea) in 23m of water at 12 meters and 21 meters depths from 12/20/89 to 06/26/90. Temperature, conductivity, salinity, pH, Eh, O2, transmittance profiles, wave height, speed and direction of currents were measured. Bottom sediments and river suspended matter were periodically collected during the same period. Organic carbon, Al, Fe and Mn concentrations and partitioning of Phosphorous on the solid phase in sediment samples were determined. This made it possible to calculate vertical fluxes at two water levels, and then to quantify and separate veritical fluxes of sinking particles into fluxes of lateral transports (river input), primary production and resuspension. To do so, the approach was based on the identification, comparison and integration of two different label substances (POC and Mn). This led to the finding that sediment fluxes and biogeochemical characters of suspended matter are in good agreement with seasonal differences and short-term events such as river floods, algal blooms and marine storms. A decrease in organic carbon along the water column (5.13% mean value at 12 in, 2.84% mean value at 21 m) with minimal values in the bottom sediment (1.49% mean value) was detected. Resuspension and reoxygenation increase the mineralization of organic matter (occurring already in water column). Differences in adsorption and desorption in the fine particulates of fundamental elements for primary production such as phosphorous were detected at different levels in the water column and in the bottom sediments. 相似文献
7.
以1961—2010年白龙江流域气温和降水量资料为基础,综合运用线性趋势分析、多项式回归、Mann-Kendall趋势性检测和突变分析、复Morlet小波分析和R/S分析等数理统计方法,在季节和年际尺度上研究了气温和降水量的趋势性、波动性、突变性、周期性和持续性。结果表明:在研究时段内四季和年平均气温均呈显著上升趋势,20世纪80年代中期之前升温缓慢,90年代以来升温速率明显加快并发生暖突变。年降水量呈“多—少—多—少”的波动变化,整体微弱减少。春季和冬季降水量分别呈“多—少—多”和“少—多—少”变化,整体微弱增加。夏季和秋季分别呈“多—少—多—少”和“多—少”变化,整体微弱减少。气温和降水量存在7,11,22 a左右的准周期变化。未来一段时间内,四季和年平均气温将可能继续升高,夏季和冬季降水量将可能增加,而春季、秋季和年降水量将可能减少。 相似文献
8.
耕作措施对华北农田CO_2排放影响及水热关系分析 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
为探讨不同耕作措施对农田土壤呼吸排放的影响及其与土壤温度、水分之间的关系,该研究利用长期定位试验研究翻耕、旋耕、免耕3种耕作措施下冬小麦、夏玉米生育期农田CO2的排放通量及其季节变化规律,并通过农田土壤温度、水分对CO2的排放通量进行回归统计分析.结果表明:不同耕作措施下农田CO2排放通量具有明显的季节排放规律,冬小麦、夏玉米生育期农田CO2排放通量:翻耕>旋耕>免耕,且处理间差异都达到显著或极显著水平.不同耕作措施对农田土壤温度及土壤含水率具有显著的影响,免耕条件下农田各层土壤温度最低,冬小麦季免耕农田土壤水分含量高于其他两处理.各处理条件下农田CO2排放通量与土壤温度具有显著的相关性,其中翻耕处理的CO2排放通量与10 cm土温相关性最高,旋耕和免耕则均与20 cm土温相关性最高.当土壤温度高于10℃时CO2排放通量与5 cm土壤含水率具有显著的相关性,此时土壤水分成为CO2排放的主要影响因素. 相似文献
9.
东北地区持续低温指数的温度敏感性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用东北地区73个气象台站1961-2005年日最低温度和平均温度观测资料,分析持续低温指数（Consecutive Cold Day Index,CCDI）对温度变化的响应规律,探讨其对农业生产的可能影响.结果表明,研究期内东北地区年、季平均温度均呈上升趋势（P＜0.01）,其中冬季增温幅度最大,夏季最小,2001-2005年夏、秋、冬季平均温度有所下降、年际变率增大;研究期内年、季CCDI值均呈减少的趋势,年际变率增大,不同季节CCDI降幅及年际变率差异明显,2001-2005年的年、季CCDI较1991-2000年有所升高;研究期内年、季CCDI的温度敏感系数皆为正值,说明年、季CCDI值随相应的年、季平均温度升高而下降;CCDI的温度敏感系数及CCDI与平均温度的相关系数均呈阶段性减小的趋势,但90年代中期以来又有所增加.虽然东北地区年平均温度升高、CCDI下降,但由于存在季节间差异,夏季热量条件并未得到很大改善,加之温度波动加剧、更晚熟作物品种的大量播种,致使低温冷害频繁发生,因此在东北地区栽种晚熟作物品种仍需谨慎. 相似文献
10.
