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为了明确越冬期枣树组织中内生真菌的种类和分布情况,并从中筛选出对枣缩果病病原有拮抗作用的内生菌株,从越冬期健康枣树的树皮、枣股、枝条中分离获得内生真菌225株,共鉴定出12个真菌属,其优势属为茎点霉属、链格孢属、毛壳菌属和镰刀菌属。研究结果表明:越冬期健康枣树组织中内生真菌分布普遍,种类丰富;不同品种、不同部位中内生真菌的种类和数量都有差异。室内平板对峙实验结果表明:在225株内生真菌中,有25株内生真菌对枣缩果病病原茎点霉菌1-2有抑制作用,最高抑菌率为85.45%;有14株内生真菌对病原壳梭孢菌1-5有抑制效果,最高抑菌率为76.00%;内生真菌F7和F8对两种病原菌均有抑菌效果,而且均有明显的抑菌带,这说明上述两株菌均可产生抗菌代谢物质。 相似文献
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血水草血根碱杀螺效果及对钉螺头足部MDA活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨血水草血根碱(Sanguinarine,SAN)的杀螺作用和作用机理,采用室内浸杀法,将一定量的SAN配成不同质量浓度的溶液,在25℃恒温条件下,浸泡钉螺24、48、72和96 h,观察钉螺死亡情况;采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定钉螺头足部丙二醛(MDA)含量,检测血根碱药物对钉螺头足部丙二醛活性的影响.结果表明:在质量浓度25 mg/L、浸泡48 h,6.25 mg/L、授泡72 h,0.781 25 mg/L、浸泡96 h,钉螺死亡率均达90%以上;在质量浓度25 mg/L、浸泡72 h,12.5 mg/L、浸泡96 h,钉螺死亡率均达100%.SAN处理48 h后的钉螺头足部的MDA含量与去氯水对照组比较均呈显著性下降,其中12.50 mg/L组MDA含量比对照组下降了14.19%,6.25 mg/L组则下降了36.06%,表明低质量浓度的SAN对钉螺具有明显的杀灭效果,对钉螺头足部MDA的活性也有显著影响. 相似文献
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桉树植物杀灭钉螺的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的研究桉树植物杀灭钉螺的效果.方法对桉树属中的异心叶桉和赤桉树叶的水提剂、乙醇提取物和桉油等提取物,采用室内浸杀法,观察其在恒温(25±1℃)下的杀螺效果及对钉螺卵毒性作用.结果:异心叶桉和赤桉树叶的水提剂浸泡钉螺72h后的LC50为分别为0.24%和0.18%;乙醇提取物浸泡钉螺72h后的LC50分别为12.1mg/l和16.5mg/l;两种桉油浸泡钉螺72h后的LC50分别为42.0mg/l和9.7mg/l.异心叶桉乙醇提取物在50.0mg/l时浸泡钉螺卵5d以上、25.0mg/l浸泡钉螺卵7d以上,可完全抑制钉螺卵的孵出.结论异心叶桉和赤桉两种桉树叶的水提剂、乙醇提取物和桉油对钉螺都具有较强的杀螺作用.提示这两种桉树可能是研究植物杀螺剂较有价值的候选植物. 相似文献
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从思茅松毛虫幼虫肠道中分离出3属7株产脂肪酶菌,以思茅松松节油为底物,筛选高产脂肪酶菌株,测定脂肪酶活性,确定酶解特性,生长量和产酶特性。结果表明:以思茅松松节油和橄榄油为底物时,7株产脂肪酶菌均表现出不同的产脂肪酶活性,其中以菌株D12的产脂肪酶活性最高。以思茅松松节油为底物时,菌株D12的脂肪酶活力高达4.06 U·mL-1;菌株D12为中温型产碱性脂肪酶菌株,最适作用温度40℃,最适pH值为8.0;菌株D12经发酵至60 h时,OD600值高达0.68,说明其生长量达到最大,在48 h左右时酶活力达到最高,为6.6 U·mL-1。 相似文献
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《林业工程学报》2016,(1)
为了确定广西南宁纤维板霉变微生物的种类,从广西高峰人造板有限公司已霉变纤维板上采集霉变样品,经分离纯化,采用传统的形态学方法与ITS序列分析法相结合,进行了微生物的鉴定。分离筛选得到4株霉变真菌,编号为GXB-1,ZXB-2,ZXB-3和ZXB-4。根据传统形态学方法将4株霉变真菌鉴定为木霉属(Trichoderma sp.)和脉孢霉属(Neurospora sp.),其中木霉属真菌为优势种群,分离率高达60%。随后对4株霉变真菌进行r DNA-ITS序列分析和同源性比较,综合形态学鉴定结果,将菌株GXB-1鉴定为哈茨木霉,将菌株ZXB-2和ZXB-3鉴定为深绿木霉(T.atroviride),将菌株ZXB-4鉴定为四孢脉孢霉(N.tetrasperma XF35)。不同地区、不同基质和环境条件下,霉变微生物的优势菌种类存在较大的差异,这一结果可为筛选适宜的纤维板防霉剂提供参考。 相似文献
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金龟子绿僵菌、球孢白僵菌不同菌株对星天牛成虫的生物测定 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
在测定8株虫生真菌产孢量的基础上,选用4株金龟子绿僵菌和1株球孢白僵菌茵株,采用爬行接种法对星天牛成虫进行生物测定,旨在筛选出对星天牛成虫具有强致病力的生产菌株.星天牛成虫在产孢充分的平皿上爬行后所接触到的孢子量差异不显著.接种后不同菌株对星天牛成虫的致死趋势较一致,死亡高峰期在9～15 d.通过死亡率一时间几率值分析发现,MaYTTR04,MaZPTR01,B08 3个菌株的LT50分别为9.14,9.48,9.67 d,较另2个菌株要短.最高僵虫率的菌株是MaZPTTR01,为53.3%;其次是MaYTTR04,为40.0%;其余3个茵株均较低.试验结果表明MaYTTR04,MaZPTR01 2个菌株对星天牛有较高的致死率,僵虫率也较高,可以作为优良茵株进一步的研究、推广. 相似文献
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《内蒙古林业科技》2021,(3)
