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1.
不同饲料营养水平对东北林蛙蝌蚪生长发育的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
选取人工孵化的野生东北林蛙蝌蚪随机分为 10组 ,每组 5 30只 ,分别饲喂 10种不同蛋白质水平和组成的饲料。每 5d将蝌蚪称重并采样 1次 ,测定蝌蚪活体重、变态活体重、变态率等指标。结果表明 ,饲料营养对东北林蛙蝌蚪的生长发育及变态幼蛙的体重有明显影响 :林蛙蝌蚪的生长发育与饲料蛋白源无关 ,而与饲料粗蛋白水平有关。林蛙蝌蚪的最大体重、变态幼蛙的体重与饲料CP水平呈正线性相关 ,其相关系数分别为 0 80 0和 0 85 9;蝌蚪期、蝌蚪变态时间均与饲料CP水平呈负线性相关 ,其相关系数分别为 - 0 96 6和- 0 892 ;林蛙蝌蚪饲料的适宜粗蛋白水平应为 15 %～ 2 2 %。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在探讨饲料中添加不同浓度抗菌肽对镇海林蛙(Rana zhenhaiensis)蝌蚪生长发育的影响。选取镇海林蛙蝌蚪(Gosner 26~27期)500只,随机分为5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复20尾。各组分别喂添加0、1、2、4和8 mg/g抗菌肽的试验饲料。试验至镇海林蛙蝌蚪全部完全变态结束。结果表明:1)抗菌肽浓度与镇海林蛙蝌蚪的发育历期呈显著的负相关(P0.001),与镇海林蛙蝌蚪的体长相关性不显著(P=0.324);2)镇海林蛙蝌蚪的变态率平均值为94.6%,组间差异不显著(P=0.549),与抗菌肽浓度的相关性不显著(P=0.434);3)抗菌肽浓度与镇海林蛙蝌蚪的变态时间及体长、体重均呈显著正相关(P0.001);4)抗菌肽浓度与镇海林蛙变态幼蛙的跳跃距离相关性不显著(P=0.578);5)抗菌肽浓度与镇海林蛙变态幼蛙大腿肌肉的超氧化物歧化酶活性呈显著负相关(P0.001)。由此可见,抗菌肽的添加降低了镇海林蛙的发育速度,延长了变态时间,同时增加了变态个体的大小,从而提高了幼蛙的适合度。 相似文献
3.
四、幼蛙、成蛙的饲养 蝌蚪完成变态,四肢长成并除去尾部即成幼蛙;幼蛙一般经1～2年生长,个体达100克以上,性腺发育成熟,即为成蛙。幼蛙、成蛙的饲养方法基本相同。 (一)建造饲养池:蛙池应选择在环境安静、冬暖夏凉、水质良好、排灌方便的地方建造。池面积可视生产规模而定,大至5～10亩,小至1亩以 相似文献
4.
为探索水域pH值对东北林蛙(Rana dybowskii)卵孵化和蝌蚪生长发育的影响,在水温21~23℃的实验室条件下,采用单因子试验方法,研究了水环境不同pH值对东北林蛙卵的孵化率、蝌蚪的日增重、变态率及变态幼蛙初始重的影响。结果表明,受精卵对pH值的适应范围为4~11,孵化率较高的pH值范围为7~9;pH值为6,7,8,9组中的蝌蚪成活率分别为47.95%、48.98%、35.64%和43.64%。在pH值为5.5,6.5,7.5组中,林蛙蝌蚪的变态率分别为94.00%、93.00%和82.00%;变态幼蛙初始重分别为(267.33±46.97)mg、(278.67±37.67)mg和(260.67±35.52)mg。 相似文献
5.
6.
不同饲料对黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪生长的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以藻类、蛋黄、杂鱼内脏、牛蛙蝌蚪饲料和鳗鱼饲料等 5种不同类型的饲料以及用鳗鱼饲料为基底 ,按 10 0 %、90 %、80 %、70 %、6 0 %、4 0 %和 2 0 %等 7种比例添加可溶性淀粉 (分析纯 )配制成不同营养结构的饲料为基本日粮饲喂黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪 ,研究了这些饲料对黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪生长发育的影响。结果表明 ,以牛蛙蝌蚪饲料和鳗鱼饲料等蛋白质含量较高的配合饲料为食的黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪 ,生长速度快 ,进入变态期的时间短 ;并表明了粗蛋白质含量为 2 0 %左右的配合饲料饲喂黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪可以取得较为理想的效果 相似文献
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8.