Since 1977 open cast (open pit) coal mining has increased discharge of silt-laden wastes into Lake Waahi, a small shallow lake in the Waikato River system, New Zealand. Phenolic wastes from a coal carbonization factory on the major tributary also have entered the lake in high but variable concentrations since 1974. During and after the summer of 1978–1979 total suspended solids and turbidity were high, the formerly dense macrophyte beds disappeared, the summer phytoplankton community changed from dominance by blue-green algae to diatoms, the eel fishery failed and the black swan population decreased to low levels. The once abundant lake resident form of the common smelt declined drastically between 1975 and 1981 and apparently was extinct by 1983. The migratory form, although abundant until 1981, was scarce by 1983. Low water levels in the outlet stream and the malfunction of a fish pass in the flood control structure located near its mouth may have impeded upstream migration in the spring of 1982. The major cause for the changes in Lake Waahi was the addition of silt; however, the loss of macrophytes may have caused increased toxicity of phenols, particularly to eels, and also promoted continual resuspension of sediments by more effective wind-produced circulation. Remedial measures are considered. 相似文献
11.
若尔盖高原高寒草甸生态系统是青藏高原能量和水分循环的重要组成部分,但该地区地面水热通量观测数据非常缺乏。本研究基于涡动相关法,于2013年11月1日−2014年10月31日,利用三维超声风温仪和红外开路二氧化碳/水汽分析仪在若尔盖高原一典型高寒草甸开展周年通量观测,以揭示其地表能量交换和蒸散特征及影响因素。结果表明：高寒草甸地表能量通量各组分呈显著的日变化和季节变化特征,净辐射通量、感热通量、潜热通量和土壤热通量的年均值分别为94.5、21.0、51.8和1.2Wm−2。非生长季感热稍占优势,生长季潜热占绝对主导地位,波文比全年平均值为0.70,能量平衡闭合率年平均值为0.77。辐射是感热通量的主要气象影响因子,潜热通量则受温度、辐射和饱和水汽压差共同影响。日蒸散量变化范围为0.12～5.09mmd−1,全年平均值为1.82mmd−1。非生长季蒸散主要受土壤表面导度因子控制,生长季则由辐射主导,土壤和植被表面导度因子为次要影响因素。在季节尺度上,蒸散的变化取决于降水分布,全年降水和蒸散量分别为682.7mm和673.6mm,其中生长季分别占全年总量的84%和82%。6−7月降水匮乏抑制了蒸散,此时土壤储水成为蒸散的主要水源,从全年看,降水基本都以蒸散的方式返回大气。与青藏高原上同类观测研究相比,地表能量通量和蒸散都有相似的季节变化趋势,但观测到的年平均波文比和年蒸散量最大,气温、降水、地表植被等因素的共同作用导致这一结果。研究数据可作为地面验证资料,用于若尔盖地区陆面模式参数化方案的优化和卫星遥感反演资料的校验。 相似文献
12.
Alan K. Betts John H. Ball Alan G. Barr T. Andy Black J. Harry McCaughey Pedro Viterbo 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2006,140(1-4):365
This analysis uses long time-series of daily mean data from the three BERMS flux sites in central Saskatchewan to explore biases in ERA-40 at a close-by grid-point, and to study the relationships between surface variables and fluxes and cloud cover in the observed and model data sets. On the seasonal timescale the biases in ERA-40 of temperature and humidity are small, but the model has a high bias in evaporation, and except in mid-summer a low bias of reflective cloud, which gives a high bias in the surface downward net shortwave flux. In summer, on days with high observed cloud cover, the model has too little cloud, and a corresponding high sensible heat flux and a warm, dry bias; while on summer days when observed cloud is lower, the model biases are generally reversed. The internal relationships between near-surface relative humidity, linked to the mean lifting condensation level, cloud cover and the surface radiation fluxes are however very similar in model and data. Although cause and effect cannot be determined from these biases alone, given the complexity of the interactions, they suggest possible errors in both the land-surface model and the atmospheric cloud parameterizations. 相似文献
13.