筛选和鉴定沙地云杉菌根真菌,对沙地云杉育苗以及种群恢复具有重要意义。本研究从沙地云杉根段筛选获得8株菌根真菌,经ITS基因测序比对,分别属于镰刀菌属、皮伞属等5属,其中皮伞属为优势菌属。其中4株菌能够在磷酸三钙固体PKO平板上生长,1株能够在硅酸盐固体平板上生长。盆栽实验表明,接种菌株Marasmius scorodonius YSF5能够明显提高沙地云杉幼苗地上部分干重,较空白对照提高20.44%;Marasmius scorodonius YSF5还能够显著促进沙地云杉幼苗根干物质量的积累,较空白对照提高67.37%;接种菌根真菌提高了土壤有机质、全氮和速效氮含量,提高比例分别为23.99%～101.34%、27.27%～212.12%和15.07%～52.48%。综合分析表明,Mycetinis sp. YSF2、Marasmius scorodonius YSF5、Ambomucor senatoinflatus YSF7和Mycetinis sp.YSF9具有较强的促生能力,这些菌株可储备为保育和人工栽培沙地云杉的菌种资源。 相似文献
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绿僵菌防治鞭角华扁叶蜂试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用9个绿僵菌品系对鞭角华扁叶蜂幼虫致病性测定,初选出的2060和2055菌株的致病率分别达76.5%和23.5%。通过7代毒力增效试验,两品系毒力分别增加了23.5%和28.5%。并用2060品系菌株在林间防治试验和人工模拟试验,其防治效果分别达61.5%和65.2%。经与化学农药复配防治效果可达96.2%。 相似文献
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A. M. Abo El-Nasr Dr. M. A. Sellam A. A. Abd-Elrazik M. H. Rushdi 《Journal of pest science》1981,54(3):41-45
Twentyfour samples of naturally mosaic infected sugarcane plants were collected from Giza and Kena Governorates of A. R. E. They were identified as SCMV strain D and its substrains Da and Dc according to their physical properties in diseased samples and symptoms produced on differential hosts. The two substrains are recorded for the time in Egypt as incitants of this disease. Distribution frequency of strains varied with locality. Strain D was distributed more in Giza Governorate than in Kena Governorate while frequency of substrains Dc and Da was of a reverse trend. Dilution end point, thermal inactivation point and longevityin vitro for strain D and its substrains Da and Dc ranged 10?3–10?6, 50°C–63°C, and up to 48 h respectively. These properties varied also within each strain. 相似文献
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目的]筛选云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子最佳表面灭菌条件,研究其萌发特性。[方法]筛选NaClO(2%、3%、4%)与HgCl_2(0.01%、0.1%)最佳消毒浓度组合;采用流水冲洗时间(6、12、18 h)、2%NaClO浸泡时间(5、10、15 min)和0.1%Hg Cl_2浸泡时间(5、10、15 min),设计正交试验实验,探讨2种竹种最佳表面灭菌处理的时间组合,并对竹种分别在滤纸、MS培养基以及经3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡后在MS培养基上的发芽率进行了探讨。[结果]NaClO、Hg Cl_2最佳消毒浓度组合为2%NaClO+0.1%HgCl_2;2种竹种最佳表面灭菌时间组合均为:流水冲洗6 h、2%Na Cl O浸泡10min、0.1%HgCl_2浸泡15 min,经此处理后云南甜龙竹和黄竹的发芽率分别为84.4%、72.2%,污染率分别为18.7%、29.6%。不同处理种子萌发率差异t检验结果显示:2种竹子种子是否经过3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡,对其在MS培养基上的发芽率无显著影响,但种子在MS培养基上的发芽率显著高于滤纸上的发芽率。经相同处理黄竹的发芽率均低于云南甜龙竹。[结论]云南甜龙竹、黄竹最佳表面灭菌组合均为:流水冲洗6 h、2%NaClO浸泡10 min、0.1%HgCl_2浸泡15 min;3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡处理对云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子在MS培养基上的发芽率无显著影响,但MS培养基上种子的发芽率显著高于其在滤纸上的发芽率。 相似文献
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Tree-crop interactions were monitored by measuring tree growth characters of Prosopis cineraria L.and Tecomella undulata L.and yields of Vigna radiata(L) in agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert.Potential competition for resource between the trees and associated crop was analyzed by measuring soil water contents, soil organic matters and NH4-N at different depths of soil layers i.e., 0-25 cm, 25-50 cm and 50-75 cm in the experimental plots.The plots size were 16 m × 18 m(D1), 20 m × 18 m(D... 相似文献
