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以鲜切西兰花为试材，研究不同浓度（25、50、75 mg/L）二氧化氯（ClO2）水溶液作为清洗杀菌剂对鲜切西兰花冷藏品质的影响，并与生产中常用的酸化次氯酸钠（NaClO）和含乙醇清洗剂进行比较，考察了（1.0±0.5）℃贮藏21 d包装袋内气体成分、西兰花组织电导率、切割部位褐变程度、VC含量、叶绿素含量和微生物指标（菌落总数、霉菌和酵母总数）的变化情况。结果表明，在本试验条件下ClO2水溶液清洗可显著抑制鲜切西兰花贮藏过程中微生物的生长，且浓度越高杀菌效果越好；但高浓度的ClO2会显著降低鲜切西兰花中的VC和叶绿素含量，造成切割部位褐变。浓度为25 mg/L的ClO2水溶液可替代有效氯浓度为100 mg/L的酸化NaClO溶液，保持鲜切西兰花7 d冷藏期内较好的外观品质；浓度为25%乙醇+1%抗坏血酸的复合溶液可保持鲜切西兰花14 d冷藏期内较好的外观品质。 相似文献
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为了探讨露地西兰花的NPK合理施用量,提出科学的施肥配比。在宁夏引黄灌区通过田间试验研究了不同NPK供应水平对露地西兰花产量和地上部NPK吸收累积的影响,并评价了其肥料效率。结果表明：施用N、P肥对西兰花有显著增产作用,而施K处理间无显著差异。相对于N0和P0处理,增施N、P肥可分别提高23.6%~36.2%和7.6%~11.5%的经济产量。适当增施NPK肥能显著提高西兰花的地上部NPK养分累积。西兰花的肥料利用率、农学效率和偏生产力都随施肥量增加而降低。每施用1 kg N、1 kg P2O5、1 kg K2O分别可生产50.9~184.7、89.3~369.1、53.9~220.2 kg西兰花经济产量,其随施肥量增加呈显著降低趋势。西兰花经济产量与施N量(R2=0.886)、施P量(R2=0.906)和施K量(R2=0.794)都呈二次曲线关系。综合考虑蔬菜产量、养分累积和肥料效率,建议宁夏引黄灌区露地西兰花的施肥量分别为N 189.8~200.0 kg/hm2、P2O5 79.8~86.8 kg/hm2和K2O 80.2~112.5 kg/hm2 ,其施肥配比为1:0.42~0.43:0.42~0.56。 相似文献
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LED复合光处理对西兰花低温保鲜效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究不同LED复合光处理对西兰花保鲜效果的影响。以新鲜西兰花为材料,通过测定4℃低温条件下,西兰花的感官品质、维生素C含量、叶绿素含量、乙烯生成速率等各项指标,研究LED红蓝、LED红绿复合光处理对西兰花保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,与无光处理方式相比,LED红蓝复合光处理效果显著,不仅延长了西兰花保鲜期10~15 d左右,而且较好地保持了西兰花原有的外观品质,阻止了西兰花贮藏期间重要营养物质Vc含量的快速流失,延缓了贮藏期间乙烯释放量峰值和呼吸跃变出现的时间,显著降低了呼吸跃变的峰值,减少了膜脂过氧化对西兰花造成的损伤。 相似文献
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为探讨微真空贮藏条件延缓西兰花采后衰老黄化的机制,以新鲜西兰花为试验材料,在(3±0.5)℃,55~65 kPa微真空条件下贮藏,以相同温度下的常压贮藏为对照,探讨采后西兰花的营养与质地指标及色泽指标与叶绿体超微结构的变化。结果表明：与对照相比,微真空贮藏条件能有效抑制采后西兰花Vc、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量的下降,延缓脆度的下降及咀嚼性的升高;抑制叶绿素含量的下降及黄化指数的升高,延缓叶绿体超微结构的解体。本研究表明,微真空贮藏条件一方面通过抑制西兰花营养品质的下降及质地品质的变化延缓西兰花的采后衰老;另一方面,通过抑制西兰花色泽品质的变化及叶绿体超微结构的解体延缓西兰花的采后黄化进程。 相似文献
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为了明确不同厚度PE袋包装对西兰花采后品质的影响,以未装袋的西兰花作为对照(CK),采用PE微孔袋以及厚度为20、30、40、50μm的PE袋对西兰花进行包装处理,置于(15±1)℃环境下存放,通过测定贮藏期间气体体积分数、感官评价、色差、失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、VC含量、叶绿素含量、挥发性物质等指标,研究不同包装处理对西兰花贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,相比于CK组,各包装组可有效降低西兰花的失重率,防止其黄化,减缓叶绿素、VC含量和硬度的下降;且相比于其他包装组,厚度为20μm的PE袋处理能显著减缓叶绿素损失,维持西兰花的感官品质和固有风味。因此,西兰花在(15±1)℃条件下采用20μm PE袋包装处理效果较好。 相似文献
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为研究西兰花种子萌发对不同温度的响应,以西兰花‘台绿1 号’为材料,在4~38℃温度区间进行种子萌发实验,结合Logistic 函数和积温模型公式计算种子萌发的最低温度、最适温度和积温。结果表明：西兰花‘台绿1 号’种子在16~32℃温度区间发芽率在93%以上,发芽率较高,而4、10℃低温条件下平均发芽时间最长,发芽势为0,38℃高温发芽率较低,低温和高温明显抑制西兰花种子萌发;西兰花‘台绿1 号’种子萌发适宜温度范围是20~32℃,最适温度为32℃,最低温度Tb为3.98℃;西兰花‘台绿1 号’种子累积萌发率达50%所需要的积温值是22.70℃·d;西兰花种子萌发时间t 可利用公式t=22.70/(T-3.98)进行预测（T代表萌发温度）。利用模型方法定量分析西兰花种子萌发对温度的需求是可行的。 相似文献
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目前多数地区种植西兰花的产量不高且经济效益欠佳,主要是因为栽培技术受到环境限制,而且病虫害加剧对西兰花产量和商品造成严重影响。露地西兰花节水、减药、增效等栽培技术的推广,有利于改善西兰花栽培环境并提高产量,生长期用水量仅为传统栽培方式的 36.2%,而且化肥用量仅为 48.9%,化学农药使用量可以控制在 52.3%以下,平均产量提高156.3kg,增产率高达 10.31%。推广露地西兰花节水减药增效栽培技术,对改善种植生态环境和提高经济效益均具有深远意义,对促进产业健康发展具有借鉴和参考价值。 相似文献
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Summary F1 and F2 progenies from crosses of an early broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) line with kohlrabi (B. oleracea var. gongyloides) indicated that days to flower bud maturity in annual segregates is quantitative and additive in inheritance. It appeared that the biennial kohlrabi parent strongly contributed genetic factors for late maturity. F1 plants of both crosses, 98% of F2 plants from early broccoli × kohlrabi, and 81% of the F2 plants from late broccoli × kohlrabi were annual in 1980. In 1986, 96% of early broccoli × kohlrabi F2 and 87% of late broccoli × kohlrabi F2 plants were annual. Kohlrabi stem enlargement showed a continuous range of expression in the F2 with some dominance of broccoli type. Few F2 plants were close to the kohlrabi parent in degree of stem enlargement. 相似文献
