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1.
为了研究线粒体相关基因精氨酸酶2(arginase-2,ARG2)在J亚群禽白血病病毒(J subgroup leukosis virus, ALV-J)感染中的作用,试验采用qRT-PCR方法分别检测感染ALV-J后试验组鸡不同器官和DF-1细胞中ARG2基因的表达情况,分析ARG2基因和ALV-J感染之间是否有联系;设计ARG2基因的过表达载体(过表达ARG2组)和干扰片段(干扰ARG2组)转染DF-1细胞,并以pcDNA3.1或Si-NC为对照,采用qRT-PCR方法检测ARG2基因的过表达和干扰效率;采用qRT-PCR、Western-blot和间接免疫荧光试验检测过表达或干扰ARG2基因后感染ALV-J的DF-1细胞中gp85基因及Env蛋白表达情况,从而综合分析ARG2基因对ALV-J复制的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组鸡的脾脏、法氏囊中ARG2基因相对表达量极显著降低(P<0.01),而肾脏中ARG2基因相对表达量极显著升高(P<0.01)。同时在体外试验中,ARG2基因在感染后第6,12小时时相对表达量降低(P>0.05或P<0.05),而... 相似文献
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美国蓝茎冰草、中间偃麦草、高冰草引种试验 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
2001年中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所由美国引进3种旱生栽培牧草（美国蓝茎冰草Agropyron smithii、中间偃麦草Elytrigia intermedia、高冰草A. elongatum）在甘肃兰州种植,对其进行了引种驯化和种子繁殖。2002-2004年完成了半干旱地区的区域试验和品比试验。试验结果表明：3种引进牧草能够适应当地气候条件,具有抗旱、耐寒、产草量高和耐粗放管理的优良性状。2003年青草产量51 522.0～66 031.5 kg/hm2,与对照中产量最高的蒙古冰草A. mongolium相比,高于对照49.2%～91.3％;种子产量低于对照。 相似文献
3.
对假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro)Hack.)胚性愈伤组织进行反复间歇低温处理并结合长期继代,诱导体细胞无性系变异的发生。通过人工气候箱低温筛选,在再生群体中获得5个耐寒性提高的变异植株。结果表明:低温处理前各耐寒变异植株及其对照植株间最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性差异不显著。低温处理后所有植株的Fv/Fm均下降,相对电导率和MDA均升高,但耐寒变异体植株的Fv/Fm高于对照植株,相对电导率和MDA含量低于对照植株,表明耐寒植株受低温冷害程度较轻。SOD和CAT的活性在低温处理后均升高,但耐寒变异体植株的SOD和CAT活性均高于对照。因此,耐寒突变体的耐寒性与其SOD和CAT对低温的响应更敏感有关,并首次初步表明体细胞无性系变异技术在假俭草抗寒性改良育种中具有可行性。 相似文献
4.
低温胁迫下PEG引发对珠芽蓼种子萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2018,(6)
本试验以冬虫夏草寄主蝠蛾幼虫喜食植物珠芽蓼种子为研究对象,分析低温吸胀冷害对珠芽蓼种子萌发的影响,探讨PEG引发处理对预防珠芽蓼种子萌发期吸胀冷害的作用。结果表明低温吸胀处理后珠芽蓼种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别降低了51. 3%,38. 5%,53. 0%和57. 6%,显著低于对照(P 0. 05)。随着引发时间的延长,珠芽蓼种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且在引发时间为6h～12h之间达到最高值,显著高于对照和其它处理(P 0. 05)。当引发时间为12h时,相对于对照处理,珠芽蓼种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别提高了16. 4%,9. 1%,18. 3%和29. 1%,差异显著(P 0. 05)。当引发浓度为-0. 6MPa时,珠芽蓼种子经12h和24h的PEG引发处理后发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均达到最高,分别提高了12. 7%,11. 4%,21. 7%和36. 4%,与对照相比差异显著(P 0. 05)。统计分析表明,低温吸胀胁迫处理下珠芽蓼种子的发芽势(F=4. 828,P 0. 001)、发芽率(F=4. 437,P 0. 001)、发芽指数(F=4. 435,P 0. 001)和活力指数(F=3. 868,P=0. 001)明显受PEG引发时间和浓度交互作用的影响。 相似文献
5.
