共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
1.
竹材梯度结构对力学性能影响显著,尤其是在弯曲应力下,更呈现明显的非对称行为。文章对竹材梯度结构进行详细解析,提取了维管束形状、纤维鞘面积、维管束梯度变化规律等多个梯度因子,然后对其弯曲力学性能进行测试,解析竹材梯度结构因子与弯曲力学性能之间的关系,阐明梯度结构对弯曲力学的影响机制。结果发现,毛竹维管束沿径向梯度分布的曲线属于下凹型曲线,梯度分布指数n=2.28;从竹青到竹黄,维管束长径比呈现明显下降的趋势,靠近竹青侧的维管束长径比较大,靠近竹黄侧的维管束长径比较小,形状更趋近于圆形;对比了竹黄侧加载和竹青侧加载2种模式下的竹材弯曲力学性能,当竹青侧受压、竹黄侧受拉的情况下,竹材的弯曲韧性最好;当竹青侧受拉、竹黄侧受压的情况下,竹材的弯曲模量最大。 相似文献
2.
参考IS013586—2000标准对带有初始裂纹的毛竹进行三点弯曲试验（SENB）,研究毛竹的I型弦向断裂行为,采用刚度修正法确定临界载荷PQ的值。结果表明：毛竹具有良好的断裂韧性,平均值为15．80MPa·m^1/2。 相似文献
3.
《林产工业》2017,(10)
为探究原态竹材收缩特性,以毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)筒材为研究对象,研究其在40℃环境下的收缩行为,并采用数字散斑相关方法表征竹壁原位收缩应变。结果表明:竹筒含水率下降速率由快至缓,呈ExpAssoc指数,各试样含水率随干缩时间趋同明显;竹青和竹黄同时呈环状收缩,竹青收缩程度大于竹黄,差异不显著(P0.05);竹筒顺纹收缩甚微,与竹青相比差异显著(P0.05);裂缝两侧Y方向收缩应变相反,印证了其环状收缩,非裂缝部位X方向应变表明从竹青到竹黄收缩应变急剧减小。竹青是干缩应力集中部位,是裂纹发生源,减少或释放该应力是原态竹材防裂的关键。 相似文献
4.
本文对利用小径级毛竹,采用不去竹青、竹黄的新工艺制造的竹-竹、竹-木复合胶合板作了研究,结果表明:对竹青、竹黄进行喷砂处理后而制成的竹胶板,具有非常高的强度。 相似文献
5.
6.
通过对毛竹竹壁及单根维管束横截面的扫描图像进行分析,采用统计方法探讨毛竹维管束含量在毛竹竹壁横截面上沿弦向和径向的分布规律。研究结果表明,毛竹维管束形态存在半开放型和开放型两种;在竹壁横截面上,维管束在靠近竹青区域呈有序不均匀分布,在靠近竹黄区域呈无序均匀分布,且维管束含量沿竹壁径向呈振荡波形下降趋势;沿竹壁弦向维管束含量呈均匀的振荡波形,但维管束含量无明显变化。 相似文献
7.
为促进竹材展平技术推广应用和新产品开发,选择毛竹展平板为研究对象,对比研究了毛竹展平板以竹青与竹青(O/O),竹青与竹黄(O/I),竹黄与竹黄(I/I)三种界面胶合时板材的拉伸和剪切强度以及浸渍剥离性能。研究结果表明:三种胶合材剪切强度O/O胶合时最大,O/I次之,I/I最小,且胶合强度均满足GB/T 9846—2015标准中Ⅰ类胶合板的强度要求;在Ⅱ类浸渍剥离试验中,三种胶合材胶层均未发生剥离,而在Ⅰ类浸渍剥离试验中,O/O和I/I胶层剥离长度平均值分别为36.16 mm和60.05 mm,O/I胶层虽未发生剥离,但测试样发生了回弹弯曲变形和开裂。浸渍剥离试验结果反映出现有工艺生产的毛竹展平板尺寸稳定性不佳。 相似文献
8.
《林产化学与工业》2015,(5)
以毛竹加工剩余物为原料,分离出竹青和竹黄。经粉碎过筛、苯/乙醇脱蜡和次氯酸钠脱木质素3个过程得到相应的综纤维素,然后用1%、5%和10%的KOH依次提取综纤维素得到半纤维素,竹青、竹黄半纤维素的总提取率分别为81.74%和85.36%。对所提取的半纤维素进行成分分析、分子量测定、红外光谱和核磁共振分析,结果表明,竹青、竹黄半纤维素成分主要为木糖,分别占61.02%~73.76%和65.22%~80.00%。竹黄半纤维素的重均分子质量为44 870~48 560 g/mol,高于竹青半纤维素的重均分子质量(43 970~46 245 g/mol)。竹青、竹黄碱溶半纤维素都是典型的阿拉伯糖基木聚糖结构,主链为β-D-吡喃木糖形成的木聚糖,在木糖基的C-2位连接着4-O-甲基-α-D-葡萄糖醛酸,C-3位连有α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖,同时部分木质素通过苯苷键与半纤维素中的糖基相连。 相似文献
9.
用CONE法研究竹材的阻燃性能 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以毛竹为对象,利用锥形量热仪,在50 kW·m-2的热辐射功率下,对毛竹去除竹青保留竹黄(去青)、去除竹黄保留竹青(去黄)以及竹杆上、中、下(保留竹青竹黄)不同部位的竹材进行了燃烧性能的测定,分析了它们的燃烧性.结果表明,点燃时间、第二释热峰出现的时间及峰值、质量损失速率与竹材两表面的去与不去有极显著线性相关关系;竹杆部位与点燃时间有极显著性,与质量损失速率(峰值)有显著相关,与第二释热峰出现的时间及峰值分别为无显著相关及有一定相关;比消光面积与竹材两表面的去与不去及竹杆部位无显著相关. 相似文献
10.
6种竹子细胞次生壁微纤丝角的对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用x射线衍射法对6种竹材的微纤丝角进行了测定分析,所选竹材细胞次生壁的微纤丝角的径向变异规律呈现上升、下降或波动趋势;从竹青到竹黄存在显著差异,径向微纤丝角的差值因竹种而异,介于0.2～18°之间。纵向微纤丝角从下到上逐渐减小,相差最大的是绿皮黄筋竹,为3.84°,最小的是茶秆竹,相差仅为0.2°,各个高度处的微纤丝角存在显著差异。6种竹材微纤丝角以青皮刚竹的最大,为15.21°,毛竹的最小,为9.4°,相差5.8°。不同竹种间的微纤丝角呈现明显差异。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
16.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献