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María R. Ansorena Norma E. Marcovich Sara I. Roura 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,59(1):53-63
The effects of edible coatings and mild heat shocks on quality aspects of refrigerated broccoli were studied. Minimally processed broccoli was coated with either chitosan or carboxymethyl-cellulose with or without a previous application of a mild heat shock of 1.5 min at 50 °C. Product was packaged in multilayered polyolefin bags and stored at 5 °C for 18 d. Quality parameters such as weight loss, texture, colour, ascorbic acid content, total chlorophyll content, oxygen concentration inside the bags, browning potential, mesophilic aerobic counts, and sensory quality, were evaluated during storage. Edible coatings exhibited a beneficial impact on broccoli quality. The weight loss in uncoated broccoli was found to be between 2 and 5 times higher compared to coated samples. During storage, coated florets from both thermally and non-thermally treated samples, presented higher retention of the (?a*/b*) ratio indicating better green colour retention and a reduced rate of floret yellowing. Chitosan coating always presented the lower ascorbic acid degradation rates (twofold lower compared with control samples). Broccoli texture for uncoated samples increased significantly during storage. However, for carboxymethyl-cellulose coated broccoli a slight increase in texture was observed while for chitosan coated broccoli no significant changes in texture were observed throughout the storage period. After the edible coating application the microbial broccoli load dropped by around 1.5 and 0.9 logarithmic units in chitosan and carboxymethyl-cellulose films, respectively. During storage, the application of chitosan coating significantly reduced total microbial counts in the thermally and non-thermally treated uncoated samples. Among the assayed edible coatings, chitosan effectively maintained quality attributes and extended shelf life of minimally processed broccoli. The single application of a mild heat shock had a measurable influence in reducing weight loss, enzymatic browning in broccoli stems, and in delaying yellowing of broccoli florets. Moreover, chitosan coating combined with a mild heat shock showed the best performance for long-term refrigerated storage of minimally processed broccoli. 相似文献
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青花菜主要农艺性状相关性、主成分与聚类分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
揭示青花菜各农艺性状间的相关性和特征规律,以期为种质资源改良与创新,新品种选育提供理论依据。从主要种植区搜集76份种质材料,观测生育期、单球重等16个主要农艺性状,并对其进行相关性、主成分和聚类分析研究。青花菜各性状间存在较高相关性。在主成分分析中,选取方差累积贡献率为73.104%的前6个主成分来评价青花菜种质材料。可将其归纳为产量因子,生长势因子和花球特征因子,是青花菜种质评价的主要指标。聚类分析将76份种质分成3类;第Ⅰ类主要为早中熟种质,侧枝多,球形中高圆,单球重低;第Ⅱ类主要为晚熟种质,株型开展,球高圆紧实,单球重中等;第Ⅲ类主要为中熟种质,株型较直立,球形极高圆,单球重高。可利用相关性、主成分与聚类分析方法对青花菜农艺性状进行分析和综合评价,筛选特异种质,指导育种。 相似文献
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主要栽培技术对西兰花产量与品质的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了进一步提高西兰花的产量与品质,增强西兰花产业的竞争力,开展了不同苗龄、种植密度和氮肥用量效应的试验研究。结果表明,不同苗龄处理的西兰花花球的商品性和产量存在极显著差异,绿雄90在浙东沿海地区最佳的播种期(8月20日前后)播种、土床育苗的条件下,苗龄以35d-40d为宜。不同种植密度对西兰花植株性状、花球商品性和产量均有明显影响,如果以内销或速冻为主,种植密度以2200株?667m-2-2450株?667m-2之间为宜;若以保鲜外销为主,种植密度则在2200株?667m-2-2800株?667m-2之间均可。适当增施氮肥能够促进西兰花植株和花球的生长,提高产量和商品性,在一般土壤肥力条件下,纯氮用量以25kg?667m-2-40kg?667m-2为宜,相对于原来的习惯施肥量（约25 kg?667m-2）,可适当提高氮肥用量,以进一步提高花球产量与品质。 相似文献
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Development of colour of broccoli heads as affected by controlled atmosphere storage and temperature