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Increased photosynthetic rates following partial defoliation may arise from changes in leaf biochemistry, water relations or nutrient status. Twelve-month-old field-grown Eucalyptus globulus Labill. seedlings were pruned from below to reduce the green crown depth by 50 (D50) or 70% (D70). Photosynthetic responses to light and CO2 concentration were examined before and one, three and five weeks after partial defoliation. One week after defoliation, photosynthetic rates were greater in seedlings in the D50 (21 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) and D70 (23 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) treatments than in control seedlings (15 micromol m(-2) s(-1)); however, there was little difference in photosynthetic rates between partially defoliated seedlings and control seedlings after 5 weeks. An analysis of the sensitivity of photosynthesis to biochemical parameters revealed that the transient increase in photosynthetic rate in response to partial defoliation was largely a function of the maximum rate of carboxylation (85-87%) and the maximum rate of RuBP regeneration (55-60%) rather than stomatal conductance (12-13%). Nitrogen increased in leaves following partial defoliation (increases of 0.6 and 1.2 g m(-2) for D50 and D70, respectively), but was accumulated in a non-photosynthetic form (i.e., there was no increase in nitrogen concentration of Rubisco or chlorophyll). Increased photosynthetic rates immediately following partial defoliation were primarily a result of increased activity rather than amount of photosynthetic machinery. There was no evidence that phosphorus was responsible for the increase in photosynthetic rates after partial defoliation. 相似文献
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Philip D. Fanning Anthony VanWoerkom John C. Wise Rufus Isaacs 《Journal of pest science》2018,91(4):1279-1290
Chemical control of insect pests in food crops is dominated by broad-spectrum insecticides from a few classes, and there is an urgent need for alternative modes of action. We examined the efficacy of a spider venom peptide, GS-omega/kappa-Hxtx-Hv1a (hereafter, Hv1a) for control of spotted-wing Drosophila and evaluated the importance of phagostimulants and adjuvants for its efficacy. Topical and residual activity of Hv1a was low, with only 17.5% of exposed adult D. suzukii dying after 72 h. In contrast, 100% adult mortality was observed after 24 h when three adjuvants were added to Hv1a. Survival of eggs of D. suzukii oviposited into blueberries was also reduced by exposure to Hv1a combined with the same adjuvants, indicating that Hv1a activity against D. suzukii in the laboratory, but requires penetration of the insect cuticle for efficacy. In a field trial in blueberries, Hv1a gave comparable control to phosmet, and significantly reduced infestation in fruit. This biopesticide adds a new mode of action to the options available for integrated pest management of this and other insect’s pests. 相似文献