(三)蝌蚪的饲养管理 1.蝌蚪池。与一般鱼苗池相同,以土池为好,应选择水源充足、排灌自如,环境安静的地方建池;面积宜大些,要在池中均匀地种植浮水植物,池周留少量的陆地面积作为人行道。池外可以用尼龙纱窗布作为临时性的“围墙”,作用是防止蝌蚪变态成幼蛙后逃跑。池周也可种植一些阔叶植物。亦可用幼蛙池、成蛙池和产卵池代替蝌蚪池。 2.蝌蚪的培育。刚孵化的蝌蚪 相似文献
9.
为了探讨温度对棘腹蛙(Paa boulengeri)蝌蚪生长发育的影响,试验采用温度梯度方法即设置了15℃、17℃、19℃、21℃、23℃、25℃、27℃7个梯度研究棘腹蛙宜宾种群蝌蚪在这些温度下的生长发育情况。结果表明:棘腹蛙蝌蚪生长发育的最适水温是21℃,该温度下的各项生长发育指标(全长、头体长、体宽、体重)均为最优,其中头体长、体重均高于其他几个温度下的指标,且变态率也较高。低于21℃时,温度越高生长状况相对越好;高于21℃时,温度越高变态越提前,变态时的个体因能量积累不够致使体形偏小,而不利于变态后的生存。 相似文献
10.
将非洲爪蟾蝌蚪从发育的第52期开始暴露在不同浓度(0、10、25、50、100 μg/L)的多氯联苯(Aroclor1254)中,直到变态结束,研究其对非洲爪蟾变态发育的影响.结果表明,在变态高峰期前,对照组和试验组的存活率无显著的差别,而在变态高峰期,浓度高于10 μg/L的试验组蝌蚪大量死亡,各组存活率分别为25 μg/L组72.9%,50 μg/L组53.1%,100 μg/L组12.3%;各浓度组蝌蚪在变态结束时的体重无显著差异(P＞0.05);50 μg/L组和100 μg/L组蝌蚪变态高峰期所需的时间与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05);25 μg/L以上浓度组,蝌蚪甲状腺组织表现不同程度的滤泡扩张,滤泡上皮细胞增生、叠加,滤泡数目增多等.提示多氯联苯可干扰非洲爪蟾的变态发育,两栖类变态试验可以作为筛选甲状腺激素干扰物的一种简便可行的方法. 相似文献
11.
为研究一种适合林蛙蝌蚪生长的饲料配方,试验选用林蛙蝌蚪受精卵共800只,分为4个大组,每大组设两个重复,共8个小组,分别饲养在8个水盆中,每盆100只。试验对比研究了蛋白质含量分别为37.765%、31.628%、23.535%及11.562%的4种饲料。试验结果表明,饲喂蛋白质含量为23.535%的一组蝌蚪重量最大,体长最长,发育的也最为良好。同时通过试验分析证明,从蝌蚪发育到变态前的饲料应以植物性饲料为主并适当的加入部分动物性饲料,这样才有利于蝌蚪的生长发育。此外,还提出用传统方法配制蝌蚪饲料的不足及解决的办法。 相似文献
12.
Effect of dietary protein content on episodic growth hormone secretion and on heat production of male broiler chickens. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. The effect of the crude protein content (200 and 150 g/kg) of isoenergetic diets on episodic growth hormone (GH) release and on heat production was investigated in male broiler chickens. 2. Decreasing the crude protein content of isoenergetic diets from 200 g/kg (HP diet) to 150 g/kg (LP diet) resulted in depressed body weight gain, impaired food conversion efficiency and increased abdominal fat deposition. 3. The pattern of growth hormone secretion was markedly affected by dietary treatment. Broiler chickens fed on the LP diet had higher overall mean, amplitude, baseline and peak frequency than the HP chickens. 4. The LP chickens produced more heat per unit of metabolic body weight than the HP chickens. 5. The hypothesis relating the pattern of GH secretion to protein conversion efficiency was corroborated. 相似文献
13.