Rob E. Schouten Xiaobing Zhang Jan A. Verschoor Els C. Otma L.M.M. Tijskens Olaf van Kooten 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(1):27-35
Colour is one of the most important quality attributes of broccoli. Yellowing due to senescence of broccoli florets is the main external quality problem. Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage is a very effective method to maintain broccoli quality. The aim of this paper is to characterise the colour behaviour (measured by RGB colour image analysis) of broccoli as affected by CA and temperature. Data on colour behaviour and gas exchange were gathered for broccoli heads stored in containers at three temperatures and subjected to four levels of O2 and three levels of CO2 concentrations. An integrated colour model is proposed that combines a colour model with a standard gas exchange model. The colour model is based on an existing colour model that describes the formation of (blue/green) chlorophyllide from the colourless precursor, the bidirectional conversion of chlorophyllide into (blue/green) chlorophyll and the decay of chlorophyllide. A multi-response approach was applied, accounting for 92% of the variance. Gas exchange parameters were estimated using the gas exchange model, the colour parameters were estimated using the colour model. Both models are linked via the reaction rate constant that describes the decay of chlorophyllide, as this reaction rate constant was found to be affected by the gas conditions. The integrated model might be applied to predict colour changes of MAP packaged broccoli as a low level of O2 and a high level of CO2 will only affect colour retention at higher temperatures. 相似文献
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不同食用菌菌糠复配基质对番茄和青花菜秧苗出苗的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究开发我省来源丰富、经济实惠和性能优良的蔬菜无土育苗基质,采用正交试验设计方法,利用食用菌菌糠茶树菇渣、草菇渣和粘土矿物等材料混合配制蔬菜育苗基质。试验结果表明：不同配方基质对番茄种子出苗率有显著影响,但对青花菜种子发芽率没有显著影响;不同配方基质对番茄和青花菜秧苗壮苗指数都有显著影响。从9个配方基质处理中筛选出一个最适合番茄和青花菜等蔬菜穴盘育苗的无土基质配方--8号基质处理（由茶树菇渣按体积分数0.4、草菇渣按体积分数0.35、珍珠岩按体积分数0.1和粘土矿物按体积分数0.15均匀混配而成）,该基质处理的番茄和青花菜种子出苗率高、壮苗指数均中等、pH和电导率也较合适。 相似文献
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Genetic and environmental effects on glucosinolate content and chemoprotective potency of broccoli 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Broccoli is well recognized as a source of glucosinolates and their isothiocyanate breakdown products. Glucoraphanin is one of the most abundant glucosinolates present in broccoli and its cognate isothiocyanate is sulphoraphane, a potent inducer of mammalian detoxication (phase 2) enzyme activity and anti‐cancer agent. This study was designed to measure: glucosinolate levels in broccoli florets from an array of genotypes grown in several environments; the elevation of a key phase 2 enzyme, quinone reductase, in mammalian cells exposed to floret extracts; and total broccoli head content. There were significant environmental and genotype‐by‐environment effects on levels of glucoraphanin and quinone reductase induction potential of broccoli heads; however, the effect of genotype was greater than that of environmental factors. The relative rankings among genotypes for glucoraphanin and quinone reductase induction potential changed, when expressed on a per head basis, rather than on a concentration basis. Correlations of trait means in one environment vs. means from a second were stronger for glucoraphanin and quinone reductase induction potential on a per head basis than on a fresh weight concentration basis. Results of this study indicate that development of a broccoli phenotype with a dense head and a high concentration of glucoraphanin to deliver maximum chemoprotective potential (high enzyme induction potential/glucoraphanin content) is a feasible goal. 相似文献