CLINICAL FINDINGS: Superficial, focally deep and mucocutaneous pyoderma were present, with yellow mucoid exudate on both nares and the lower lips crusted with haemopurulent exudate. Epidermal collarettes were present on the dorsal and lateral trunk. There were peri-anal crusts and mild erythema was present on the concave aspect of both pinnae.
MICROBIOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Culture and microbiological testing identified Staphylococcus pseudintermedius as the infecting organism. Kirby-Bauer disc susceptibility testing revealed the isolate was resistant to numerous antimicrobials including oxacillin. PCR testing of the isolate identified the presence of the mecA gene which confers resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis typing suggested the isolate was not related to the methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius that had been reported to be associated with canine infections in Western Australia.
DIAGNOSIS: Superficial, deep and mucus membrane pyoderma associated with a multi-drug resistant S. pseudintermedius.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first recorded case of canine pyoderma involving methicillin-resistant multidrug-resistant S. pseudintermedius in New Zealand. Treatment of such cases is difficult because the number of effective and available antimicrobials is limited. This finding should raise the awareness of the veterinary and medical professions to the presence of such organisms in New Zealand and stimulate a discussion about possible biosecurity barriers, treatment strategies and prevention of zoonotic and nosocomial infections. 相似文献
METHODS: In December 2011, veterinary paraprofessionals (VP) from throughout New Zealand were invited to participate in an online survey. Eleven questions, which were divided into five sections, were used to determine demographic information, the respondents’ assessment of pain after commonly performed surgeries in dogs and cats, their opinions on provision of analgesia, who had responsibility for pain monitoring and the use of any formal pain scoring system in the practice.
RESULTS: Data from 165 respondents were able to be used, and 162 (98%) respondents to the survey were female. According to the respondents’ estimates, fracture repair in dogs and repair of diaphragmatic hernias in cats had the highest pain score following surgery. Neutering procedures involving dogs were scored higher than for cats (p<0.01). All respondents agreed that animals benefit from perioperative analgesia. The veterinary nurse was reported to be predominantly responsible for monitoring pain in animals postoperatively by 116/165 (70.3%) respondents. Of 165 respondents, 154 (93%) considered that their knowledge of pain and assessment of pain could be enhanced.
CONCLUSIONS: This survey reflects the attitudes and perceptions of a sample of VP in New Zealand to postoperative pain in dogs and cats. The results indicate that all respondents believe that surgery results in sufficient pain to warrant analgesic therapy. Routine neutering surgeries were considered to be more painful in dogs than in cats. The current survey also provides information to educators on potential areas of focus, given that 93% of respondents felt that their knowledge of pain and assessment of pain could be enhanced. 相似文献
2. More eggs were produced per hen housed from 30 to 70 weeks in the shallow cages; the difference approached significance.
3. The pattern of feeding activity over the day was significantly more U‐shaped in the shallow cages; this pattern accords more closely with physiological requirements.
4. Feather damage caused by pecking was slightly but significantly more severe in the deep cages at 70 weeks.
5. The proportion of cracked eggs (collected from 60 to 70 weeks) was significantly lower in the shallow cages.
6. The arrangement of the hens was such that within the shallow cages a higher proportion of birds was present in the front half.
7. It is suggested that some of the advantages conferred by the shallow cage may be related to the greater accessibility of the food trough. 相似文献
2. Dry plucking increased weight loss due to plucking and eviscerating, and reduced chilled carcass yield.
3. Dry eviscerating increased carcass water uptake during chilling.
4. Pre‐chilling with running water increased carcass water uptake compared with chilling in ice and water alone.
5. Water uptake during chilling appeared to be increased by longer eviscerating time. 相似文献
2. Chicken HSP70 sequence (GenBank: AY143693) was used as a template to design a primer pair to amplify partial duck HSP70 gene. Primers were subsequently designed with the duck HSP70 gene as a template to amplify the complete duck HSP70 sequence.
3. Twelve commercial Sanshui White ducklings were subjected to a heat stress experiment. Tissue samples were collected for RNA extraction and real-time PCR to analyse the expression mechanism of duck HSP70.
