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1.
本试验旨在探讨不同泌乳阶段的高产与低产奶牛血清营养状况指标与抗氧化指标的变化规律,并建立血清营养状况指标与抗氧化指标的多元线性回归模型。采用2×6(产奶量:高产≥35 kg/d和低产35 kg/d;泌乳阶段:围产前期、围产后期、泌乳前期、泌乳中期、泌乳后期和干奶期)双因素完全随机试验设计,将240头体重[(550±10)kg]、胎次[(2.08±0.47)胎]、体况(3.0~3.5分)、饲养管理相似的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为12组,每组20头。结果显示:高产奶牛血清β-羟丁酸(β-HB)、维生素A(VA)含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于低产奶牛(P≤0.05)。奶牛围产前期的血清维生素E(VE)、锌(Zn)含量及硫氧还蛋白还原酶(Trx R)活性较低,总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、CAT活性较高;围产后期的血清葡萄糖(GLU)、VA、VE、硒(Se)含量及T-SOD、GSH-Px活性较低,游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、β-HB、丙二醛(MDA)含量及CAT活性较高;泌乳前期的血清GLU、VA、Se、铜(Cu)含量及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、T-SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性较低,MDA含量较高;泌乳中期的Se含量较低,Zn含量较高;泌乳后期的血清Se、Zn、M DA含量较低,GLU含量与Trx R活性较高;干奶期的血清NEFA、Zn含量较低,GLU含量及GSH-Px活性较高。泌乳阶段与产奶量对奶牛血清Se、Zn含量及T-AOC与GSH-Px、Trx R活性的影响存在显著的互作效应(P≤0.05)。多元回归分析结果表明,在围产后期和泌乳前期,血清抗氧化指标MDA含量与血清营养状况指标NEFA及β-HB含量呈显著正相关(P≤0.05),与VA、VE、Se、Zn、Cu含量呈显著负相关(P≤0.05),而血清其他抗氧化指标T-AOC以及T-SOD、GSH-Px活性与上述血清营养状况指标间的多元回归关系正好与MDA含量相反。综上,泌乳阶段对奶牛血清营养状况指标与抗氧化指标有显著影响,在围产后期与泌乳前期,血清营养状况指标NEFA、β-HB、VA、VE、Se、Zn、Cu含量与抗氧化指标T-AOC及T-SOD、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量间呈显著的多元线性回归关系。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究荷斯坦奶牛亚临床酮病对血清中微量元素的影响,选择40头产后1～15 d的荷斯坦亚临床酮病奶牛,通过应用原子吸收光谱法测定血清中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Se、Co含量,应用分光光度计和比色法测定血清中GSH-Px、T-AOC、T-SOD活力及MDA含量。结果显示,阳性组血清中Cu、Zn、Se、Co的含量在整个检测过程中均极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);阳性组血清中Mn的含量在第1、5天的检测中显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),第10、15天极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);阳性组血清中Fe的含量与对照组相比差异不显著（P＞0.05）;阳性组血清中GSH-Px、T-SOD、T-AOC的活性均极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);阳性组血清中MDA的含量极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01)。结果表明,亚临床酮病直接影响奶牛抗氧化系统GSH-Px、T-AOC、T-SOD的活性,间接地影响血清中微量元素Cu、Mn、Se、Zn的含量。Co是维生素B12的重要组成部分,维生素B12在肝脏内的浓度下降,从而导致亚临床酮病血清中Co的含量降低。亚临床酮病奶牛肝脏和氧化酶受损,破坏Fe的结合,机体内贮存的Fe则可以释放出来,维持机体的需要,血清中Fe的含量没有显著的变化。  相似文献   

3.
热应激对泌乳奶牛抗氧化性能及微量元素代谢的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
对比研究热应激与非热应激期泌乳奶牛血清中抗氧化指标和微量元素含量的变化,发现夏季热应激使奶牛血清中抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性极显著(P<0.01)降低,活性氧(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著(P<0.01)升高,总抗氧化能力(TAOC)和微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe含量均显著(P<0.05)降低,且Zn的下降幅度较大(P<0.01),而Mn的含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明:热应激使泌乳奶牛抗氧化性能降低,微量元素代谢紊乱。  相似文献   