Arginine （ARG） exerts many beneficial effects on animal body and enhanced angiogenesis, lactogenesis, which finally leads to the improvement in nitrogen （N） metabolism, reproduction, lactation, immunity and growth. Unfortunately, unprotected ARG will be degraded in the rumen and its price is high, thus feeding rumen-protected ARG seems to be uneconomical. Alternatively, N-carbamoyl glutamate （NCG） is structural analogue of N-acetyl glutamate, cofactor of cabamoyl phosphate synthetasel, is lower in rumen degradation compared to ARG. Additionally, rumen epithelial and duodenal cells have potentially utilized the NCG for ureagenesis. Supplementation of NCG to high yielding dairy cows increased plasma concentration of ARG and nitric oxide, decreased the plasma ammonia N and improved lactation performance and N utilization. Supplementation of NCG enhanced pregnancy rates in rats, improved litter size and fetal survival rate, thereby improved the reproductive performance of sows. Oral NCG supplementation increases plasma ARG and somatotropin levels, and increased growth rate and muscle protein synthesis in nursing piglets. The NCG is potential a relatively cheaper source of feed additive to offer vital compensation over oral administration of ARG, resulting in improved ruminant animal health and production. In this article, we reviewed the mechanism of AfiG biosynthesis by NCG and their significance in growth, reproduction, milk production and N utilization in ruminant animals. 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌M5-90△WboA基因缺失株的构建及免疫效果的初步评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为获得毒力较弱并能区分自然感染和疫苗免疫的布鲁氏菌候选疫苗株,本研究用PCR方法扩增WboA基因的上下游同源臂序列,构建重组质粒pGEM-7zf-△WboA-Sac,电转化布鲁氏菌M5-90感受态细胞,筛选布鲁氏菌疫苗株M5-90的WboA基因缺失株,并对获得的M5-90△WboA遗传稳定性、毒力、免疫保护性、抗体水平等指标进行检测.实验结果表明M5-90△WboA株的毒力比M5-90株明显减弱,差异极显著(p＜0.01),体液免疫和细胞免疫结果表明M5-90△WboA株与亲本M5-90株相比差异不显著(p＜0.05),M5-90△WboA株和亲本株的保护率分别为10％和20％,表明M5-90△WboA株与M5-90株具有相似的保护性.凝集试验和western blot试验显示M5-90△WboA株免疫小鼠的血清反应结果为阴性.本研究构建的布鲁氏菌基因缺失株M5-90△WboA具有较好的遗传稳定性,毒力比亲本株更弱,免疫保护性与亲本株相当,并能以血清学检测方法区分野毒株感染和缺失疫苗株免疫的动物. 相似文献
8.
《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2014,(2)
2006~2008年在广西南宁、灵山、桂林三个不同生态区,以热研2号柱花草为对照,对广西畜牧研究所引进的白花扁豆06-1进行了区域试验。结果表明:白花扁豆06-1适应性广,耐寒,生长速度快,干草产量(10 032.6~10 951.1kg/hm2)比对照热研2号柱花草(7 048.9~8 035.5kg/hm2)增加26.1%~40.8%;草质柔软,叶量丰富,蛋白质含量(17.8%)比对照(16.7%)高出6.6%,是适应性极强的优质豆科牧草,可在亚热带地区推广应用。 相似文献
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为构建布鲁氏菌O抗原聚合酶缺失突变株,本研究以布鲁氏菌M28株为亲本株,利用同源重组方法,以编码O抗原聚合酶靶基因M28_ B0107基因ORF外侧序列作为同源臂构建重组质粒pSP-B0107-K,将其电转化至M28感受态细胞中,以卡那霉素抗性基因(Kanr)作为标记,筛选缺失突变株(M28-△B0107).M28-△B0107经过20余代传代培养,Kanr表达稳定.将M28-△B0107与M28以106 cfu剂量腹腔接种小鼠,进行体内致病性试验.结果显示,M28-△B0107感染组小鼠脾脏荷菌量显著低于亲本M28株感染组,感染6周时,前者低于后者近10倍(p＜0.05);而且M28-△B0107感染组脾脏重量也显著低于M28强毒株组(p＜0.05);小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞系(RAW264.7)感染能力试验结果表明,突变株与亲本株无明显差异(p＞0.05). 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
13.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664