This paper presents an improved version of a general, process-based mass-balance model (LakeMab/LEEDS) for phosphorus in entire lakes (the ecosystem scale). The focus in this work is set on the boundary conditions, i.e., the domain of the model, and critical tests to reveal those boundary conditions using data from a wide limnological range. The basic structure of the model, and many key equations have been presented and motivated before, but this work presents several new developments. The LakeMab-model is based on ordinary differential equations regulating inflow, outflow and internal fluxes and the temporal resolution is one month to reflect seasonal variations. The model consists of four compartments: surface water, deep water, sediment on accumulation areas and sediment on areas of erosion and transportation. The separation between the surface-water layer and the deep-water layer is not done from water temperature data, but from sedimentological criteria (from the theoretical wave base, which regulates where wind/wave-induced resuspension of fine sediments occurs). There are algorithms for processes regulating internal fluxes and internal loading, e.g., sedimentation, resuspension, diffusion, mixing and burial. Critical model tests were made using data from 41 lakes of very different character and the results show that the model could predict mean monthly TP-concentrations in water very well (generally within the uncertainty bands given by the empirical data). The model is even easier to apply than the well-known OECD and Vollenweider models due to more easily accessed driving variables. 相似文献
14.
骆马湖是江苏省四大淡水湖泊之一,是南水北调东线工程重要蓄水库。2008年6月、10月及2009年4月对骆马湖东侧10个采样点的沉积物分层采样进行了分析,结果表明,骆马湖沉积物中,不同深度总氮含量变幅在0.13～2.91mg.g-1,平均（0.86±0.50）mg.g-1,季节变化不显著;总磷含量变幅为0.03～0.41mg.g-1,平均（0.19±0.10）mg.g-1,春季〉夏季〉秋季,季节变化显著;碱性磷酸酶活性最高为592.39mg.kg-1.h-1,最低为44.59mg.kg-1.h-1,平均（233.83±132.70）mg.kg-1.h-1,春季〉夏季〉秋季,季节变化显著,与总磷含量呈正相关。研究结果可初步揭示骆马湖沉积物中氮、磷和碱性磷酸酶的分布状况、变化规律,为骆马湖的治理与管理提供科学依据,为南水北调过水湖泊的水质安全问题提供参考。 相似文献
15.
Paul A. Bukaveckas 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,41(1-4):223-240
Phytoplankton community characteristics were monitored prior to and following CaCO3 addition to two small, highly acidic lakes (Cranberry Pond and Woods Lake) and one larger, less acidic lake (L. Simon Pond). Data were also collected from a control site (Dart's Lake) exhibiting chemical characteristics similar to the pretreatment conditions observed at the experimental sites. In the two small, most acidic lakes, base addition was associated with higher chlorophyll levels during the first summer following treatment. Woods Lake was maintained at a circumneutral pH for 3 yr and exhibited increased phytoplankton abundance throughout the posttreatment period. In contrast, Cranberry Pond reacidified within 1 yr following based addition. Reacidification was accomplished by a decrease in lake chlorophyll levels to pre-treatment levels. At the larger, less acidic lake (L. Simon Pond), liming was associated with lower chlorophyll levels during the first summer after treatment. Reductions in chlorophyll levels at L. Simon Pond reflect the absence of the spring phytoplankton peak and a decrease in phytoplankton growth below the depth of the thermocline. At Cranberry Pond, annual differences in phytoplankton production did not correspond to changes in lake acidity and phytoplankton abundance. Productivity in Woods Lake exhibited an increasing trend during the 3 yr following treatment. Interpretation of treatment effects on productivity was confounded by high between-year variability at the control site. 相似文献
16.
洛阳孟津地区近47年来气温的变化特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用洛阳孟津地区地面气象观测站1961—2007年气温观测资料,运用线性倾向估计、M-K突变检验、小波分析和累积距平等方法对近47a来温度变化的主要特征进行了分析。结果表明,近47a来平均气温呈增加趋势,线性增温速率为0．19℃·（10a）^-1,其震荡周期为21～27a;季节温度变化最显著特点为冬季增温显著,夏季持续偏冷,春季和秋季增温明显。据季节温度震荡主周期判断,未来短时间内（3～6a）各季节均主要处于偏暖期。1993年至今,≥0℃和≥10℃的活动积温处于回升阶段。 相似文献
17.