4.
狂蝇蛆病对驯鹿体内抗氧化系统的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为探讨驯鹿狂蝇蛆病与机体氧自由基代谢的关系，分别对感染驯鹿和健康驯鹿血清中的微量元素硒（Se）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZnSOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和脂质过氧化终末产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量进行了测定。结果表明，感染组驯鹿血清Se含量极显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），而血清Zn、Cu含量差异不显著；感染组驯鹿血清GSH-Px活性极显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）；SOD活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05），CuZn-SOD显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）；CAT活性差异不显著；MDA含量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。表明机体患病后产生大量氧自由基，导致抗氧化能力降低，引发脂质过氧化损伤。  相似文献   

5.
奶牛围产期血清脂肪代谢、肝脏功能和氧化指标的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选择产前30 d的奶牛30头,分别在产前30、20、10、5、0 d和产后5、10、15、20 d采集血清,检测脂肪代谢指标(TG、Chol、NEFA、HDL、LDL含量)、肝脏功能指标(AKP、LDH、ALT、AST活性)和抗氧化、脂质过氧化指标(GSH-Px、SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量)。结果表明:①血清TG和Chol含量产前呈降低趋势,TG含量产犊当天急剧下降,Chol含量产后逐渐升高;血清NEFA含量产前变化不明显,产犊当天急剧升高,产犊5 d开始降低;血清LDL和HDL水平产前呈降低趋势,产后逐渐升高。②血清LDH和AST活性在产前5 d或产犊当天开始升高,产犊5 d后逐渐降低;ALT和AKP活性各时间段变化不明显。③血清CAT和GSH-Px活性在产前呈降低的趋势,产犊当天升高,之后逐渐降低;血清SOD活性产前呈升高趋势,产犊当天达到最高峰,之后逐渐降低;血清MDA含量在产前5 d开始升高,产犊5 d后逐渐降低。表明奶牛围产期发生脂肪动员和氧化状态失衡。  相似文献   

6.
选择产前约20 d的干乳期奶牛48头,分为4组,Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别每天补饲硫辛酸3、5、8 g/头,连续50 d,测定了血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的动态变化.结果表明,Ⅲ和Ⅳ组血清GSH-Px活性第20天开始显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);Ⅲ和Ⅳ组血清SOD活性第30天开始降低的幅度明显低于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组血清CAT活性在第30天显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组第30～50天均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组血清MDA含量在第40天、Ⅳ组在第50天显著低于对照组(P<0.05).补充硫辛酸可明显改善围产期奶牛的抗氧化能力.  相似文献   

7.
1饲养 牛群按泌乳牛、干奶牛、犊牛、后备母牛、青年母牛分群舍饲,并配置相应牛舍,以满足牛群正常周转需要.舍外设运动场,运动场内设遮阳棚、干草架.成年母牛泌乳期305天,干奶期60天,产前15天进产房,产后15天出产房.犊牛出生后立即母子隔离,5天内喂初乳,15天内喂母乳,15天后喂混合常乳,犊牛2月龄断奶,哺乳初期每栏1头,单栏饲养.哺乳后期和断奶犊牛小群栏养,后备母牛群养,青年牛、干奶牛、泌乳牛在舍内用颈枷固定牛位.  相似文献   

8.
母牛补饲维生素E和硒对新生犊牛生长和免疫的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验选择年龄、胎次、体况评分、顸产期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分成2组,一组自由舔饲维生素E富硒舔砖,一组不补饲舔砖,研究维生素E(VE)和硒对新生犊牛生长和免疫的影响.试验期90 d,从预产前60 d到产后30 d.结果表明,试验组母牛血清中VE的含量在产后12 h显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清中硒的含量在产前30 d和产后12 h高于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01).试验组母牛分娩后12 h,血清中IgG、IgM的含量,初乳中IgM、IgG、IgA的含量都显著高于对照组(P<0.05).试验组犊牛出生后12 h,血清中VE和硒含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),IgG、IgA的含量高于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05).试验组犊牛初生体质量和体尺显著高于对照组(P<0.05),30日龄体质量和体尺高于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01).试验组犊牛的发病率比对照组降低了50%.  相似文献   