4. A DNA pool was constructed from three different species for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) screening. The genotypes of the identified SNPs were detected in 145 Sanshui White ducklings.
5. Duck HSP70 gene was identified and characterised (GenBank: EU678246) and shown to contain no introns. Fifteen variations were identified within the open reading frame. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of duck HSP70 gene was tissue specific and the highest expression level was seen in pectoral muscle. 相似文献
METHODS: A telephone survey was commissioned in September 2014 of 36 full-time farm consultants in the Canterbury and Otago region of New Zealand using a pre-prepared questionnaire to explore their attitudes towards the veterinary profession. Of those approached, 25 completed the survey.
RESULTS: The consultants surveyed agreed or strongly agreed (21/23) that they were the custodians of animal health expenditure on farms, which was seen as an expense to be controlled (19/25 agreed or strongly agreed). This view was held more strongly (9/9 agreed or strongly agreed) by consultants with >5 years’ professional experience, compared to 10/16 consultants with ≤5 years’ experience. Most consultants (24/25) disagreed that they did not respect veterinary advice, but agreed (24/25) that veterinarians almost always had a vested interest in the advice that they gave. The role of veterinarians was seen by respondents to be mainly treatment of sick animals (22/25) and provision of animal health products (24/25), but not in maximising farm profitability (selected by 8/25 respondents). Consultants viewed their own roles as providing advice on the influence of animal health on farm profitability (21/25), nutrition (22/25) and reproduction (20/25). Most respondents (21/25) stated that reducing disease and animal health issues was important, but they (21/25) also identified a reduction in farm animal health expenditure as a measure of success. Only 7/25 consultants felt that they should work in partnership with veterinarians.
CONCLUSIONS: This was a small scale study from one region of New Zealand but it indicates that consultants are ambivalent about the role and value of working more closely with veterinarians, and about the benefit that veterinary intervention may bring to a farm’s profitability.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: More successful veterinary involvement on dairy farms will follow from a better understanding of how other rural professionals are involved in the farm’s management and in meeting the individual farmer’s goals and motivations. 相似文献
2. Yolk cholesterol concentration decreases between 20 and 30 weeks of age, and then remains constant until 70 weeks of age. Yolk total lipid concentration increases to a maximum at 40 weeks of age before decreasing to its original value at 60 and 70 weeks of age.
3. Bird means for yolk cholesterol and total lipid concentration are negatively related at 20 weeks of age, and essentially independent for the remainder of the first year of egg production.
4. Variation for yolk cholesterol concentration between 30 and 70 weeks of age appears to be a consequence of differences in the proportion of cholesterol to other lipid components.
5. Uptake of plasma lipoproteins characteristic of the immature bird is likely to be responsible for the high yolk cholesterol concentration at 20 weeks of age. 相似文献
2. The taint was due to the inclusion of either 25 or 70 g Icelandic capelin fishmeal/kg of the diet.
3. Babcock hens produced significantly more (17%) tainted eggs than Warrens (1.2%).
4. Tainted eggs were significantly reduced to a very low proportion (1.3%) by the third day of feeding a fishmeal‐free diet.
5. The taint was due to the presence of up to 17 mg/trimethylamine kg in affected eggs. 相似文献
2. Food consumption up to 20 weeks of age was significantly reduced by all three treatments; mortality was increased and sexual maturity was delayed.
3. Greatest uniformity was observed amongst pullets fed on the low protein and the low lysine diets
4. By 70 weeks there were no significant differences in food conversion based on food consumed between 20 and 70 weeks of age, but based on consumption between 8 and 70 weeks the quantitatively restricted birds converted food most efficiently.
5. The most favourable method of restriction appeared to be the feeding of a low lysine or low protein diet, since rearing costs were low, and the performance of the pullets on these treatments was high. 相似文献
2. A total of 65 backyard chicken flock-keepers were recruited from May to July 2010 through adverts on websites, at City farms, veterinary practices and pet feed stores and surveyed by means of a questionnaire. A total of 30 responses were suitable for analysis.
3. Information on keepers’ and flocks’ characteristics, housing and husbandry practices and owners’ knowledge of health problems in chickens and zoonotic diseases was collected. A welfare assessment protocol was developed and the flocks assessed accordingly.