1961-2007年鄱阳湖周边地区气温变化趋势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于鄱阳湖周边10个气象观测站的日平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温的观测资料,利用Mann-Ken-dall(M-K)趋势分析法和Pettitt-Mann-Whitney突变点检验法,分析了1961-2007年鄱阳湖周边地区气温序列的变化特征。结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖周边地区日平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温的年均值呈上升趋势,日最低气温的年均值增温幅度最大(0.25℃/10a)且显著性水平高,日平均气温的年均值次之,日最高气温的年均值增温趋势显著性较低;(2)日平均气温和日最低气温的冬季均温不仅突变时间开始早、显著性水平高,而且增温幅度也是最大的,春季均温、秋季均温次之,而夏季均温变化均不显著;(3)对比分析发现(1971-2004年),鄱阳湖周边地区增温趋势与全国及全球一致,但升温幅度(0.33℃/10a)高于全国的升温幅度(0.21℃/10a),也明显高于同期全球平均的升温幅度(0.15℃/10a)。 相似文献
18.
温度对旱田土壤N2O排放的影响研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以南方亚热带代表性旱田土壤—贵州玉米 -油菜轮作田、大豆 -冬小麦轮作田和休耕地为研究对象 ,同步观测了整个轮作期土壤N2 O排放通量和温度的季节变化。同时 ,采用DNDC模型定量探讨了未来气温变化对土壤N2 O排放的潜在影响。结果表明 ,温度是土壤N2 O排放通量规律性日变化的最主要控制因素 ;除大豆地外 ,其他作物生长季节和休耕地的N2 O排放通量季节变化与温度之间均存在一定程度的正相关性 ,其中冬春季休耕地的N2 O排放通量与温度间存在弱指数函数关系。模型检验结果表明 ,除大豆地外 ,其余试验地的N2 O排放通量均随年均气温升高而升高 ,在冬春季 ,土壤N2 O排放通量对气温变化的敏感性强于夏秋季 ,尤其以冬春季休耕地受气温变化的影响最为显著。 相似文献
19.
A. Heinemeyer D. Tortorella B. Petrovičová A. Gelsomino 《European Journal of Soil Science》2012,63(2):249-260
We deployed an automated multiplexed soil‐respiration (SR) system to monitor partitioned soil CO2 component fluxes (from roots, mycorrhizal hyphae and heterotrophs) in a UK grassland using a combination of shallow surface (total SR flux), deep (excluding roots and mycorrhizal fungi) and 20‐µm pore mesh window soil collars (excluding roots only). Soil CO2 efflux was monitored during a 3‐month period during summer. Repeated cutting of mycorrhizal connections in some of the mycorrhizal treatments enabled assessment of subsequent recovery of mycorrhizal fluxes and a comparison with deep collar fluxes. After soil collar insertion, fluxes in the deep collars were significantly reduced, by approximately 40%. Whereas fluxes in the uncut, mycorrhizal collar treatments remained close to those from the surface collar, cut mycorrhizal treatments showed an immediate reduction after cutting to values close to those from the deep collar with a subsequent recovery of around 4 weeks. Overall, the autotrophic root and mycorrhizal flux was relatively stable throughout. Whereas root fluxes contributed about 10–30% of the total flux during the initial larger flux period, this declined and there was an increased mycorrhizal contribution during the latter part of the measurement period. Moreover, SR flux components differed in their response to key climatic factors, with root fluxes responding equally to temperature and light. Importantly, whereas the heterotrophic flux component responded strongly to temperature and soil moisture, the mycorrhizal component responded much less to those factors, but more to light. We also investigated treatment impacts over time on soil biochemical variables such as microbial biomass C, extractable C, microbial quotient and metabolic quotient, and bacterial community structure, and discussed these in relation to measured SR fluxes and the partitioning technique. 相似文献
20.
S. E. Lindberg R.R. Turner T. P. Meyers G. E. Taylor Jr. W. H. Schroeder 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1991,56(1):577-594
Aerosol and total vapor-phase Hg concentrations in air have been measured at Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee for ≈ 2 yr.
Airborne Hg at this site is dominated by vapor forms which exhibit a strong seasonal cycle, with summer maxima that correspond
to elevated air temperature. Concentrations in this forest are near background levels; however, concentrations at a site within
3 km are significantly elevated due to emissions from Hg-contaminated soils. The concentration data have been combined with
a recently modified dry deposition model to estimate dry deposition fluxes to the deciduous forest at Walker Branch. Weekly
mean modeled Vd values for Hg° ranged from <0.01 (winter) to > 0.1 (summer) cm s1. Weekly dry deposition fluxes ranged from <0.1 μg m−2 during winter to > 1.0 μgg m−2 in the summer. Our dry deposition estimates plus limited measurements of wet deposition in this area indicate that dry deposition
may be the dominant input process in this forest, at least during the summer. 相似文献