9.
在相同的饲养管理条件下,在冬、夏两季随机抽取3种牛的血液样品,使用可见光分光光度法、原子吸收与荧光分光光度法,分别对3种牛的抗氧化指标T-SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC、MDA以及血清微量元素Se、Cu、Zn、Mn进行系统测定与分析。试验结果表明:冬季,引进娟珊奶牛和荷斯坦奶牛的T-SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD、T-AOC、Cu、Zn、Mn均高于中国本地荷斯坦奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05),GSH-Px与本地荷斯坦奶牛比较差异不显著(P>0.05);夏季,引进娟珊奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛、本地荷斯坦奶牛的T-SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD、GSH-Px、Mn、Se差异不显著(P>0.05)。引进娟珊奶牛的T-AOC显著高于荷斯坦奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05);从对相同季节的分析可知,夏季引进娟珊奶牛,其适应性有一定的提高。  相似文献   

10.
蹄病奶牛血液中6种微量元素和自由基代谢的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究选取广州各大型奶牛场蹄病牛和不同生理阶段的正常奶牛作为试验样本,通过研究其血液中微量元素含量的变化和血清中抗氧化指标超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量的变化,阐明蹄病与微量元素之间的相关性以及微量元素代谢紊乱下的自由基代谢规律。结果表明:蹄病牛组与青年牛组、高产牛组、低产牛组以及干奶牛组相比较,全血中铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)含量降低(P<0.05);铁(Fe)升高(P<0.05);镁(Mg)变化不明显(P>0.05);蹄病牛组硒(Se)含量较高产牛组、低产牛组、干奶牛组降低(P<0.05),较青年牛组升高但是差异不显著(P>0.05);蹄病牛组血清中SOD、GSH-Px显著降低(P<0.05),MDA显著升高(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

11.
To study vitamin A transport in dairy cows and heifers around parturition, an enzyme immunoassay for bovine retinol binding protein (RBP) was developed and serum levels determined. Serum and liver concentrations of retinol were assayed by HPLC. Four weeks before expected calving the cows and heifers were divided into two groups each, and half of the animals received a protein supplementation during the dry period.The mean serum RBP concentration 4 weeks before calving was 42 mg l-1 for the cows and 44 mg l-1 for the heifers. The serum retinol concentrations were 0.53 mg l-1 for the cows and 0.42 mg l-1 for the heifers, and the liver retinol concentrations 0.30 mg l-1 and 0.13 mg g-1, respectively. In the groups without protein supplementation there was a significant decrease in serum RBP at sampling 1 week before parturition compared to initial values. The measurement of serum RBP may prove useful in assessment of amino acid availability in dairy cows.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of sodium borate (100 mg/kg body weight, p.o., 15 days) from a month before expected calving until a month after calving were evaluated in dairy cows susceptible to fatty liver. Cows received either sodium borate (n = 13) or no treatment (n = 10). All cows had mild fatty livers and increased plasma triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations at the beginning of the experiment. The control group of cows developed significant fatty liver after calving, and 2 of them had severe fatty liver associated with clinical and biochemical abnormalities. There were no clinicopathological signs related to sodium borate administration. Serum triglycerides and VLDL concentrations before calving decreased significantly at calving and after calving in controls, and they were within the normal range only after calving. There were significant alterations during the experiment in some hematological and chemical variables between groups, within period, but they were within the normal range. Unlike treated cows, serum triglycerides and VLDL concentrations correlated with liver fat content after calving in untreated cows. Our results document that sodium borate decreases the degree of fatty liver in dairy cows during early lactation.  相似文献   

13.
Vitamins A and E, and the trace elements selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential for the health and performance of dairy cows. Their concentrations often decrease around calving and extra supplementation is sometimes recommended at that time. However, the need for this varies, for example depending on quantity and quality of feedstuffs in the diet. The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of serum vitamin A (S-vit A) and vitamin E (S-vit E), plasma Se (P-Se) and serum Zn (S-Zn) in blood samples taken at several time points from one month before to one month after calving, and to evaluate if a blood sample taken during the mid dry period can accurately predict the blood concentration at calving and early lactation. Dairy cows on 3 different feeding regimens during the dry period were included in the study. A significant decrease in the concentrations of S-vit A and S-vit E, and S-Zn, was observed at calving, and P-Se was significantly lower during the dry period and at calving than in early lactation. The blood concentrations of S-vit E and P-Se in the mid dry period significantly predicted the occurrence of values considered marginal or deficient at the time of calving. The data indicate that a mid dry period concentration of > or = 5.4 mg/l of S-vit E and > or = 0.09 mg/l of P-Se will result in a 90% chance that the cow stays above marginal levels at calving given that a feed of the same quality is offered.  相似文献   