Ahmadi Fackjouri H Falahatkar B Ershad Langroudi H 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(5):632-641
In order to improve feeding and growth of juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso, the effects of various lipid sources in feed were examined. Three hundred juveniles (initial body weight 215 ± 10 g) were distributed into 15 flow-through 1100 l tanks (20 fish per tank). Five experimental diets containing various lipid levels were formulated: diet C (control; without added oil), SO(L) and SO(H) diets containing soybean oil concentrations respectively, (53.5 vs. 174 g/kg), FO(L) and FO(H) diets containing fish oil with low and high concentrations respectively (53.5 vs. 174 g/kg). Fish were fed three times daily based on their appetite for a period of 6 weeks. At the termination of the experiment, growth rate was improved with increasing oil content in the diets. There were significant differences in final weights among fish fed the different experimental diets. Lipid content of muscle and liver significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid levels for both soybean and fish oil. The lowest cholesterol level and the highest haematocrit value were measured in fish fed the FO(H) diet. No significant difference was found among dietary treatments in terms of triacylglycerol concentration, number of red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and MCH concentration (MCHC). According to the most growth indices, results of this study suggest that the best results were observed in FO(H) which can be attributed to the greater palatability of diet containing high fish oil, supply of fatty acid requirement and enhanced physiological performance. 相似文献
14.
1. An experiment was conducted with 98 male and 98 female broiler chickens (Ross 308) to study the effect of growth rate, induced by different dietary means, sex and live weight (1500?g and 2000?g) at slaughter on production parameters, bone strength and sensorial characteristics of the breast meat. 2. The birds were divided into four groups and individually fed a standard commercial diet, a high energy diet or low energy diet from d?11 to slaughter at between d 28 and 39. Three groups were fed ad libitum and a further group was fed a restricted amount of the high energy feed. Half of the birds in each group were slaughtered at approximately 1500?g and the other half at 2000?g live weight. 3. The diets resulted in different growth rates. The chickens fed the high energy and the commercial diet had the highest growth rate at both live weights at slaughter. The restricted fed chickens had lower bone strength than the chickens fed the low energy diet. 4. Breast meat from male broilers was juicer, more tender and less hard than breast meat from females. Chickens slaughtered at 2000?g live weight were juicer than those slaughtered at 1500?g. Chickens given the high energy feed ad libitum and restricted had different growth rates, but the sensory parameter related to texture showed no difference. 5. It was concluded that an increased slaughter weight might improve meat quality due to improved juiciness. 相似文献
15.
Rama Rao S.V. Praharaj N.K. Reddy M.R. Sridevi B. 《Veterinary research communications》1999,23(6):323-336
Immune competence, resistance to Escherichia coli and growth were measured in female chicks of broiler male parent lines from four different commercial sources. These chicks were fed with three levels of dietary crude protein (CP) from day-old. The protein contents in the diets were 18%, 20.5% and 23%; these diets are referred to as the low-, medium- and high-protein diets, respectively. There was a significant genotype by dietary protein interaction for body weight at 35 days of age but not at 14 or 28 days of age. At 14 days of age, the chicks fed on the high-protein diet weighed significantly more than those fed on the low-protein diet, but there were no differences between the chicks fed on the medium- and low-protein diets. The influence of CP content on body weight had disappeared by 28 days of age. There were significant differences between the genotypes in antibody production in response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) inoculation, but no such differences were observed between the chicks fed the different levels of dietary protein. Chicks fed on the high-protein diet had lower lesion scores following E. coli inoculation than those fed on the low-protein diet. There were also significant differences in lesion scores among the genotypes. Genotypes with heavier body weights had significantly higher lesion scores and lower antibody titres than those with less body weight. Also, genotypes of lower body weight had a greater cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity response to phytohaemaglutinin-P inoculation, and a better humoral response against SRBC and a lower heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. 相似文献
16.