4. Results showed that chickens were generally provided with living conditions that allowed them to perform their natural behaviours.
5. Most of the flock owners did not comply with the regulations of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) on the feeding of catering waste.
6. Disease prevention measures such as vaccination and biosecurity, including limiting the access of human visitors, wild birds and rodents to the flocks were rare.
7. A lack of avian and zoonotic disease knowledge and awareness among the owners has implications for disease control and highlights the need for improved communication between owners, authorities and veterinarians. 相似文献
2. These subtypes, particularly H5N1, also have public health implications in addition to causing animal disease.
3. Control of infection in animals and in-depth analysis of virus antigenic and genetic properties largely rely on the veterinary community which requires better weapons that will be efficacious only if revised tactics are developed and vigorously applied. 相似文献
Objective: It was hypothesized that when DNA in canine plasma was measured by emission fluorometry without prior DNA extraction, the concentration of cfDNA would increase with disease severity.
Animals: The diseased population consisted of 97 client-owned dogs. The clinically normal population consisted of nine client-owned dogs presenting for ‘wellness screens’, and 15 colony-owned Harrier Hounds.
Methods: Plasma cfDNA was measured by fluorometry without prior DNA extraction. The effects of ex vivo storage conditions were evaluated in plasma from two clinically normal dogs. In all other dogs, plasma was separated within two hours of collection. The association between the cfDNA concentration in hospitalized dogs and a variety of clinical, clinicopathological and outcome variables was tested.
Results: The concentration of cfDNA was reliably measured when plasma was separated within two hours of blood collection. The diseased dogs had significantly higher cfDNA than clinically normal dogs (P < 0.001), and the more severe the disease, the higher the cfDNA when severity was categorized according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status (P < 0.001). Dogs that did not survive to discharge had significantly higher cfDNA concentrations than survivors (P = 0.02).
Conclusions/Clinical Importance: The concentration of cfDNA in the plasma of diseased dogs is associated with disease severity and prognosis. Measurement of canine cfDNA could be a useful non-specific disease indicator and prognostic tool. 相似文献
2. Hsp70 expression was detected by SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis using a polyclonal antiserum against Hsp70 of Blastocladiella emersonii. The specific signal of Hsp70 mRNA was analysed by Northern blot using as probe a Hsp70 cDNA of B. emersonii.
3. An increase in the amount of Hsp70 was detected from the first up to the fifth hour of acute heat exposure. This increase in the amount of Hsp70 was accompanied by an increase in Hsp70 mRNA which peaked at 3 h.
4. This study shows that the heat induced increase in Hsp70 mRNA and protein in broiler liver, in vivo, are time dependent, similar to that in mammals. 相似文献
Objective: Serology and electrophoresis were carried out for evidence of exposure to 12 mink pathogens on two different locations.
Animals and methods: Serology was done in 87 wild minks by reference techniques against Toxoplasma gondii, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Neospora caninum, Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, Leptospira interrogans, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus (CAV), canine parvovirus (CPV), rabies virus (RV), Influenza A virus (FLUAV) and Aleutian disease virus (ADV). Hypergammaglobulinemia, the ADV main clinical feature, was determined by conventional electrophoresis.
Results: Seventy-one percent of the 87 sera had antibodies against one or more pathogens. ADV accounted for the highest seroprevalence (29%), followed by T. gondii (26%), L. interrogans (14%), M. bovis (12%), B. abortus (9%), N. caninum (3%), CPV (3%) and CDV (2%). Seroprevalence was influenced by location but not sex or age. Additionally, 16% of the seropositive samples for ADV had gammaglobulin levels >40.0 g/L. Antibody titers for CDV and CPV were low and difficult to interpret as almost all these cases had borderline concentrations.
Conclusion: A cautious interpretation of the results is urged as the epidemiological role of the wild mink is largely unexplored for most of these agents. Nevertheless, the information may be clinically relevant.. 相似文献
2. There was evidence that eggs from range had stronger shells: they required more energy to crack, shell thickness was greater and shell deformation at 70 weeks was less (though the difference was not significant).
3. The differences between systems in shell strength, although real, were small. It is probable that environmental insults make a much larger contribution than shell strength to differences in crack incidence.