14.
We investigated the effect of parity number on the dry matter intake (DMI) of cows during the first week after calving. Eighty‐three cows were evaluated from 14 days before to 7 days after calving. DMI and milk yield were measured for 7 days after calving, and the calving score was measured. Blood samples were collected throughout the experiment. The average DMI during the first week after calving was reduced in the first‐lactation heifers and high‐parity number cows. A quadratic relationship between the parity number and the DMI was observed. The first‐lactation heifers had lower prepartum serum total protein (TP) concentration and milk yield, higher prepartum serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration and calving score than the multiparous cows. The recovery rate of serum calcium (Ca) after calving was slow in the cows in the parity 6. The DMI was positively affected by the serum Ca concentration after calving, milk yield, and prepartum serum TP concentration and was negatively affected by the calving score and prepartum serum NEFA concentration. We conclude that the DMI immediately after calving tends to be lower in first‐lactation heifers and high‐parity number cows, but factors that reduce the DMI differ according to parity number.  相似文献   

15.
Associations between rearing conditions and the risk of culling in dairy cows were studied by survival analysis. Data were collected from 1039 Swedish Red cows, 1029 Swedish Holsteins, and 56 cows of other milk or cross-breeds, representing all female animals born in 109 Swedish herds during 1998. Length of productive life was defined as the number of days from 1st calving to culling. The applied Weibull proportional hazards model included time-independent effects of breed, housing from 3 to 7 months of age, number of housing changes before calving, grazing before 1st calving, herd median age at 1st calving, age at 1st calving, cow housing, herd lactational incidence risk of veterinary-reported clinical mastitis, and the random effect of herd. Time-dependent effects were year, month, the interaction year by month, parity, number of breedings, pregnancy status, the interaction parity by pregnancy status, herd mean milk-production level, relative milk yield within breed-parity, and veterinary-reported clinical mastitis. The lactation was divided into six stages in which pregnancy status was assumed to be known by the farmer and culling could occur. Median productive life time in culled cows was 780 d and 14% of the records were censored due to terminated data collection. An individual calving age of 28.2–30.9 months was associated with the highest culling risk, 1.2-fold higher than calving at ≤25.3 months, whereas the risk decreased almost linearly with a higher herd median age at 1st calving. Housing in slatted pens with >7 calves from 3 to 7 months was associated with a 1.7-fold increase in risk, relative to litter pens. If a cow had changed housing system 4 times before 1st calving it increased the risk of culling 1.4 times, relative to two housing changes. These results show that rearing factors affect the productive life time of dairy cows in Swedish family operations.  相似文献   

16.
We investigated the influence of rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplementation on milk production, lipid metabolism and vitamin E status in dairy cows receiving a silage-based diet. Twenty-six Italian Holstein multiparous cows were assigned by weight and average production in the previous lactation, to one of two groups: control (no RPC supplementation) and RPC (supplemented with 20 g/day rumen-protected choline chloride). Treatment began 14 days before expected calving and continued for 30 days after parturition. Choline administration significantly increased milk production during the first month of lactation and also the concentration (and total secretion) of choline in milk, but did not affect fat or protein concentrations in milk, or plasma levels of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). However, around parturition, NEFA concentrations in plasma were lower in treated animals than in controls, suggesting improved lipid metabolism as a result of choline supplementation. Choline supplementation also increased alpha-tocopherol plasma concentrations, suggesting a novel aspect in dairy cows.  相似文献   