1. Palm kernel meal (PKM), brewers dried grains (BDG) and maize offal (MO) were included in broiler diets, each at 100, 150 or 200 g/kg; the diets were fed up to 35 d of age. 2. Overall food intake and weight gain decreased in the order BDG, PKM and MO. There were, however, significant interactions between the test ingredients and dietary concentrations in all the growth responses. Food intakes increased with the dietary concentrations of each test ingredient, but the increase was greater for BDG than PKM or MO. For weight gain, at 100 g/kg, the final body weights of the chicks fed on the diets with BDG and MO were similar, and those of chicks fed on the diet with PKM slightly lower. However, at 200 g/kg, growth rate of chicks fed on the BDG and PKM diets were similar while those of chicks fed on the MO diet was 7% lower. Efficiency of food utilisation was similar at 100 g/kg for all the ingredients and decreased as their concentrations increased; however, the decrease was considerably less for the PKM than for the MO and BDG diets. 3. Broilers fed on the BDG-based diets voided most excreta followed by those fed on the PKM and MO diets; excreta water content was highest from birds fed on the MO diets followed by the PKM and BDG diets. Apparent retention of dry matter was similar with all the test ingredients, but it decreased only significantly at 200 g/kg dietary concentration. The rate of passage was faster with the PKM diets followed by the MO and BDG diets; it was increased at 200 g/kg dietary concentration of the test ingredients. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(1):24-31
Abstract The effects of dietary zinc and calcium on immunocompetence of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (mean initial weight = 3.1 g/fish) were determined after a 10-week feeding trial. Fish were fed daily amounts equal to 3% of their body weight of one of six purified diets that were deficient in zinc (2 mg/kg of diet), calcium (0.02% of diet), or both; replete with zinc (20 mg/kg of diet) and calcium (0.5% of diet); or excessive in zinc (200 mg/kg of diet) or calcium (2.5% of diet). Immunocompetence of immunized and nonimmunized fish fed the various diets was assessed by measuring serum immunoglobulin M levels and mortality after an intraperitoneal injection of live Aeromonas hydrophila. Channel catfish fed diets deficient in zinc, calcium, or both had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less weight gain and survival as compared with those fed diets replete with or excessive in zinc or calcium. Tissue mineral concentrations of fish indicated that various levels of zinc and calcium nutriture existed when immune functions were tested. Diet affected mortality of only nonimmunized fish in the bacterial-challenge test; zinc deficiency and calcium excess decreased mortality. Whereas growth and survival of fish were reduced by dietary zinc or calcium deficiency, the measured immunological characteristics were not equally impaired by these mineral deficiencies. 相似文献
18.
Sixty-four individually housed pigs were used to investigate the effect of amino acid content of finisher diets on growth performance of pigs subjected to marginal dietary amino acid restrictions (80% of the 1988 NRC lysine recommendation) during the grower phase. In each of the two trials, low- and high-amino-acid grower diets (.421 and .765 g lysine/MJ DE, respectively) and four finisher diets (.421, .516, .612, and .707 g lysine/MJ DE) were randomly assigned within sex to 16 gilts and 16 castrated males weighing 23.0 +/- 2.0 kg in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. The average weight of pigs after a completion of diet change was 50.4 +/- 2.1 kg. All pigs were slaughtered at an average weight of 105.2 +/- 4.1 kg. Ultrasound backfat thickness was measured at the time of diet change and before slaughter. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. During the grower phase, pigs fed the high-amino-acid diet grew faster (P < .001) and more efficiently (P < .001) and had less ultrasound backfat (P < .001) than those fed the low-amino-acid diet. The grower diet had no effect on weight gain during the finisher phase. Consequently, pigs fed the high-amino-acid grower diet had better overall weight gain (P < .01) than those fed the low-amino-acid diet. The rate of lean accretion was, however, similar between the two groups of pigs. Furthermore, pigs fed the low-amino-acid grower diet seemed to have better carcass quality, as indicated by less ultrasound backfat (P < .01) and larger carcass longissimus muscle area (P < .05). Average and 10th rib carcass backfat decreased linearly (P < or = .05) and lean accretion rate improved linearly (P < .05) as the amino acid content of finisher diets increased, but there was no grower x finisher diet interaction in these and other response criteria. Although no evidence of compensatory weight gain was observed, it is possible that compensatory lean tissue growth may have occurred in pigs subjected to early amino acid restrictions at the expense of fatty tissue growth. 相似文献
19.
Changes in food intake and gut size in Japanese quail in response to manipulation of dietary fibre content. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) which had been fed, since hatching, on either a conventional diet (low-fibre) or on the same diet diluted with 200 g oak sawdust/kg (high-fibre) took 8 to 10 d to adjust their food intake when their diets were interchanged. 2. Those fed on high-fibre weighed less than those fed on low-fibre diet, and body weight changed rapidly when the diets were interchanged. All the birds digested about the same weight of nutrients in a day, irrespective of diet, and this suggests that body weight differences were due mainly to differences in energy utilisation, birds fed on high-fibre diet having to expend more energy on feeding than those fed on low-fibre diet. 3. Gut size was greater in birds fed on high-fibre diet, presumably to accommodate the greater bulk of food eaten, and when the diets were interchanged the gut dimension of both groups changed at similar rates, reaching the appropriate sizes for the respective diets in 3 to 4 weeks. 相似文献