4. Eggs laid by hens on range were larger (+ 6.8% at 36 weeks and + 2.9% at 70 weeks) than those laid by the same stock housed in cages. 相似文献
2. Imaging was performed two times daily. To localise chickens within the pen, an ellipse fitting algorithm was used and the chickens’ head and tail removed using the Chan–Vese method.
3. The correlations between the body weight and 6 physical extracted features indicated that there were strong correlations between body weight and the 5 features including area, perimeter, convex area, major and minor axis length.
5. According to statistical analysis there was no significant difference between morning and afternoon data over 42 d.
6. In an attempt to improve the accuracy of live weight approximation different ANN techniques, including Bayesian regulation, Levenberg–Marquardt, Scaled conjugate gradient and gradient descent were used. Bayesian regulation with R2 value of 0.98 was the best network for prediction of broiler weight.
7. The accuracy of the machine vision technique was examined and most errors were less than 50 g. 相似文献
2. Dietary manganese affected fertility slightly, but significantly affected hatchability and the occurrence of malformed embryos.
3. Hatchability was most significantly depressed at the lowest dietary concentration of manganese, which also caused a highly significant increase in the proportion of malformed embryos.
4. Although increasing manganese to more than 54 mg/kg improved hatchability and reduced embryonic malformations, the increase did not completely eliminate the latter condition. 相似文献
1. The present study evaluated the effects of a blend of essential oils (EOB; cinnamaldehyde and thymol) and stocking density on the performance, gut microflora, meat quality and physiological stress markers of broilers.
2. One-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens (n = 360) were allocated to 4 experimental groups from d 22 to 42. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 15 chicks. Two groups were subjected to a high stocking density (HSD) of 20 birds/m2 and the other two groups were kept at a low stocking density (LSD) of 10 birds/m2.
3. The results of this study indicate that overcrowding stress decreased growth performance parameters, blood immunoglobulin (Ig)G and heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio but increased IgA and IgM levels. HSD reduced water-loss rate and pH decline at 45 min post mortem in the breast muscle.
4. Essential oils supplementation elevated H:L ratio but decreased breast meat redness and pH24.
5. Significant interactions between EOB and stocking density were observed for corticosterone (CS) level and mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in brain and heart. Although HSD increased CS and HSP70 when compared to LSD, the effects of the former were inconsistent with EOB supplemented diets.
6. In conclusion, dietary EOB supplementation could improve some of the biomarkers associated with overcrowding stress in broiler chickens. 相似文献
2. Treatment with TA improved growth, increased carcass moisture and tended to decrease carcass fat and ash; protein content was not altered by implantation.
3. Treatment with TA produced a marked improvement in efficiency of conversion of dietary protein to carcass protein.
4. Carcass formation of 70‐ and 77‐d‐old turkeys of both sexes implanted with 20 mg TA at 49 d of age was not markedly different from that of controls in terms of the relative proportions of the major body components nor in relative skeletal proportions.
5. Implantation with TA reduced linear and appositional skeletal growth both relative to soft tissue growth and relative to skeletal growth of control turkeys.
6. The rate of bone remodelling was reduced more than the rate of appositional growth so that bone cortical thickness was increased.
7. The changes in the skeleton effected by TA are consistent with the hypothesis that the drug acts by decreasing the rate of protein turnover, with catabolism being depressed more than anabolism. 相似文献
The more severely confined birds had depressed plasma alkaline phosphatase activity but a raised plasma cholesterol level after 35 d. The alkaline phosphatase activity returned to normal after 70 d but the hypercholesterolaemia persisted. Acid phosphatase activity and plasma protein levels were unaffected by the treatments.
Pullets in the smaller cages laid fewer eggs but egg weight was unaffected.
Neither percentage metabolisable energy nor metabolisable nitrogen of the diet was affected by the severity of confinement, though less dietary nitrogen was retained by either group in the first half of the confinement period.
Severe confinement resulted in higher values of percentage metabolisable calcium and phosphorus by the 35th d but these decreased by the 70th d. In the less severely confined birds these values by the 70th d were higher than those at the 35th d. 相似文献