17.
为揭示宁夏地区荷斯坦牛后备牛在周岁前的健康问题和淘汰情况,收集了2013—2020年宁夏地区12 个规模化牧场的后备牛出生记录、健康问题记录和淘汰记录,统计了后备牛周岁前发生的主要健康问题,重点分析了后备牛腹泻和肺炎的发生情况随后备牛月龄和自然月份的关系;此外,还分析了后备牛周岁前的淘汰情况,以及淘汰风险与后备牛月龄和自然月份的关系。宁夏地区的荷斯坦牛中,腹泻和肺炎是后备牛在周岁前最易发生的健康问题,占所有健康问题的75%。后备牛腹泻集中发生在2月龄以内的犊牛中,肺炎病例在周岁前的各生命阶段中均有分布,总体上随着后备牛月龄的增加而减少。不同自然月份中,后备牛腹泻和肺炎的发生情况存在较大差异,腹泻在1~2月发生较多,肺炎在1~6月发病较多,冬季是宁夏地区规模化牧场健康管理的重点季节。周岁前的后备牛淘汰时,其平均淘汰日龄为160.21±110.00 天;随着后备牛月龄的增加,后备牛淘汰风险逐渐降低;不同自然月份中,8~12月淘汰的后备牛较多。结果揭示了宁夏地区荷斯坦牛后备牛周岁前的健康事件和淘汰发生情况,为该地区规模化牧场的后备牛管理提供了有用信息。  相似文献   

18.
The objectives of this study were to provide baseline data for alpha-tocopherol, selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in the serum and feed of New Zealand dairy cattle, and to assess the likelihood that abnormal peroxide metabolism has a role in the impaired lactational and reproductive performance noted in selenium-deficient cattle. Twenty-four Friesian heifers were randomly allocated one of four winter diets consisting of hay with or without selenium supplementation, or pasture and silage with or without selenium supplementation. A winter diet consisting exclusively of hay (alpha-tocopherol concentration 19 mg/kg of dry matter) resulted in a pre-calving serum alpha-tocopherol concentration of 1.2 mg/l compared to 4.5 mg/l for pastured heifers (p<0.01). The pre-calving alpha-tocopherol concentration for the heifers fed hay fell into the range considered deficient (<2.0 mg/l), whereas heifers fed pasture and silage remained in the range considered adequate throughout the study period. Serum fatty acid concentration, and the proportion of fatty acids that were polyunsaturated, were lowest in the hay-fed heifers before calving (1.0 mg/ml, 37.1% respectively), and remained unchanged following re-introduction to pasture after calving in late July and August. Serum fatty acid concentration did not increase following the re-introduction of the heifers to pasture because of the unexpectedly low fatty acid concentration (4.8 g/kg of dry matter) of the mature winter pasture. In October, however, the proportion of fatty acids in serum that were polyunsaturated increased (50%) as did serum cy-tocopherol concentrations (greater than 13 mg/l). Mean serum selenium concentrations in the unsupplemented heifers ranged from 139 to 204 nmol/l, being lowest in October (p<0.01). Supplementation with intraruminal selenium pellets (two pellets delivering about 3 mg of selenium/day) increased serum selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity (p<0.01) whereas the type of winter diet had no effect (p>0.05). These results suggest that dairy cattle wintered on hay can become Vitamin E-depleted, whereas the feeding of pasture and silage should provide adequate Vitamin E. The pasture offered following calving during July and August provided a low dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid challenge, suggesting that abnormal peroxide metabolism is unlikely to be an important mechanism in the impaired performance of selenium-deficient adult cattle which calve at this the of year.  相似文献   

19.
荷斯坦牛产后前60 d患隐性乳房炎(SCM)次数反映了泌乳牛产后乳房的生理健康状况.本研究旨在探究荷斯坦牛产后前60 d患SCM次数对各泌乳月体细胞评分(somatic cell score,SCS)的影响,以期为牧场及时采取相关措施进行隐性乳房炎防控提供科学依据.本研究收集江苏地区12个奶牛场2017-2019年荷斯...  相似文献   

20.
An outbreak of mucosal disease (MD) was studied in a dairy herd, comprising 12 cows, 9 heifers and 18 calves. During a period of 1 month, six 5 to 8 month-old calves showed typical signs of MD. They all died or were killed in extremis after 2-8 days with progressively worsening clinical signs. Post mortem lesions were examined in one calf. Non-cytopathogenic MD virus was isolated from serum or tissues from 3 clinically affected calves and from 1 healthy heifer. All cows and heifers except for the viremic one possessed neutralizing antibodies against bovine pestivirus. According to the current MD-pathogenesis concept, the affected calves were probably infected transplacentally during the first half of foetal life with pestivirus from the persistently infected heifer in the herd.  相似文献   

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